微生物对粉煤灰的改良及采煤塌陷地复垦的生态效应
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摘要
随着我国经济、能源行业的快速发展,粉煤灰的污染治理已经成为了能源行业面临的重要问题。利用微生物技术对粉煤灰基质进行改良,对粉煤灰堆放场进行原位修复,加速植被恢复,是改善堆放场生态环境一个重要途径。神东煤矿是我国特大型煤田之一,大规模的开采,造成了大面积的采空塌陷区,对当地脆弱的生态环境带来严重的破坏。
通过人为接种微生物,利用微生物和植物根际的生命活动,挖掘废弃物的潜在肥力,加速其向有利于生态重建的方向转化,有益于人与自然界生态系统的和谐发展。本论文的研究内容及获得的主要结果包括以下几个方面:
1从京郊菜园土中分离得到一株菌株,初步鉴定为胶质芽孢杆菌,经驯化后其在粉煤灰基质中的释钾率可达27%。不但能显著提高粉煤灰基质中速效钾含量,而且明显降低了基质的pH。并对该菌株的生理生化特性和不同施菌量对粉煤灰释钾效果的影响进行了研究,以5%接菌量最好。
2通过盆栽试验种植紫花苜蓿,比较筛选出的解钾菌株对粉煤灰的改良作用及其对植物生长的影响。以中科院买来的菌株Bacillus mucilaginasus为对照,经过在粉煤灰基质中的驯化培养,结果表明,筛选出的菌株C6对粉煤灰中速效钾的释放效果最明显,降低了基质pH,显著地促进了植物的生长。
3通过两室盆栽试验对筛选出来的释钾菌及本实验室保存的解磷细菌与丛枝菌根和根瘤菌(中国农科院提供)的协同作用对植物生长及粉煤灰基质的影响实验。结果表明,释钾菌+菌根+解磷菌、释钾菌+菌根+解磷菌+根瘤菌的微生物组合处理的植物的生物量有了明显提高,促进了粉煤灰基质的有效磷、钾的释放,降低了基质的pH。
4通过两室盆栽试验,研究了微生物的联合作用对基质及植株重金属的影响。结果表明,所有非接种菌根处理的丝室基质重金属浓度均显著高于根室。接菌根处理的植株地上部分重金属浓度均高于非接种菌根处理。所有非接种菌根处理的地下部分的重金属浓度明显高于地上部分。接种菌根处理的地下部分除Zn外,均低于非接种菌根处理。研究发现,只有适宜的微生物组合才能有效促进植株对重金属的吸收。微生物联合技术的运用为研究粉煤灰重金属污染的修复开辟了新的途径。
5通过在沉陷区建立微生物复垦基地,对接种菌根的间作向日葵+蚕豆+M与非接种菌根的间作向日葵+蚕豆CK、单播向日葵CK及单播蚕豆CK的生态效应进行了研究。结果显示,接种菌根的间作小区里向日葵的产量、株高、花盘直径、茎粗、籽粒饱满度都有了明显的提高,接种菌根后,菌根侵染率及根际菌丝长度远远高于对照。
As China's economy and energy industry development, fly ash has become the important environmental issue in energy industry. There is an important way to use of microbial technology to improve the matrix of fly ash, to repair fly ash dumps in situ, to speed up the restoration of vegetation, to improve the ecological environment dumps. Shendong Coal Mine is one of China's super-sized coal mines. However, the large-scale exploitation leading to a wide range of ground subsidence and the fragile ecological environment has been severely damaged. Seeking the potential fertility of wastes and accelerating their transformation to ecological reconstruction through the life activities of the rhizosphere and artificial inoculation of microbes are beneficial to the sustainable development of ecosystems.
The main objectives and results obtained are listed as follows:
1 One strain selected from the garden soil of Beijing suburbs. It release available K rate is 27.2% after domesticated in coal fly ash. It not only can significantly improve the fly ash available K content, but also significantly reduces the fly ash pH. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain and the effects of additive bacteria amount to available K content were studied. Tests showed that bacteria in 5% are the best effective volume.
2 Two strains had been selected from soil and one bought strain Bacillus mucilaginasus. They can release K+ from the fly ash in the laboratory. A pot experiment was carried out to study the ecological effects of the potsssium-dissolving strain on coal fly ash. The results showed that one strain named C6 can improve plant growth, release potassium, decrease pH significantly.
3 A two rooms pot culture experiment was carried out to study the combined effects of micro-organisms on plant growth and the impact of fly ash matrix by use phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Potassium-dissolving bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium. Studies have shown that some micro-organisms combined can improve plant dry weight significantly, improved matrix available phosphorus and potassium content, and reducing the matrix pH.
4 Through two rooms pot culture experiment to study the impact of heavy metal elements on plant and fly ash matrix by use phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Potassium-dissolving bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium. The results show that, the heavy metal elements concentration of root room matrix is significantly higher than hyphae room. The metal elements concentration of stem leaf with mycorrhizal treatmentss is higher than other treatmentss. The root heavy metal elements concentration is significantly higher than stem leaf. The mycorrhizal treatmentss root heavy metal elements concentration is lower than other microbial treatmentss except Zn. The study found that only the appropriate combination of micro-organisms treatmentss can effectively promote the absorption of heavy metals elements by plant.
