唐口煤矿千米深井综放开采矿压显现与控制研究
|
摘要
随着煤炭的持续开采,浅、中部煤炭资源越来越少,由于开采强度增大和机械化水平的提高,生产矿井及在建矿井向深部发展的步伐加快了,煤矿深部开采已成为世界上大多数主要采煤国家要面临的实际问题。目前,我国的许多煤矿已经进入了深部开采,深井高地压、大变形、难支护是深井开采的重要课题,也是岩石力学领域的一个重大难题。
本文针对唐口煤矿1304工作面的地质条件,采用现场实测、离散元数值模拟、理论分析等研究方法,对千米深井综放工作面矿压显现规律与控制进行了研究。
通过对1304工作面综放开采矿压显现规律的实测研究,得出唐口煤矿综放工作面矿压显现规律,综放开采超前支承压力、侧向支承压力、采空区支承压力显现规律和回采巷道矿压显现规律。
采用离散元数值模拟,研究了唐口煤矿千米深井综放工作面顶板运动与支承压力分布、支架与围岩相互作用关系和沿空巷道围岩稳定性。研究表明：不同的开挖步距,支承压力分布曲线基本相同,工作面推进过程中,受老顶垮落影响,支承压力影响范围扩大,与老顶未垮落相比,支承压力峰值减小；支架采用不同的支护强度时,顶底板移近量与支护强度之间成类双曲线的关系,随着支护强度的增大,顶底板移近量变形趋于平缓,顶底板移近量与支护强度几乎成线性关系；通过研究不同煤柱尺寸条件下的沿空巷道围岩和煤柱应力分布规律、塑性区分布范围,得出了沿空巷道的合理煤柱尺寸为5m。
通过现场实测,数值模拟,理论分析等方法,研究了唐口煤矿工作面需控岩层范围,工作面顶板结构及运动参数,支架的合理支护强度,沿空巷道支护形式和支护参数,得到了唐口煤矿综放工作面控制设计和沿空巷道支护设计,对同类地质条件的矿井开采具有一定的参考价值。
With the continued mining of coal, the shallow and central coal resources are less and less, because the intensity increased and the mechanization of mining level, production mine and that under accelerate the pace of development to deep, Deep mining is the actual problem to be faced of the most major mining country in the world, many of our coal mines has entered a deep mining at present. High pressure, large deformation, difficult to support are important issue of deep mining, which is a major problem of the rock mechanics.
In this paper, the caving mining underground pressure appeared and control are studied,aimed at the geological conditions of 1304 working face in Tang Kou coal mine, by the methods of field observation, discrete element numerical simulation, the theoretical analysis and others.
According to the measured research on the underground pressure appeared of 1304 working face, rules that underground pressure appeared, lead abutment pressure, side abutment pressure, posterior abutment pressure and the extraction roadway mine pressure regularly of full-mechanized caving mining face in Tang Kou coal mine are concluded.
By the method of discrete element numerical simulation, studied the Tang Kou caving mining coal kilometers deep well with roof movement abutment pressure distribution, interaction between stents and surrounding rocks and the stability of surrounding rock roadway along gob. The results show that:with the different excavation distance, the abutment pressure distribution curve was basically same, the influence scope of abutment pressure was extended on effect of the collapse of the main roof during the working face advancing ahead, and compared to the condition that the main roof did not collapse, the peak of abutment pressure was decreased; when the support had a different support intensity, as the support intensity increasing, the convergence between roof and floor changed to gently, the convergence between roof and floor and support intensity was similar to a class of liner relation; Through the research on stress distribution rule of surrounding rock and coal roadway along gob and distribution of plastic zone under the condition of different pillar size, it is concluded that 5m was reasonable for the pillar of the roadway along gob area.
Through methods such as field measurement, numerical simulation, the theoretical analysis, demand recorder distance of face control, roof structure and motion parameters, The stents rational support strength, forms and support parameters of the gob-side entry are studied, obtained deep well fully-mechanized coalface mine pressure control design and supporting design, roadway along gob of similar terrain conditions mine mining has certain reference value.
