河南新密密玉省级矿山公园总体规划布局的理论与实践研究
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摘要
改革开放以来,为了经济建设的快速发展,对矿产资源的需求越来越大,部分矿山存在“重开发、轻保护”的思想,在一味追求经济效益的同时淡化了环境保护意识,导致我国矿山环境不断恶化。后来随着可持续发展战略的提出,由矿产资源开发所带来的环境问题逐渐引起社会的关注。同时,矿山关闭后,也形成富有特色的矿业遗迹景观,为了对矿山开采破坏的环境进行治理和对矿业遗迹进行保护,建成集教学、生态和旅游等多功能的矿山公园是这一思想的最好体现,矿山公园达到了科普旅游和景观旅游的完美结合,将有力地促进我国矿业遗迹景观资源的保护工作和矿业城市的转型,加快矿业城市经济结构的调整步伐,促进我国矿业旅游的发展。本文以河南新密密玉省级矿山公园为例,在理论知识和实践经验的基础上,对矿山公园的科学规划和矿业遗迹的开发以及保护进行了综合分析和详细研究。
本文从生态景观学的角度出发,对矿山公园的规划布局进行了理论探讨,在实地考察的基础上,以突出矿业遗迹特色和体现科学研究价值为主导,并结合新密市自然与人文景观特点,以科学发展观为指导思想,对新密密玉省级矿山公园进行了总体规划设计。总体规划的设计方针为:以矿业遗迹为主线,结合其它自然景观和人文景观,公园将建成以“玉石之路”矿业遗迹保护区为主体的矿业遗迹群,以伏羲大峡谷为主体的山水风光景区和以助泉寺庙、助泉寺生态村为主体的人文风景区的总体格局。在总体规划的基础上,详细研究了重要矿业遗迹保护规划、矿山公园园林景观生态建设规划、矿山公园博物馆规划、环境治理和生态恢复规划等建设矿山公园的详细规划。在矿山公园的规划中,融入景观生态设计的理念,使各部分详细规划互相融合,达到矿业遗迹景观、森林景观、山体景观、峡谷景观、植被景观和人文景观的相互配置。分析指出建设矿山公园有助于促进矿业区“生态—经济—社会”复合系统的健康持续发展。
本文通过对新密密玉省级矿山公园的理论和实践经验研究,将为重点矿业遗迹保护,促进矿业旅游资源的发展,普及矿业科普知识,保护公园的生态资源,构建和谐矿山探寻一条新道路。对以后矿山公园的建设和旅游景观的规划提供重要的理论基础和实践建设经验。
Since the reform and opening up, for the rapid development of economic construction, the demand of mineral resources is more and more big, there is the thought of "heavy development, light protection" in part of mine, in blindly seek economic benefits while weakened the environmental protection consciousness, so our country’s mine environment is deteriorating. Then with the sustainable development strategy was proposed, the environmental problems by mineral resources development gradually cause social concern. Meanwhile, the distinctive landscape of mining remains is formed after mines closed. In order to manage the environment destroyed by mining process and protect mining remains, construction of Mine Park is the best embodiment of this idea, a set of teaching, eco-tourism and other multi-functional tourism areas were build, reached the perfect combination of the popular science tourism and landscape tourism.
Development of the mining park will effectively promote the resources conservation work of landscape of mining remains and the transformation of mining cities in our country, speed up the adjustment pace of economic structure of mining cities, promote the development of mining industry tourism in our country. In this paper, take the Mi Yu Provincial Mine Park in Xinmi city Henan province for example, with theoretical knowledge and practical experience as the foundation, this paper conducted a comprehensive analysis and detailed study for the scientific planning of mine park and exploitation and protection for mining remains.