5 One micro-organisms reclamation base has been established to study the ecological effects in mixed sowing sunflower with fava bean, non-inoculated sunflower, broad bean, non-inoculated fava bean. Compared with the control, in inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi mixed sowing sunflower with fava bean, sunflower yield, plant height, faceplate diameter, stem base, seed plumpness improve Significantly. Infection rate of plant is over 80% and hyphal length is much greater than control.
通过人为接种微生物,利用微生物和植物根际的生命活动,挖掘废弃物的潜在肥力,加速其向有利于生态重建的方向转化,有益于人与自然界生态系统的和谐发展。本论文的研究内容及获得的主要结果包括以下几个方面:
1从京郊菜园土中分离得到一株菌株,初步鉴定为胶质芽孢杆菌,经驯化后其在粉煤灰基质中的释钾率可达27%。不但能显著提高粉煤灰基质中速效钾含量,而且明显降低了基质的pH。并对该菌株的生理生化特性和不同施菌量对粉煤灰释钾效果的影响进行了研究,以5%接菌量最好。
2通过盆栽试验种植紫花苜蓿,比较筛选出的解钾菌株对粉煤灰的改良作用及其对植物生长的影响。以中科院买来的菌株Bacillus mucilaginasus为对照,经过在粉煤灰基质中的驯化培养,结果表明,筛选出的菌株C6对粉煤灰中速效钾的释放效果最明显,降低了基质pH,显著地促进了植物的生长。
3通过两室盆栽试验对筛选出来的释钾菌及本实验室保存的解磷细菌与丛枝菌根和根瘤菌(中国农科院提供)的协同作用对植物生长及粉煤灰基质的影响实验。结果表明,释钾菌+菌根+解磷菌、释钾菌+菌根+解磷菌+根瘤菌的微生物组合处理的植物的生物量有了明显提高,促进了粉煤灰基质的有效磷、钾的释放,降低了基质的pH。
4通过两室盆栽试验,研究了微生物的联合作用对基质及植株重金属的影响。结果表明,所有非接种菌根处理的丝室基质重金属浓度均显著高于根室。接菌根处理的植株地上部分重金属浓度均高于非接种菌根处理。所有非接种菌根处理的地下部分的重金属浓度明显高于地上部分。接种菌根处理的地下部分除Zn外,均低于非接种菌根处理。研究发现,只有适宜的微生物组合才能有效促进植株对重金属的吸收。微生物联合技术的运用为研究粉煤灰重金属污染的修复开辟了新的途径。
5通过在沉陷区建立微生物复垦基地,对接种菌根的间作向日葵+蚕豆+M与非接种菌根的间作向日葵+蚕豆CK、单播向日葵CK及单播蚕豆CK的生态效应进行了研究。结果显示,接种菌根的间作小区里向日葵的产量、株高、花盘直径、茎粗、籽粒饱满度都有了明显的提高,接种菌根后,菌根侵染率及根际菌丝长度远远高于对照。
As China's economy and energy industry development, fly ash has become the important environmental issue in energy industry. There is an important way to use of microbial technology to improve the matrix of fly ash, to repair fly ash dumps in situ, to speed up the restoration of vegetation, to improve the ecological environment dumps. Shendong Coal Mine is one of China's super-sized coal mines. However, the large-scale exploitation leading to a wide range of ground subsidence and the fragile ecological environment has been severely damaged. Seeking the potential fertility of wastes and accelerating their transformation to ecological reconstruction through the life activities of the rhizosphere and artificial inoculation of microbes are beneficial to the sustainable development of ecosystems.
The main objectives and results obtained are listed as follows:
1 One strain selected from the garden soil of Beijing suburbs. It release available K rate is 27.2% after domesticated in coal fly ash. It not only can significantly improve the fly ash available K content, but also significantly reduces the fly ash pH. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of strain and the effects of additive bacteria amount to available K content were studied. Tests showed that bacteria in 5% are the best effective volume.
2 Two strains had been selected from soil and one bought strain Bacillus mucilaginasus. They can release K+ from the fly ash in the laboratory. A pot experiment was carried out to study the ecological effects of the potsssium-dissolving strain on coal fly ash. The results showed that one strain named C6 can improve plant growth, release potassium, decrease pH significantly.
3 A two rooms pot culture experiment was carried out to study the combined effects of micro-organisms on plant growth and the impact of fly ash matrix by use phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Potassium-dissolving bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium. Studies have shown that some micro-organisms combined can improve plant dry weight significantly, improved matrix available phosphorus and potassium content, and reducing the matrix pH.
4 Through two rooms pot culture experiment to study the impact of heavy metal elements on plant and fly ash matrix by use phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Potassium-dissolving bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium. The results show that, the heavy metal elements concentration of root room matrix is significantly higher than hyphae room. The metal elements concentration of stem leaf with mycorrhizal treatmentss is higher than other treatmentss. The root heavy metal elements concentration is significantly higher than stem leaf. The mycorrhizal treatmentss root heavy metal elements concentration is lower than other microbial treatmentss except Zn. The study found that only the appropriate combination of micro-organisms treatmentss can effectively promote the absorption of heavy metals elements by plant.
5 One micro-organisms reclamation base has been established to study the ecological effects in mixed sowing sunflower with fava bean, non-inoculated sunflower, broad bean, non-inoculated fava bean. Compared with the control, in inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi mixed sowing sunflower with fava bean, sunflower yield, plant height, faceplate diameter, stem base, seed plumpness improve Significantly. Infection rate of plant is over 80% and hyphal length is much greater than control.
引文
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