本文针对唐口煤矿1304工作面的地质条件,采用现场实测、离散元数值模拟、理论分析等研究方法,对千米深井综放工作面矿压显现规律与控制进行了研究。
通过对1304工作面综放开采矿压显现规律的实测研究,得出唐口煤矿综放工作面矿压显现规律,综放开采超前支承压力、侧向支承压力、采空区支承压力显现规律和回采巷道矿压显现规律。
采用离散元数值模拟,研究了唐口煤矿千米深井综放工作面顶板运动与支承压力分布、支架与围岩相互作用关系和沿空巷道围岩稳定性。研究表明：不同的开挖步距,支承压力分布曲线基本相同,工作面推进过程中,受老顶垮落影响,支承压力影响范围扩大,与老顶未垮落相比,支承压力峰值减小；支架采用不同的支护强度时,顶底板移近量与支护强度之间成类双曲线的关系,随着支护强度的增大,顶底板移近量变形趋于平缓,顶底板移近量与支护强度几乎成线性关系；通过研究不同煤柱尺寸条件下的沿空巷道围岩和煤柱应力分布规律、塑性区分布范围,得出了沿空巷道的合理煤柱尺寸为5m。
通过现场实测,数值模拟,理论分析等方法,研究了唐口煤矿工作面需控岩层范围,工作面顶板结构及运动参数,支架的合理支护强度,沿空巷道支护形式和支护参数,得到了唐口煤矿综放工作面控制设计和沿空巷道支护设计,对同类地质条件的矿井开采具有一定的参考价值。
With the continued mining of coal, the shallow and central coal resources are less and less, because the intensity increased and the mechanization of mining level, production mine and that under accelerate the pace of development to deep, Deep mining is the actual problem to be faced of the most major mining country in the world, many of our coal mines has entered a deep mining at present. High pressure, large deformation, difficult to support are important issue of deep mining, which is a major problem of the rock mechanics.
In this paper, the caving mining underground pressure appeared and control are studied,aimed at the geological conditions of 1304 working face in Tang Kou coal mine, by the methods of field observation, discrete element numerical simulation, the theoretical analysis and others.
According to the measured research on the underground pressure appeared of 1304 working face, rules that underground pressure appeared, lead abutment pressure, side abutment pressure, posterior abutment pressure and the extraction roadway mine pressure regularly of full-mechanized caving mining face in Tang Kou coal mine are concluded.
By the method of discrete element numerical simulation, studied the Tang Kou caving mining coal kilometers deep well with roof movement abutment pressure distribution, interaction between stents and surrounding rocks and the stability of surrounding rock roadway along gob. The results show that:with the different excavation distance, the abutment pressure distribution curve was basically same, the influence scope of abutment pressure was extended on effect of the collapse of the main roof during the working face advancing ahead, and compared to the condition that the main roof did not collapse, the peak of abutment pressure was decreased; when the support had a different support intensity, as the support intensity increasing, the convergence between roof and floor changed to gently, the convergence between roof and floor and support intensity was similar to a class of liner relation; Through the research on stress distribution rule of surrounding rock and coal roadway along gob and distribution of plastic zone under the condition of different pillar size, it is concluded that 5m was reasonable for the pillar of the roadway along gob area.
Through methods such as field measurement, numerical simulation, the theoretical analysis, demand recorder distance of face control, roof structure and motion parameters, The stents rational support strength, forms and support parameters of the gob-side entry are studied, obtained deep well fully-mechanized coalface mine pressure control design and supporting design, roadway along gob of similar terrain conditions mine mining has certain reference value.
引文
[1]宁宇.我国综放开采技术进步的回顾及有待解决的技术难题[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[2]徐永圻.煤矿开采学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1999：88-140.
