基于中压电力线的配电自动化通信系统研究——子站系统
|
摘要
随着我国国民经济的飞速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高，对电力的需求越来越大，对电力的依赖越来越强，用电用户对供电质量和供电可靠性的要求也越来越高。然而现实是我国大部分中低压电网结构不合理，设备陈旧，电网故障时有发生；而且供电能力不足，电能质量得不到保证，断电现象比较频繁。为了解决这一矛盾，我国正在进行大面积的城市电网改造工程。城市电网改造包括两部分内容：首先是加强对城市配电网结构的改造，其次是通过实现配电自动化来大幅度提高配电系统的运行管理水平。只有进行城市电网改造，逐步实现配电自动化，才有可能提高我国的供电质量和供电可靠性水平。
配电自动化是对配电网上的设备进行远方实时监视、协调及控制的一个集成系统。逐步实现配电自动化是大势所趋。国外发达国家早已经开始逐步实现配电自动化了。配电自动化的通信系统是实现配电自动化的基础保证，只有建设好一个可靠、高速、经济的配电自动化通信系统，才有可能实现配电网的全面自动化。
基于上述背景，本文旨在研究配电自动化的通信系统。配电自动化通信系统有多种通信方式，我们选择了最适合配电自动化的通信方式一配电线通信，即基于10kV／6kV中压电力线的通信方式。由于采用配电线通信方式，在描述中压配电线通道特性的基础上，本文比较了电力线高速数据通信的两种可能解决方案--扩频通信和OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，正交频分复用)技术，同时也比较分析了几种常用的MAC层协议。最后得出适合于中压配电网的调制技术--OFDM技术和MAC层协议--CSMA／CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance，带冲突避免的载波侦听多重访问)。本文以中压电力线为通信媒质，运用先进的PowerPacket技术，完成通信系统子站部分的软硬件设计。在具体设计中，以Intellon公司的集成电力线MAC／PHY收发器INT51X1和WINBOND公司的W90N740微处理器为核心研制通信终端，在中压电力线上实现高速数据传输，取得了较为理想的成果。
With the development of economy and rise in people's living standard, the demand for power increases more and more. The degree of that people are dependent on power becomes deeper and deeper. The quality and reliability of supplying power also become more and more important. However, middle voltage and low voltage power network structure in most areas is not reasonable. The equipments are out of date. Something wrong often happen. And the supply is not sufficient. The quality of power is not satisfied. The circumstances of breaking off often appear. For solving the mention above, we are proceeddmg city power network reform. City power network reform has two sides. One is that reforming city distribution network structure. The other one is that improving distribution system management level by realizing distribution automation. Only by reforming city power network and realizing distribution automation step by step, the improvement of the quality and reliability of supplying power could become true.
Distribution automation is an integrated system that real-time keep an eye on, coordinate and control the equipments in distribution network. Developed countries have begun to realize distribution automation step by step. Distribution automation communication system is the foundation of realizing distribution automation. Only by developing a reliable, effective and economical distribution automation communication system, distribution network can realize automation completely.
Because of the mentioned reason above, this paper studies distribution automation communication system based on middle voltage power line. Distribution automation communication system has many ways of communication. We choose the best of all- distribution line communication. After the characteristics of middle voltage power line are described, the paper introduces two possible solutions of high-speed data communication -spread-frequency modulation and OFDM. The paper analyses some MAC protocols too. To conclude, OFDM and CSMA/CA are fit for middle voltage distribution network by comparing with both advantages and disadvantages. Based on middle power line and using PowerPacket technology, the paper presents the design of sub-station of communication system to realize high-speed data communication. The cores of the design are INT51X1 of Intellon Co. and W90N740 of WINBOND Co. It runs sound in the middle voltage power line.
配电自动化是对配电网上的设备进行远方实时监视、协调及控制的一个集成系统。逐步实现配电自动化是大势所趋。国外发达国家早已经开始逐步实现配电自动化了。配电自动化的通信系统是实现配电自动化的基础保证，只有建设好一个可靠、高速、经济的配电自动化通信系统，才有可能实现配电网的全面自动化。
基于上述背景，本文旨在研究配电自动化的通信系统。配电自动化通信系统有多种通信方式，我们选择了最适合配电自动化的通信方式一配电线通信，即基于10kV／6kV中压电力线的通信方式。由于采用配电线通信方式，在描述中压配电线通道特性的基础上，本文比较了电力线高速数据通信的两种可能解决方案--扩频通信和OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing，正交频分复用)技术，同时也比较分析了几种常用的MAC层协议。最后得出适合于中压配电网的调制技术--OFDM技术和MAC层协议--CSMA／CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance，带冲突避免的载波侦听多重访问)。本文以中压电力线为通信媒质，运用先进的PowerPacket技术，完成通信系统子站部分的软硬件设计。在具体设计中，以Intellon公司的集成电力线MAC／PHY收发器INT51X1和WINBOND公司的W90N740微处理器为核心研制通信终端，在中压电力线上实现高速数据传输，取得了较为理想的成果。
With the development of economy and rise in people's living standard, the demand for power increases more and more. The degree of that people are dependent on power becomes deeper and deeper. The quality and reliability of supplying power also become more and more important. However, middle voltage and low voltage power network structure in most areas is not reasonable. The equipments are out of date. Something wrong often happen. And the supply is not sufficient. The quality of power is not satisfied. The circumstances of breaking off often appear. For solving the mention above, we are proceeddmg city power network reform. City power network reform has two sides. One is that reforming city distribution network structure. The other one is that improving distribution system management level by realizing distribution automation. Only by reforming city power network and realizing distribution automation step by step, the improvement of the quality and reliability of supplying power could become true.
