废旧PVC电缆料制备木塑复合材料研究
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摘要
塑料,以其优良的性能和相对较低的价格,在国民生产中的应用越来越广。由于塑料本身的化学特性,使得塑料很难在短时间内自然降解,从而导致了废旧塑料的污染问题。而电缆料作为塑料产品的一个较大的种类,其废弃物的处理也是一个很难的问题。本文就废旧PVC电缆料的回收再利用问题,综合国内外的解决措施和研究成果,提出了一条既环保又有较高经济价值的解决途径:生产木塑复合材料,即WPC。
本论文首先对废旧PVC电缆外皮进行成分剖析。根据塑料填充改性的原理,以废旧PVC电缆料和木粉为主要原料,采用螺杆混炼挤出工艺,制备木塑复合材料。研究了挤出机工作参数、木粉、偶联剂和冲击改性剂的种类以及填充量、新旧PVC配比对材料性能的影响。同时对自制的硅烷偶联剂的性能进行了考察,并且对此套工艺的工业生产可行性进行了分析。
研究结果表明,双螺杆挤出机的最佳工作参数为:螺杆转速25 r/min,机筒温度150℃～170℃;新旧PVC的配比对材料性能影响较大,结合经济因素确定其配比值分别为:软质品中为20份,硬质品为50份;填充竹粉的材料抗冲强度较好,比木粉填充材料高43.49 %;而木粉填充材料在材料拉伸强度方面要优于竹粉;木粉填充量的增加使材料力学性能降低,确定硬质品中木粉填充量为30份;在不同制品中应采用不同的偶联剂,且用量存在最佳值;冲击改性剂ACR-KM355P可将材料的冲击韧性提高;自制的硅烷偶联剂最佳添加量仅为0.6份,但偶联效果要低于另两种。可行性分析结果显示,此套技术进行工业放大后,具有较高的利润,可进行工业生产。
Plastic is widespread used in national economy with its excellent performance and low prices. And it is very difficult to be degraded in short time as its chemical characteristics, so results in Environmental problems. Cable sheath is one big species of plastic products, waste of which is also one difficult problem. In this study, we put forward one approach to solve the problem of recycling wasted PVC cable sheath by colligating measures and research results of domestic and overseas,which is only environmental but also economical: preparing wood plastic composites, WPC.
In this study, composition of wasted PVC cable sheath was frist analysised. Wasted PVC cable sheath and wood flour were synthesized WPC through the technique of twin screw mixing and extruding.The effeets of Working Parameters of the twin screw extruder ,the kind and the dosage of wood flour,coupling agent, impact modifier, proportion of mixture of new and wasted PVC on performance of WPC products were studied. Tha performance of silane coupling agent was investigated,and the feasibility of industrial production of this technology was analysised.
The experiment results indicated that the best working parameters of twin screw extruder were: Screw rotation speed :25 r/min, Barrel temperature150℃～170℃; the proportion of mixture of new and wasted PVC had great effect on performance of WPC, the proportion was determined allowing for economy: soft products:20phr, hard products:50phr; WPC filled with bamboo flour was better than wood flour by 43.49% on impact property, while filled with wood flour was better on ensile property; the higher the dosage of wood flour was,the worse the mechanical properties were, the dosage of wood flour in hard products was 30 phr; different coupling agents were used in different productions, and the the dosage of which had the best amount; impact modifier ACR-KM355P can improve impact property of WPC by 42.71%; the dosage of silane coupling agent was only 0.6 phr, but the effect was not good. Analysis showed that this technique after industrial scale-up had relatively high profits.
本论文首先对废旧PVC电缆外皮进行成分剖析。根据塑料填充改性的原理,以废旧PVC电缆料和木粉为主要原料,采用螺杆混炼挤出工艺,制备木塑复合材料。研究了挤出机工作参数、木粉、偶联剂和冲击改性剂的种类以及填充量、新旧PVC配比对材料性能的影响。同时对自制的硅烷偶联剂的性能进行了考察,并且对此套工艺的工业生产可行性进行了分析。
研究结果表明,双螺杆挤出机的最佳工作参数为:螺杆转速25 r/min,机筒温度150℃～170℃;新旧PVC的配比对材料性能影响较大,结合经济因素确定其配比值分别为:软质品中为20份,硬质品为50份;填充竹粉的材料抗冲强度较好,比木粉填充材料高43.49 %;而木粉填充材料在材料拉伸强度方面要优于竹粉;木粉填充量的增加使材料力学性能降低,确定硬质品中木粉填充量为30份;在不同制品中应采用不同的偶联剂,且用量存在最佳值;冲击改性剂ACR-KM355P可将材料的冲击韧性提高;自制的硅烷偶联剂最佳添加量仅为0.6份,但偶联效果要低于另两种。可行性分析结果显示,此套技术进行工业放大后,具有较高的利润,可进行工业生产。
Plastic is widespread used in national economy with its excellent performance and low prices. And it is very difficult to be degraded in short time as its chemical characteristics, so results in Environmental problems. Cable sheath is one big species of plastic products, waste of which is also one difficult problem. In this study, we put forward one approach to solve the problem of recycling wasted PVC cable sheath by colligating measures and research results of domestic and overseas,which is only environmental but also economical: preparing wood plastic composites, WPC.
In this study, composition of wasted PVC cable sheath was frist analysised. Wasted PVC cable sheath and wood flour were synthesized WPC through the technique of twin screw mixing and extruding.The effeets of Working Parameters of the twin screw extruder ,the kind and the dosage of wood flour,coupling agent, impact modifier, proportion of mixture of new and wasted PVC on performance of WPC products were studied. Tha performance of silane coupling agent was investigated,and the feasibility of industrial production of this technology was analysised.
The experiment results indicated that the best working parameters of twin screw extruder were: Screw rotation speed :25 r/min, Barrel temperature150℃～170℃; the proportion of mixture of new and wasted PVC had great effect on performance of WPC, the proportion was determined allowing for economy: soft products:20phr, hard products:50phr; WPC filled with bamboo flour was better than wood flour by 43.49% on impact property, while filled with wood flour was better on ensile property; the higher the dosage of wood flour was,the worse the mechanical properties were, the dosage of wood flour in hard products was 30 phr; different coupling agents were used in different productions, and the the dosage of which had the best amount; impact modifier ACR-KM355P can improve impact property of WPC by 42.71%; the dosage of silane coupling agent was only 0.6 phr, but the effect was not good. Analysis showed that this technique after industrial scale-up had relatively high profits.
引文
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[20]刘玉强,赵志曼,木塑复合材料及其发展,化工新型材料,2005,33(3):59～61
[21]Jennifer Markarian, Additive developments aid growth in wood-plastic composites, Plastics, Additives and Compounding, 2002, 4(11): 18～21
[22]周冠武,美国对木塑复合材料的需求到2011年将增长10%,国际木业,2007,(10):50～51
[23]肖泽芳,赵林波,谢延军,王清文,木材—热塑性塑料复合材料的进展,东北林业大学学报,2003,31(1):39～41
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[26]曹国峰,张玉兰,PVC木塑复合材料成型技术,聚氯乙烯,2007,(1):14~16
[27]霍中玲,谢兆设,陈猛,木塑复合材料型材配方工艺研究,工程塑料应用,2007,35(5):33~35
[28]Jayamol George, Sceekala M S.A review of interface modification and characterization of natural fiber reinforced plastics composites, Polymer Engineering and Science, 2001, 41(9): 1471
[29]Liang B H,Galpenin A S, et a.l Properties of transfer-molded wood-fiber/polystyrene composites, Wood and FiberScience, 1994, 26(3): 382～389
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