[3]谷志孟.我国矿山地压安全控制技术的现状与发展趋势[J].岩土力学,1993,14(3)：61-66.
[4]来存良,席京德等.厚煤层高产高效开采实用技术[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2001：10
[5]钱鸣高,刘听成.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1984：202
[6]蒋金泉,王国际,张登明,代进.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2007：267.
[7]蒋金泉.采场围岩应力与运动[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1993：301.
[8]宋振骐.实用矿山压力与控制[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1988：1
[9]樊克恭,肖同强.深部矿井综放开采矿压显现特征及其控制[J].第四届深部岩体力学与工程灾害控制学术研讨会暨中国矿业大学(北京)百年校庆学术会议,2009
[10]曲天智.深井综放沿空巷道围岩变形演化规律及控制[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,2008
[11]王同旭.软岩动压巷道围岩压力与控制的研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,1996.
[12]陈庆敏,陈伟学等.综放沿空巷道矿压显现特征及其控制技术[J].煤炭学报,1998(4).
[13]柏建彪.综放沿空掘巷围岩稳定性原理及控制技术研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,2002.
[14]马其华,王宜泰.深井沿空巷道小煤柱护巷机理及支护技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009(4)
[15]司利军等.浅淡推广沿空掘巷的必要性和可行性[J].煤炭工程,2003：10.
[16]高明仕.综放沿空掘巷窄煤柱合理宽度的确定[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,(3)：4-7.
[17]陆士良.无煤柱护巷的矿压显现[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1982.
[18]李西凤.无煤柱开采[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1986.
[19]O.Л.胡金,M.И.乌斯基诺夫,A.B.布拉依采夫等,崔梦庚译.煤层无煤柱开采[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1991.
[20]Xuanmin Song, Zhongmin Jin. Study on coal-rock Moving Law and its Control for Long Wall Top-coal Caving Face. Proceeding of 99 International Workshop on UndergroundThick-seam Ming,1999, (10):160-170.
[21]侯朝炯,李学华.综放沿空掘巷围岩大、小结构的稳定性原理[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1)
[22]刘增辉,康天合.综放煤巷合理煤柱尺寸的物理模拟研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,(4)：14-16.
[23]张益东,张少华,侯朝炯.地应力对锚杆支护的沿空巷道的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(4)：371-374.
[24]柏建彪,侯朝炯,黄汉富.沿空掘巷窄煤柱稳定性数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20)：3475-3479.
[25]谭云亮,姜福兴等.受采动影响巷道两帮破坏范围探测研究[J].煤炭科学技术,1999,27(3)：22-24.
[26]孟金锁.综放开采“原位”沿空掘巷探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,8(2)：205-208.
[27]徐金海,缪协兴,张晓春.煤柱稳定性的时间相关性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,30(4)：433-436.
[28]张玉祥.选择护巷煤柱宽度的研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,1996.
[29]W. Gall.巷道支护与煤柱设计的岩层控制[J].澳大利亚煤杂志,1994,国外锚杆支护技术译文集.
[30]P. O. Grady, P. Fuller, R. Dight. Cable bolting in Australian coal mines current practice and design considerations [J]. Minging Engineer,1994, (6):396-404.
[31]郭兰波.美国锚杆支护的应用和发展[J].光爆锚喷通讯,1984,7.
[32]郭颂.美国煤巷锚杆支护技术概况[J].煤炭科学技术,1998,26(4).
[33]高明仕,张农,窦林名.我国煤巷锚杆支护技术的”两朵乌云”[J].能源技术与管理,2004,(2)：1-4.
[34]P. Williams. The development of rock bolting in UK coal mining. Mining Engineer, 1994, No5.
[35]R. G. Siddall, W. J. Gale. Strata control a new science for old problem. Mining Engineer, 1992, No6.
[36]Euring A. J. warble, etc. Rock mechanics design for rock bolting in British coal mines.16th word mining congress,3539.
[37]刘玉堂.加速我国煤巷锚杆支护的推广[J].中国煤炭,1998,24(4).
