植物累积有机污染物DEHP能力及其特异性研究
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摘要
DEHP(邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯)为酞酸酯类化合物,是增塑剂的主要品种,也是目前世界上产量大、应用广泛的人工合成有机化合物之一。由于DEHP与塑料成分之间不是以共价化学键结合,因此易于从塑料中转移至外环境,从而造成空气,水和土壤的污染。大量的研究证明,DEHP通过一定的途径进入动物与人体并在体内长期累积产生毒性作用。
本论文选取有机污染物DEHP,通过盆栽试验,利用气相色谱/质谱联机检测技术,在同一条件下研究了15种不同植物对DEHP的吸收累积差异及特异性研究,对阐明DEHP在植物中的累积机理,进而利用植物进行DEHP污染的修复有重要的科学意义
本文所取得的研究结果:(1)建立了一种基于索式提取-GC/MS的DEHP快速检测方法,该方法具有分离效果好、线性范围宽、速度快、定量准确等优点,可用于植物样品中DEHP的快速检测。(2)冬瓜叶中DEHP累积能力最强,但不同品种之间的累积能力也有差别。广东黑皮冬瓜的累积能力明显高于五叶早冬瓜;其次为大白菜、大豆、黄瓜、胡萝卜、莴苣、羊角椒和小麦能力中等且差别不明显,南瓜,玉米、番茄、小麦、丝瓜和苦瓜和空心菜DEHP累积能力较弱。冬瓜有很强的累积DEHP的能力,因此可以采用冬瓜进行DEHP污染的修复。因此可以采用冬瓜进行DEHP污染的修复。(3)气孔器特征(气孔器密度、气孔器长度、气孔器宽度和气孔器长宽比)与植物累积DEHP能力的相关性均不明显;不同植物在扫描电镜下观察气孔器外拱盖内缘的特征、保卫细胞特征、表皮毛特征、角质层纹饰特征有明显的差别,但与植物累积DEHP能力无关。(4)植物累积DEHP能力与脂肪酸的组成及含量无关。(5)通过不同植物表皮蜡质成分的研究,初步推断植物累积DEHP的能力可能与正十九烷、十六酸甲酯、十八烷烯、正二十烷和二十烯这五种蜡质成分有关,呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。(6)不同植物叶片组织内部各组分累积DEHP能力有明显的差别,而同一植物叶片组织内部各组分累积DEHP能力依次为:细胞壁及未破碎的残渣>细胞可溶性组分>叶绿体>线粒体>核蛋白成分。
DEHP [Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate], the phthalic ester compounds, is a primary plasticizer, which is one of the most widely used synthetic organic compounds and has a larger production in the world. DEHP and plastic components are not combined with covalent chemical bonds, therefore, DEHP can easily releases to environment as well as pollutes air, water and soil. Research has proved that human being and animals cumulate DEHP through several ways such as diet, touching to plastic products and breathing from air, and DEHP has a potential toxicity.
In this paper, we select pot-cultivation experiment to determine the DEHP cumulation ability of 15 different plants using GC/MS detection technology.
The results were as follows: (1) a DEHP determination method based on GC/MS was established. The method was of good separation ability and accuracy. (2) Among the 15 plants, Benincasa hispida leaves showed super strong cumulation ability of DEHP, but there was difference between the species of Benincasa hispida. The cumulation ability of Guangdonghei species was significantly stronger than that of Wuyezao species while Daucus carota, Cucumis Sativi and Brassica pekinensis. Glycine max (L.) Merr., Cucurbita, Momordica charantiap, Lactuca sativa, Capsicum frutescens L., Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. and Ipomoea aquatica showed inferior cumulation ability. Triticum aestivum, Zea mays L. and Solanum Iycopersicum had weaker cumulation ability capacity. Therefore, Benincasa hispida was chosen for the repair of DEHP pollution. (3) The correlation between the stomatal characteristics including stomatal density, stomatal length and width, stomatal pore-aspect ratio and the DEHP cumulation ability of plants was of no significant difference. The characteristics of the guard cells, hair characteristics of the stratum and corneum decoration features by the scanning electron microscope had no significant differences between plants with high cummulation ability and low cummulation ability. (4) It may be inferred that the DEHP cumulation ability of plants was nothing to do with the composition and content of fatty acid. (5) Through reseach of the wax in fifteen different plants. We could initially confirm that DEHP cumulation ability of plants was related to Nonadecanenonadecane, methyl palmitate, 1-octadecene eicosane and 1-eicosenethe in wax components of the fifteen plants. (6) The cumulation ability of DEHP in organs of different plant leaves was of significant difference, and the organs of DEHP cumulation ability in the same plant had a order, cell wall and not broken residue> cell soluble components> chloroplast >mitochondrial> protein ingredients.