Distribution automation is an integrated system that real-time keep an eye on, coordinate and control the equipments in distribution network. Developed countries have begun to realize distribution automation step by step. Distribution automation communication system is the foundation of realizing distribution automation. Only by developing a reliable, effective and economical distribution automation communication system, distribution network can realize automation completely.
Because of the mentioned reason above, this paper studies distribution automation communication system based on middle voltage power line. Distribution automation communication system has many ways of communication. We choose the best of all- distribution line communication. After the characteristics of middle voltage power line are described, the paper introduces two possible solutions of high-speed data communication -spread-frequency modulation and OFDM. The paper analyses some MAC protocols too. To conclude, OFDM and CSMA/CA are fit for middle voltage distribution network by comparing with both advantages and disadvantages. Based on middle power line and using PowerPacket technology, the paper presents the design of sub-station of communication system to realize high-speed data communication. The cores of the design are INT51X1 of Intellon Co. and W90N740 of WINBOND Co. It runs sound in the middle voltage power line.
引文
[1]刘健，倪建立，邓永辉．配电自动化系统．北京：中国水利水电出版社．1999
[2]梅登华，胡敏强，郑建勇，秦申蓓．配电网载波通信系统的实现．电网技术．2001(7)
[3]梅剑平，全子一．正交频分复用(OFDM)及其在高速数字通信中的应用．电信科学．1995(4)
[4]赵亚红，李伟华，吴伟陵．正交多载波调制(OFDM)技术及其应用．电讯技术．2001(1)
[5]李斯伟，张建超．正交频分复用(OFDM)的原理及应用．中国民航学院月报．1999(5)
[6]焦邵华，刘万顺，郑卫文等．配电网载波通信的衰耗分析．电力系统自动化．2000(4)
[7]ClarkD. Powerline Communication: Finally Ready for Prime Time IEEE Internet Computing, 1998(1)
[8]刘华玲，张保会，刘海涛．扩频通信、OFDM调制技术及其在电力线通信中的应用分析．继电器．2001(11)
[9]杨扬．快速发展的低压电力线载波技术及其应用展望．浙江电力．2002(4)
[10]姚轶，邵单力．利用OFDM技术在低压电力线上实现数据高速传输．电力系统自动化．2001(15)
[11]汤效军．电力线载波通信技术的发展及特点．电力系统通信．2003(1)
[12]陈长德，刘海涛，张保会．OFDM调制技术在宽带高速电力线通信中的应用．电力系统自动化．2001(9)
[13]吴昕等．高速低压电力载波线通信中的正交频分复用技术．继电器．2001(10)
[14]刘华玲，张保会，刘海涛．配电网高速载波通信耦合技术．西安交通大学学报．2003(2)
[15]李艳龙，陈维千．在城市10KV配网上实现载波通信．电力系统通信．2001(3)
[16]Bingham JAC. Multicarrier Modulation for Data Transmission: An Idea Whose Time has Come. IEEE Commun Magazine. 1990(5)
[17]Tourtier PJ. Monnier R. Multicarrier Modem for Digital HDTV Terrestrial Broadcasting. Signal Processing: Image Commum. 1993(5)
[18]汪晓岩，孙荣久．配电网宽带数字通信设备研制．电力系统通信．2003(1)
[19]谭文恕．关于配电自动化系统的传输规约．电力系统自动化．1999(8)
[20]李引新，赵姚同．正交频分多路(OFDM)的实现方式及性能分析．电讯技术．1998(6)
[21]毛婕，高强等．基于OFDM的电力线数据传输通信系统．华北电力大学学报．2002(4)
[22]汪晓岩，易浩勇，樊昊等．OFDM技术及其在电力线通信的应用．电力系统通信．2001(12)
[23]汪晓岩，樊昊．基于OFDM技术的电力线通信系统的MATLAB模拟．电力系统通信．2002(2)
[24]张峻峰．正交频分复用(OFDM)调制技术．天津通信技术．1998(6)
