信息系统软件中分析模式的研究与应用
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摘要
软件复用是软件从业人员的不懈追求，它能够提高软件生产率以及软件质量。人们在对软件系统进行分析时，经常会发现完全不同领域的分析模型却有着很多的相似之处，于是对于分析模型的复用逐渐引起了人们的注意。分析模式就是为着重解决面向对象系统中分析模型复用而诞生的技术。
分析模式是可复用的面向对象分析模型，它是一组概念，这些概念反映了在业务建模中的通用结构，而不是实际的软件实现。分析模式主要来源于对特定的业务领域的分析，但它既可以与该特定的领域相关，也可以跨越多个领域。
然而目前人们在应用分析模式的过程中遇到了各种问题，这在很大程度上是因为没有正确的方法模型指导使用分析模式。本文对分析模式展开深入研究，针对分析模式在应用中遇到的问题，根据分析模式的特点和作用，综合国内外相关研究成果，总结出一个将分析模式与UML分析方法相结合的分析模式应用方法模型，分别从建模语言、过程模型、模式运用原则和析取分析模式四个方面对分析模式的应用方法进行了研究。本文还对知识层与操作层分离、数量、观察、仓库管理器、账务等分析模式的背景、思想、作用和效果进行研究，并结合仓库管理器模式和账务模式提出了一个新的分析模式——仓库管理分析器模式。最后本文在分析模式应用方法模型的指导下运用这些分析模式对电力物资管理信息系统库存管理子系统进行分析，建立了分析模型，验证了分析模式的复用效果和方法模型的有效性。
本文通过对分析模式应用方法的研究，为在面向对象分析中有效运用分析模式实现分析模型复用提供了指导，从一定程度上解决了应用分析模式时遇到的问题。
Software Reuse is the incessant quarry of people engaged in software trade and it can improve software productivity and software quality. During the process of analyzing software systems people can often find that the analysis models in different fields have a lot of resemblances, and this makes people pay attention to the reuse of analysis models. Analysis pattern is the technique used to solve the reuse of analysis models in Object-Orient system.
Analysis patterns are reusable 00 models. Analysis patterns are a suit of conception which doesn't reflect the realization of real software but reflect the universal structure of business model. Analysis patterns mostly come from specific fields, but they usually can also be used in other fields.
Nevertheless people encounter some problems during the course of using analysis patterns, and this is primary because of scarcity of methodology guidance. This thesis researches deeply into analysis patterns, aiming at the problems of analysis patterns appliance, according to of the characteristic and effect of analysis patterns, consulting the research of inland and outland, summarizes an analysis patterns appliance method model which integrates analysis patterns and the UML analysis method. The method model has four facets: model-creating language, process model, appliance principle, and analysis pattern extract This thesis also researches the background, idea, purpose and effect of five analysis model: Separation of Knowledge-level and Operation-level, Quantity, Observation, Stock Manager and Account, and bring forward a new analysis pattern: Stock Manage- Analyzer. At last this thesis analyzes the Inventory Subsystem of the Electric Material Management Information System under the guidance of the method
model, creating analysis model and validating the reusity of analysis patterns and the validity of the method model.
Through the research of the method of analysis patterns appliance, this thesis provides the guidance of using analysis pattern effectively in 00 analysis and realizing analysis model reuse, and partly solves the problems of analysis patterns appliance.
分析模式是可复用的面向对象分析模型，它是一组概念，这些概念反映了在业务建模中的通用结构，而不是实际的软件实现。分析模式主要来源于对特定的业务领域的分析，但它既可以与该特定的领域相关，也可以跨越多个领域。
然而目前人们在应用分析模式的过程中遇到了各种问题，这在很大程度上是因为没有正确的方法模型指导使用分析模式。本文对分析模式展开深入研究，针对分析模式在应用中遇到的问题，根据分析模式的特点和作用，综合国内外相关研究成果，总结出一个将分析模式与UML分析方法相结合的分析模式应用方法模型，分别从建模语言、过程模型、模式运用原则和析取分析模式四个方面对分析模式的应用方法进行了研究。本文还对知识层与操作层分离、数量、观察、仓库管理器、账务等分析模式的背景、思想、作用和效果进行研究，并结合仓库管理器模式和账务模式提出了一个新的分析模式——仓库管理分析器模式。最后本文在分析模式应用方法模型的指导下运用这些分析模式对电力物资管理信息系统库存管理子系统进行分析，建立了分析模型，验证了分析模式的复用效果和方法模型的有效性。
本文通过对分析模式应用方法的研究，为在面向对象分析中有效运用分析模式实现分析模型复用提供了指导，从一定程度上解决了应用分析模式时遇到的问题。
Software Reuse is the incessant quarry of people engaged in software trade and it can improve software productivity and software quality. During the process of analyzing software systems people can often find that the analysis models in different fields have a lot of resemblances, and this makes people pay attention to the reuse of analysis models. Analysis pattern is the technique used to solve the reuse of analysis models in Object-Orient system.