本论文选取有机污染物DEHP,通过盆栽试验,利用气相色谱/质谱联机检测技术,在同一条件下研究了15种不同植物对DEHP的吸收累积差异及特异性研究,对阐明DEHP在植物中的累积机理,进而利用植物进行DEHP污染的修复有重要的科学意义
本文所取得的研究结果:(1)建立了一种基于索式提取-GC/MS的DEHP快速检测方法,该方法具有分离效果好、线性范围宽、速度快、定量准确等优点,可用于植物样品中DEHP的快速检测。(2)冬瓜叶中DEHP累积能力最强,但不同品种之间的累积能力也有差别。广东黑皮冬瓜的累积能力明显高于五叶早冬瓜;其次为大白菜、大豆、黄瓜、胡萝卜、莴苣、羊角椒和小麦能力中等且差别不明显,南瓜,玉米、番茄、小麦、丝瓜和苦瓜和空心菜DEHP累积能力较弱。冬瓜有很强的累积DEHP的能力,因此可以采用冬瓜进行DEHP污染的修复。因此可以采用冬瓜进行DEHP污染的修复。(3)气孔器特征(气孔器密度、气孔器长度、气孔器宽度和气孔器长宽比)与植物累积DEHP能力的相关性均不明显;不同植物在扫描电镜下观察气孔器外拱盖内缘的特征、保卫细胞特征、表皮毛特征、角质层纹饰特征有明显的差别,但与植物累积DEHP能力无关。(4)植物累积DEHP能力与脂肪酸的组成及含量无关。(5)通过不同植物表皮蜡质成分的研究,初步推断植物累积DEHP的能力可能与正十九烷、十六酸甲酯、十八烷烯、正二十烷和二十烯这五种蜡质成分有关,呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。(6)不同植物叶片组织内部各组分累积DEHP能力有明显的差别,而同一植物叶片组织内部各组分累积DEHP能力依次为:细胞壁及未破碎的残渣>细胞可溶性组分>叶绿体>线粒体>核蛋白成分。
DEHP [Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate], the phthalic ester compounds, is a primary plasticizer, which is one of the most widely used synthetic organic compounds and has a larger production in the world. DEHP and plastic components are not combined with covalent chemical bonds, therefore, DEHP can easily releases to environment as well as pollutes air, water and soil. Research has proved that human being and animals cumulate DEHP through several ways such as diet, touching to plastic products and breathing from air, and DEHP has a potential toxicity.
In this paper, we select pot-cultivation experiment to determine the DEHP cumulation ability of 15 different plants using GC/MS detection technology.
The results were as follows: (1) a DEHP determination method based on GC/MS was established. The method was of good separation ability and accuracy. (2) Among the 15 plants, Benincasa hispida leaves showed super strong cumulation ability of DEHP, but there was difference between the species of Benincasa hispida. The cumulation ability of Guangdonghei species was significantly stronger than that of Wuyezao species while Daucus carota, Cucumis Sativi and Brassica pekinensis. Glycine max (L.) Merr., Cucurbita, Momordica charantiap, Lactuca sativa, Capsicum frutescens L., Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem. and Ipomoea aquatica showed inferior cumulation ability. Triticum aestivum, Zea mays L. and Solanum Iycopersicum had weaker cumulation ability capacity. Therefore, Benincasa hispida was chosen for the repair of DEHP pollution. (3) The correlation between the stomatal characteristics including stomatal density, stomatal length and width, stomatal pore-aspect ratio and the DEHP cumulation ability of plants was of no significant difference. The characteristics of the guard cells, hair characteristics of the stratum and corneum decoration features by the scanning electron microscope had no significant differences between plants with high cummulation ability and low cummulation ability. (4) It may be inferred that the DEHP cumulation ability of plants was nothing to do with the composition and content of fatty acid. (5) Through reseach of the wax in fifteen different plants. We could initially confirm that DEHP cumulation ability of plants was related to Nonadecanenonadecane, methyl palmitate, 1-octadecene eicosane and 1-eicosenethe in wax components of the fifteen plants. (6) The cumulation ability of DEHP in organs of different plant leaves was of significant difference, and the organs of DEHP cumulation ability in the same plant had a order, cell wall and not broken residue> cell soluble components> chloroplast >mitochondrial> protein ingredients.
引文
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