From the perspective of Landscape Ecology, the layout of mine park were discussed theoretically in this paper.Based on the investigation, the leading factor of this article is to highlight mining remains feature and reflect scientific research value. Combined with natural and humanistic landscape characteristics in the city of Xinmi, the paper puts overall plan for provincial mining park of Xinmi. Overall planning design guidelines: With mining remains as the main subject, combined with other natural landscape and man-made landscape, the park will be built into the mining remains group that with the "road to jade" mining remains reserves as the main subject, meanwhile, the park will be built into scenic landscapes with the Fu Xi Grand Canyon as the main subject and the park will be built into the overall situation of the humanities scenic spot that with Zhu Quan temple and Zhu Quan ecological village as the main subject. On the basis of the overall planning, this article studied the detailed planning of the building mine park including important mining heritage conservation planning, ecological landscape park mine planning, mining museum park planning, environmental management and ecological restoration planning. In mining park planning, this article embraced the concept of ecological landscape design, made the convergence of each part detailed planning, so achieved the mutual configuration of mining remains landscape, forest landscape, mountain landscape, canyon landscape, vegetation landscape and humanistic landscape. Analysis shows that the construction of the mining garden promotes the sustainable development of the "ecological - economy - society" composite system in mining areas.
In the study of theory and practice of mine park, this paper will explore a new road for mining heritage protection, promoting the development of mining tourism resources, popularizing mining scientific knowledge, protecting the park's ecological resources and building a harmonious mine. This paper provides important theoretical basis and practical construction experience for the construction of the mine park and landscape planning.
本文从生态景观学的角度出发,对矿山公园的规划布局进行了理论探讨,在实地考察的基础上,以突出矿业遗迹特色和体现科学研究价值为主导,并结合新密市自然与人文景观特点,以科学发展观为指导思想,对新密密玉省级矿山公园进行了总体规划设计。总体规划的设计方针为:以矿业遗迹为主线,结合其它自然景观和人文景观,公园将建成以“玉石之路”矿业遗迹保护区为主体的矿业遗迹群,以伏羲大峡谷为主体的山水风光景区和以助泉寺庙、助泉寺生态村为主体的人文风景区的总体格局。在总体规划的基础上,详细研究了重要矿业遗迹保护规划、矿山公园园林景观生态建设规划、矿山公园博物馆规划、环境治理和生态恢复规划等建设矿山公园的详细规划。在矿山公园的规划中,融入景观生态设计的理念,使各部分详细规划互相融合,达到矿业遗迹景观、森林景观、山体景观、峡谷景观、植被景观和人文景观的相互配置。分析指出建设矿山公园有助于促进矿业区“生态—经济—社会”复合系统的健康持续发展。
本文通过对新密密玉省级矿山公园的理论和实践经验研究,将为重点矿业遗迹保护,促进矿业旅游资源的发展,普及矿业科普知识,保护公园的生态资源,构建和谐矿山探寻一条新道路。对以后矿山公园的建设和旅游景观的规划提供重要的理论基础和实践建设经验。
Since the reform and opening up, for the rapid development of economic construction, the demand of mineral resources is more and more big, there is the thought of "heavy development, light protection" in part of mine, in blindly seek economic benefits while weakened the environmental protection consciousness, so our country’s mine environment is deteriorating. Then with the sustainable development strategy was proposed, the environmental problems by mineral resources development gradually cause social concern. Meanwhile, the distinctive landscape of mining remains is formed after mines closed. In order to manage the environment destroyed by mining process and protect mining remains, construction of Mine Park is the best embodiment of this idea, a set of teaching, eco-tourism and other multi-functional tourism areas were build, reached the perfect combination of the popular science tourism and landscape tourism.
Development of the mining park will effectively promote the resources conservation work of landscape of mining remains and the transformation of mining cities in our country, speed up the adjustment pace of economic structure of mining cities, promote the development of mining industry tourism in our country. In this paper, take the Mi Yu Provincial Mine Park in Xinmi city Henan province for example, with theoretical knowledge and practical experience as the foundation, this paper conducted a comprehensive analysis and detailed study for the scientific planning of mine park and exploitation and protection for mining remains.
From the perspective of Landscape Ecology, the layout of mine park were discussed theoretically in this paper.Based on the investigation, the leading factor of this article is to highlight mining remains feature and reflect scientific research value. Combined with natural and humanistic landscape characteristics in the city of Xinmi, the paper puts overall plan for provincial mining park of Xinmi. Overall planning design guidelines: With mining remains as the main subject, combined with other natural landscape and man-made landscape, the park will be built into the mining remains group that with the "road to jade" mining remains reserves as the main subject, meanwhile, the park will be built into scenic landscapes with the Fu Xi Grand Canyon as the main subject and the park will be built into the overall situation of the humanities scenic spot that with Zhu Quan temple and Zhu Quan ecological village as the main subject. On the basis of the overall planning, this article studied the detailed planning of the building mine park including important mining heritage conservation planning, ecological landscape park mine planning, mining museum park planning, environmental management and ecological restoration planning. In mining park planning, this article embraced the concept of ecological landscape design, made the convergence of each part detailed planning, so achieved the mutual configuration of mining remains landscape, forest landscape, mountain landscape, canyon landscape, vegetation landscape and humanistic landscape. Analysis shows that the construction of the mining garden promotes the sustainable development of the "ecological - economy - society" composite system in mining areas.