[25]高焕英，胡小洪．正交频分复用技术研究与实现．无线电通信技术．2002(2)
[26]Tellambura C. Use of m-sequences for OFDM peak-to-average power ratio reduction. Electronic. Letters. 1997,Vol. 33
[27]JI Hong, TONG Xue-jian, YUE Guang-xin. M-Sequence for Reducing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in PTS-OFDM Systems, The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications. 2002,Vol.9
[28]王秉钧，孙学军，王少勇，田宝玉．现代通信系统原理．天津大学出版社．1999
[29]王兴亮，达新宇，林家薇，王瑜．数字通信原理与技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．2000
[30]赵渊，沈智健．基于TCP／IP的IEC60870-5-104远动规约在电力系统中的应用．电网技术．2003(10)
[31]张建设，马维青，郭晋洋．IEC6875-5-104协议在远动通信中的应用．电力系统自动化．2003(6)
[32]傅延增，张海林，王育民．正交频分复用中的符号同步技术．西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版)．2000(6)
[33]http://www.wi-lan.com
[34]INT51X1 chipset http://www.intellon.com
[35]W90N740 microcontroller http://www.winbond.com.cn
[36]A.G.Burr and P.A.Brown, Application of OFDM to Powerline Telecommunications [A]. Proceedings of the 3th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications. Lancaster, UK, April, 1999
[37]L.H-J.Lampe and J.B.Huber. Bandwidth Efficient Power Line Communications Based on OFDM [J].International Journal of Electronics, (1), January 2000
[38]Langfeld P.and Dostert K.OFDM System Synchronization for Powerline Communications [A].Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications. Limerick, Ireland ,April 5th-7th, 2000:15-22
[39]Stantcheva, M., Begain, K.Hransnica, H.Lehnert, R.Suitable MAC Protocols for an OFDM Based PLC Network [A].Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications. Limerick, Ireland, April 5th-7th, 2000
[40]梁玉泉．低压电力线通信技术的发展及应用．电力系统通信．2001(6)
[41]林功平，徐石明，罗剑波．配电自动化终端技术分析，电力系统自动化．2003(6)
[42]Joseph Nguimbis，熊兰，程时杰等．电力线正交频分复用通信专用耦合电路的设计与实现．电力系统自动化．2003(11)
[43]刘晨．配网自动化系统的通信方案设计．电力系统通信．2003(10)
[44]唐琳．配电自动化通信系统的设计与实现．电力系统通信．2003(12)
[45]娄为．载波技术在配电网自动化系统中的应用．电力自动化设备．2000(8)
[46]杨奇逊，秦立军，焦邵华．配电自动化设备及功能．电力系统自动化．2003(2)
[47]李晓君，张伟明，林大明．低压配电线宽带通信技术．电力系统通信．2003(4)
[48]林功平．配电自动化与10KV智能开关．电力系统自动化．2002(6)
[49]李驹光，聂雪媛，江泽明．ARM应用系统开放详解——基于S3C4510B的系统设计．清华大学出版社．2003(12)
[50]曹惠彬．电力线通信(PLC)技术综述．电力系统通信．2004(1)
[51]邹志威，陈启美，左雯．跻身未来的电力线通信(一)回顾与展望．电力系统自动化．2003(2)
[2]梅登华，胡敏强，郑建勇，秦申蓓．配电网载波通信系统的实现．电网技术．2001(7)
[3]梅剑平，全子一．正交频分复用(OFDM)及其在高速数字通信中的应用．电信科学．1995(4)
[4]赵亚红，李伟华，吴伟陵．正交多载波调制(OFDM)技术及其应用．电讯技术．2001(1)
[5]李斯伟，张建超．正交频分复用(OFDM)的原理及应用．中国民航学院月报．1999(5)
[6]焦邵华，刘万顺，郑卫文等．配电网载波通信的衰耗分析．电力系统自动化．2000(4)
[7]ClarkD. Powerline Communication: Finally Ready for Prime Time IEEE Internet Computing, 1998(1)
[8]刘华玲，张保会，刘海涛．扩频通信、OFDM调制技术及其在电力线通信中的应用分析．继电器．2001(11)
[9]杨扬．快速发展的低压电力线载波技术及其应用展望．浙江电力．2002(4)
[10]姚轶，邵单力．利用OFDM技术在低压电力线上实现数据高速传输．电力系统自动化．2001(15)
[11]汤效军．电力线载波通信技术的发展及特点．电力系统通信．2003(1)
[12]陈长德，刘海涛，张保会．OFDM调制技术在宽带高速电力线通信中的应用．电力系统自动化．2001(9)
[13]吴昕等．高速低压电力载波线通信中的正交频分复用技术．继电器．2001(10)