Analysis patterns are reusable 00 models. Analysis patterns are a suit of conception which doesn't reflect the realization of real software but reflect the universal structure of business model. Analysis patterns mostly come from specific fields, but they usually can also be used in other fields.
Nevertheless people encounter some problems during the course of using analysis patterns, and this is primary because of scarcity of methodology guidance. This thesis researches deeply into analysis patterns, aiming at the problems of analysis patterns appliance, according to of the characteristic and effect of analysis patterns, consulting the research of inland and outland, summarizes an analysis patterns appliance method model which integrates analysis patterns and the UML analysis method. The method model has four facets: model-creating language, process model, appliance principle, and analysis pattern extract This thesis also researches the background, idea, purpose and effect of five analysis model: Separation of Knowledge-level and Operation-level, Quantity, Observation, Stock Manager and Account, and bring forward a new analysis pattern: Stock Manage- Analyzer. At last this thesis analyzes the Inventory Subsystem of the Electric Material Management Information System under the guidance of the method
model, creating analysis model and validating the reusity of analysis patterns and the validity of the method model.
Through the research of the method of analysis patterns appliance, this thesis provides the guidance of using analysis pattern effectively in 00 analysis and realizing analysis model reuse, and partly solves the problems of analysis patterns appliance.
引文
[1] 梅宏，软件复用技术研究与应用，科技与经济，2002/S1，39-42
[2] 周轶刚，康建初，可重用软件模式，计算机工程与应用，2002/27，87-90
[3] 杨芙清，梅宏，李克勤，软件复用与软件构件技术，电子学报，1999/2，68-75
[4] C.Jones, Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Prentice Hall PTR, 1993, 14-15
[5] Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineer, A Practitioner's Approach, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1997
[6] 齐治昌，谭庆平，宁洪，软件工程，高等教育出版社，2001
[7] 阎宏，Java与模式，电子工业出版社，2002
[8] Robert C. Martin, Agile Software Development: Principles, Patterns, and Practices, Pearson Education, 2003
[9] Frederick P.Brooks Jr., The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, Anniversary ed, 1995
[10] Martin Fowler, Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models, Addison Wesley Longman, 1997
[11] Eduardo B. Femandez, Stock Manager: An Analysis Pattern for Inventories, http://jerry.cs.uiuc.edu/～plop/plop2k/proceedings/Femandez2/Fernandez2.pdf
[12] Eduardo B．Fernandez，预定和使用可重用实体的分析模式，非程序员，2001/11，30-38
[13] Jugurta Lisboa Filho, Cirano Iochpe, Kate Beard, Applying Analysis Patterns in the GIS Domain, http://divcnm.otago.ac.nz/sirc/webpages/Conferences/SIRC98/98Abstracts/98Filho/98filho.htm
[14] 甄镭，信息系统升级与整合：策略、方法、技巧，电子工业出版社，2004
[15] Ivar Jacoboson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, The Unified Software Development Process, Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
[16] Philippe Kruchten, The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction (2nd Edition), Addison-Wesley Longman, 2000
[17] Andreas Geyer-Schulz, Michael Hahsler, Software Reuse with Analysis Patterns, http://wwwai.wu-wien.ac.at/～hahsler/research/virlib_working2001/virlib/virlib.html
[18] Kent Beck, Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change, Pearson Education, 1999
[19] 许幼鸣，徐锦，赵文耘，钱乐秋，基于设计模式的软件重用，计算机工程，1999/3，
[20] 李克勤，陈兆良，梅宏，杨芙清，领域工程概述，http://www.jbcase.com/jsjkxue/4.zip
[21] 卞雷，吴江，领域分析，计算机应用研究，1995/6，1-2
[22] 邹咸林，领域分析方法及技术的讨论，现代计算机，2001/10，18-20
[23] Grady Booch, Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications,2E, Addison Wesley Longman, 2000
[24] Craig Larman, Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and the Unified Process (2nd Edition), Prentice Hall PTR, 2001
[25] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Addison Wesley Longman, 1995
[26] William J. Brown, Raphael C. Malveau, Hays W. McCormick, Thomas J. Mowbray, AntiPatterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
[27] Martin Fowler, Analysis Patterns and Business Objects, http://www.jeffsutherland.org/oopsla96/fowler.html, 1996
[28] Frank Buschmann, Regine meunier, Hans Rohnert, Peter Sommerlad, Michael Stal, Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 1: A System of Patterns, John Wiley & Son Ltd, 1996
[29] Frank Buschmann, Regine meunier, Hans Rolmert, Peter Sommerlad, Michael Stal, Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture Volume 2 Patterns for Concurrent and Networked Objects, John Wiley & Son Ltd, 2000
[30] Steve Adolph, Paul Bramble, Patterns for Effective Use Cases, Addison Wesley Longman, 2000