In the study of theory and practice of mine park, this paper will explore a new road for mining heritage protection, promoting the development of mining tourism resources, popularizing mining scientific knowledge, protecting the park's ecological resources and building a harmonious mine. This paper provides important theoretical basis and practical construction experience for the construction of the mine park and landscape planning.
引文
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——以山东兖矿集团煤矸石山绿化为例[J].中国园林,2006(3):57-63.
何原荣,李丰生,朱晓媚等.2007.中国矿山公园建设及其生态学意义之思考[J].资源环境与工程, 21(2):212-215.
侯万荣.2005.略论矿业遗迹的开发和矿山公园的建设[J].中国国土资源经济, 37-38.
李军,胡晶.2007.矿业遗迹的保护与利用——以黄石国家矿山公园大冶铁矿主园区规划设计为例[J].规划师. 23(11):45-48.
李明路,姜建军.2000.论中国的地质遗迹及其保护[J].中国地质, 277(6):31-34.
李晓琴. 2002.地质公园规划若干问题探讨——以龙门山国家地质公园彭州园区为例[J].四川地质学报, 22(1):43-46.
刘超良,宋利睿,彭智博. 2009.河南新密密玉地质特征及成矿因素浅探[J].四川地质学报, 29(3):281-283.
刘凤民,刘海青,张立海,张业成.2006.矿山公园建设现状与发展建议[J].中国国土资源经济.
卢云亭.2001.生态旅游与可持续旅游发展[J].经济地理,16(1):106-112.
骆天庆.2000.近现代西方景园生态设计思想的发展[J].中国园林,2000 (3): 81-83.
毛学翠.2003.地质公园建设与旅游资源开发探析[J ].资源·产业, 5 (4) :1 -12.
牟永峰,弓弼,李皓.2009.矿山公园规划与建设研究[J].西北林学院学报24(5):204-208
倪琪,谢艳平.2006.矿业遗迹保护研究——以浙江遂昌金矿国家矿山公园为例[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 16(2):133-136.
欧阳纯烈,陈洪德,朱创业. 2008.矿山公园实例、特征及建设意义探讨[J].地质学报, 28(1):48-52.
彭永祥,吴成基.2006.地质遗迹资源保护与利用协调性评价——以陕西省为例[J].资源科学, 28(1):192-197.
任海,彭少麟,陆宏芳.2004.退化生态系统恢复与恢复生态学[J].生态学报, 24(8): 1761-1762.
戎贵文,魏文礼,杨雅琴.2008.试论矿山公园的发展对策及其特殊功能[J].矿业工程, 6(5):9-11
孙庆先,胡振琪.2003.中国矿业的环境影响及可持续发展[J].中国矿业, 12(7):23-26.
孙顺利,周科平.2007.矿区生态环境恢复分析[J].矿业研究与开发, 27 (5):78-81.
田贺.2002.谈矿区景观生态规划[J].煤炭与环境, 69-70.
王同文,田明中.2007.中国国家矿山公园建设的问题与对策研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2007(2):76-78
王永生.2005.对矿山公园建设相关问题的探讨[J],国土资源,2005(2):21
王幸福,蒋文琼.2005.绿化造林改善煤矸石山环境效应的研究[J].海河水利,2005 (5) :57-59.
吴军,石峰.2005.基于可持续发展的旅游景观设计[J].社会科学家,2005(4):119-121.
赵汀,赵逊.2005.世界地质遗迹保护和地质公园建设的现状和展望[J].地质论评,51(3):301-308.
赵鹏大.2004.地球科学的新使命——认知和发现非传统矿产资源[J]《地球物理学进展》,2001(4):127-132.
赵晓英,孙成权.1998.恢复生态学及其发展[J].地球科学进展, 13(5):474-479.
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