[14]刘华玲，张保会，刘海涛．配电网高速载波通信耦合技术．西安交通大学学报．2003(2)
[15]李艳龙，陈维千．在城市10KV配网上实现载波通信．电力系统通信．2001(3)
[16]Bingham JAC. Multicarrier Modulation for Data Transmission: An Idea Whose Time has Come. IEEE Commun Magazine. 1990(5)
[17]Tourtier PJ. Monnier R. Multicarrier Modem for Digital HDTV Terrestrial Broadcasting. Signal Processing: Image Commum. 1993(5)
[18]汪晓岩，孙荣久．配电网宽带数字通信设备研制．电力系统通信．2003(1)
[19]谭文恕．关于配电自动化系统的传输规约．电力系统自动化．1999(8)
[20]李引新，赵姚同．正交频分多路(OFDM)的实现方式及性能分析．电讯技术．1998(6)
[21]毛婕，高强等．基于OFDM的电力线数据传输通信系统．华北电力大学学报．2002(4)
[22]汪晓岩，易浩勇，樊昊等．OFDM技术及其在电力线通信的应用．电力系统通信．2001(12)
[23]汪晓岩，樊昊．基于OFDM技术的电力线通信系统的MATLAB模拟．电力系统通信．2002(2)
[24]张峻峰．正交频分复用(OFDM)调制技术．天津通信技术．1998(6)
[25]高焕英，胡小洪．正交频分复用技术研究与实现．无线电通信技术．2002(2)
[26]Tellambura C. Use of m-sequences for OFDM peak-to-average power ratio reduction. Electronic. Letters. 1997,Vol. 33
[27]JI Hong, TONG Xue-jian, YUE Guang-xin. M-Sequence for Reducing Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in PTS-OFDM Systems, The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications. 2002,Vol.9
[28]王秉钧，孙学军，王少勇，田宝玉．现代通信系统原理．天津大学出版社．1999
[29]王兴亮，达新宇，林家薇，王瑜．数字通信原理与技术．西安电子科技大学出版社．2000
[30]赵渊，沈智健．基于TCP／IP的IEC60870-5-104远动规约在电力系统中的应用．电网技术．2003(10)
[31]张建设，马维青，郭晋洋．IEC6875-5-104协议在远动通信中的应用．电力系统自动化．2003(6)
[32]傅延增，张海林，王育民．正交频分复用中的符号同步技术．西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版)．2000(6)
[33]http://www.wi-lan.com
[34]INT51X1 chipset http://www.intellon.com
[35]W90N740 microcontroller http://www.winbond.com.cn
[36]A.G.Burr and P.A.Brown, Application of OFDM to Powerline Telecommunications [A]. Proceedings of the 3th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications. Lancaster, UK, April, 1999
[37]L.H-J.Lampe and J.B.Huber. Bandwidth Efficient Power Line Communications Based on OFDM [J].International Journal of Electronics, (1), January 2000
[38]Langfeld P.and Dostert K.OFDM System Synchronization for Powerline Communications [A].Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications. Limerick, Ireland ,April 5th-7th, 2000:15-22
[39]Stantcheva, M., Begain, K.Hransnica, H.Lehnert, R.Suitable MAC Protocols for an OFDM Based PLC Network [A].Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications. Limerick, Ireland, April 5th-7th, 2000
[40]梁玉泉．低压电力线通信技术的发展及应用．电力系统通信．2001(6)
[41]林功平，徐石明，罗剑波．配电自动化终端技术分析，电力系统自动化．2003(6)
[42]Joseph Nguimbis，熊兰，程时杰等．电力线正交频分复用通信专用耦合电路的设计与实现．电力系统自动化．2003(11)
[43]刘晨．配网自动化系统的通信方案设计．电力系统通信．2003(10)
[44]唐琳．配电自动化通信系统的设计与实现．电力系统通信．2003(12)
[45]娄为．载波技术在配电网自动化系统中的应用．电力自动化设备．2000(8)
[46]杨奇逊，秦立军，焦邵华．配电自动化设备及功能．电力系统自动化．2003(2)
[47]李晓君，张伟明，林大明．低压配电线宽带通信技术．电力系统通信．2003(4)
[48]林功平．配电自动化与10KV智能开关．电力系统自动化．2002(6)
[49]李驹光，聂雪媛，江泽明．ARM应用系统开放详解——基于S3C4510B的系统设计．清华大学出版社．2003(12)
[50]曹惠彬．电力线通信(PLC)技术综述．电力系统通信．2004(1)
[51]邹志威，陈启美，左雯．跻身未来的电力线通信(一)回顾与展望．电力系统自动化．2003(2)