[31] Martin Fowler, AnalysisPatterns, Dr. Dobb's, 2003/10, 22-38
[32] Martin Fowler, Quantity, http://www.martinfowler.com/ap2/quantity.html
[33] Martin Fowler, Range, http://www.martinfowler.com/ap2/range.html
[34] Martin Fowler, Patterns for things that change with time, http://www.martinfowler.com/ap2/timeNarrative.html
[35] Martin Fowler, Account Patterns, http://www.martinfowier.com/apsupp/accounting.pdf
[36] Martin Fowler, Accountability, http://www.martinfowler.com/apsupp/accountability.pdf
[37] Ivar Jacoboson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
[38] Ivar Jacoboson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual, Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
[39] 蒋芳，账务模式，非程序员，2003/11，67-102
[2] 周轶刚，康建初，可重用软件模式，计算机工程与应用，2002/27，87-90
[3] 杨芙清，梅宏，李克勤，软件复用与软件构件技术，电子学报，1999/2，68-75
[4] C.Jones, Assessment and Control of Software Risks, Prentice Hall PTR, 1993, 14-15
[5] Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineer, A Practitioner's Approach, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1997
[6] 齐治昌，谭庆平，宁洪，软件工程，高等教育出版社，2001
[7] 阎宏，Java与模式，电子工业出版社，2002
[8] Robert C. Martin, Agile Software Development: Principles, Patterns, and Practices, Pearson Education, 2003
[9] Frederick P.Brooks Jr., The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, Anniversary ed, 1995
[10] Martin Fowler, Analysis Patterns: Reusable Object Models, Addison Wesley Longman, 1997
[11] Eduardo B. Femandez, Stock Manager: An Analysis Pattern for Inventories, http://jerry.cs.uiuc.edu/～plop/plop2k/proceedings/Femandez2/Fernandez2.pdf
[12] Eduardo B．Fernandez，预定和使用可重用实体的分析模式，非程序员，2001/11，30-38
[13] Jugurta Lisboa Filho, Cirano Iochpe, Kate Beard, Applying Analysis Patterns in the GIS Domain, http://divcnm.otago.ac.nz/sirc/webpages/Conferences/SIRC98/98Abstracts/98Filho/98filho.htm
[14] 甄镭，信息系统升级与整合：策略、方法、技巧，电子工业出版社，2004
[15] Ivar Jacoboson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, The Unified Software Development Process, Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
[16] Philippe Kruchten, The Rational Unified Process: An Introduction (2nd Edition), Addison-Wesley Longman, 2000
[17] Andreas Geyer-Schulz, Michael Hahsler, Software Reuse with Analysis Patterns, http://wwwai.wu-wien.ac.at/～hahsler/research/virlib_working2001/virlib/virlib.html
[18] Kent Beck, Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change, Pearson Education, 1999
[19] 许幼鸣，徐锦，赵文耘，钱乐秋，基于设计模式的软件重用，计算机工程，1999/3，
[20] 李克勤，陈兆良，梅宏，杨芙清，领域工程概述，http://www.jbcase.com/jsjkxue/4.zip
[21] 卞雷，吴江，领域分析，计算机应用研究，1995/6，1-2
[22] 邹咸林，领域分析方法及技术的讨论，现代计算机，2001/10，18-20
[23] Grady Booch, Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications,2E, Addison Wesley Longman, 2000
[24] Craig Larman, Applying UML and Patterns: An Introduction to Object-Oriented Analysis and Design and the Unified Process (2nd Edition), Prentice Hall PTR, 2001
[25] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides, Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software, Addison Wesley Longman, 1995
[26] William J. Brown, Raphael C. Malveau, Hays W. McCormick, Thomas J. Mowbray, AntiPatterns: Refactoring Software, Architectures, and Projects in Crisis, John Wiley & Sons, 1998
[27] Martin Fowler, Analysis Patterns and Business Objects, http://www.jeffsutherland.org/oopsla96/fowler.html, 1996
[28] Frank Buschmann, Regine meunier, Hans Rohnert, Peter Sommerlad, Michael Stal, Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 1: A System of Patterns, John Wiley & Son Ltd, 1996
[29] Frank Buschmann, Regine meunier, Hans Rolmert, Peter Sommerlad, Michael Stal, Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture Volume 2 Patterns for Concurrent and Networked Objects, John Wiley & Son Ltd, 2000
[30] Steve Adolph, Paul Bramble, Patterns for Effective Use Cases, Addison Wesley Longman, 2000
[31] Martin Fowler, AnalysisPatterns, Dr. Dobb's, 2003/10, 22-38
[32] Martin Fowler, Quantity, http://www.martinfowler.com/ap2/quantity.html
[33] Martin Fowler, Range, http://www.martinfowler.com/ap2/range.html
[34] Martin Fowler, Patterns for things that change with time, http://www.martinfowler.com/ap2/timeNarrative.html
[35] Martin Fowler, Account Patterns, http://www.martinfowier.com/apsupp/accounting.pdf
[36] Martin Fowler, Accountability, http://www.martinfowler.com/apsupp/accountability.pdf
[37] Ivar Jacoboson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, The Unified Modeling Language User Guide, Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
[38] Ivar Jacoboson, Grady Booch, James Rumbaugh, The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual, Addison Wesley Longman, 1999
[39] 蒋芳，账务模式，非程序员，2003/11，67-102