[38]Matthews S M, et al. Horizontal stress control in underground coal mines.11th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining. The University of Wollongong, 1992, (7).
[39]康红普,朱泽虎等.综采作面过上山原位留巷技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(5).
[40]漆泰岳.沿空留巷整体浇注护巷带主要参数及其适应性[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(2)：122-125.
[41]李学华.综放沿空掘巷围岩稳定的大小结构分析[D].徐州：中国矿业大学博士论文,2000.
[42]郑钢镖.特厚煤层大断面煤巷顶板离层及锚固效应研究[D].太原：太原理工大学硕士论文,2006.
[43]伍永平,柴敬.回采巷道内岩体结构与支护体相互作用分析[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1997,16(01)：55-59.
[44]马立强,张东升,陈涛等.综放巷内充填原位沿空留巷充填体支护阻力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(03)：544-550.
[45]王卫军,侯朝炯,柏建彪等.综放沿空巷道顶煤受力变形分析[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(2)：209-211.
[46]马其华,郭忠平,樊克恭等.综放面矿压显现特点与沿空掘巷可行性[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1997,No3/4.
[47]翟明华,王云海等. 综放回采巷道锚网支护的模拟研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1998,(2)：49-50
[48]王泳嘉,邢纪波.离敞单元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[M].辽宁沈阳：东北工学院出版社,1991.
[49]刘爱华.节理裂隙岩体的离散元计算方法[J].中南工业大学学报,1995,26(4)：452～456.
[50]王泳嘉,陶连金,邢纪波.近距离煤层开采相互作用的离散元模拟研究[J].东北大学学报,1997,18(4)：374～377.
[51]张树光,张向东.离散元在顶板稳定性分析中的应用[J].煤,2000,9(4)：15-16.
[52]张向东,常春.连续开采下上覆岩层移动的离散元模拟[J].山西矿业学院学报,1997,15(1)：20～26.
[53]Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. UDEC(Universal Distinct Element Code), Version 1.02, 1986.
[54]Cundall, P. A. A. Computer Model for Simulating Progresive Large Scale Movements in Blocky Rock Systems[M]. Proc. Synp. On Rock Fracture,1971.
[55]Cundall, P. A. The Mesurement and Analysis of Acceleration in Rock Slopes[M]. Imperlal College of Science and Technology,1971.
[56]Wright FD. Roof Control through Beam and Arching[M]. In:SME Mining Engineers Handbook, Amer. Inst. Min Met Pet Engrs New York,1973.
[2]徐永圻.煤矿开采学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1999：88-140.
[3]谷志孟.我国矿山地压安全控制技术的现状与发展趋势[J].岩土力学,1993,14(3)：61-66.
[4]来存良,席京德等.厚煤层高产高效开采实用技术[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2001：10
[5]钱鸣高,刘听成.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1984：202
[6]蒋金泉,王国际,张登明,代进.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2007：267.
[7]蒋金泉.采场围岩应力与运动[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1993：301.
[8]宋振骐.实用矿山压力与控制[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1988：1
[9]樊克恭,肖同强.深部矿井综放开采矿压显现特征及其控制[J].第四届深部岩体力学与工程灾害控制学术研讨会暨中国矿业大学(北京)百年校庆学术会议,2009
[10]曲天智.深井综放沿空巷道围岩变形演化规律及控制[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,2008
[11]王同旭.软岩动压巷道围岩压力与控制的研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,1996.
[12]陈庆敏,陈伟学等.综放沿空巷道矿压显现特征及其控制技术[J].煤炭学报,1998(4).
[13]柏建彪.综放沿空掘巷围岩稳定性原理及控制技术研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,2002.
[14]马其华,王宜泰.深井沿空巷道小煤柱护巷机理及支护技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009(4)
[15]司利军等.浅淡推广沿空掘巷的必要性和可行性[J].煤炭工程,2003：10.
[16]高明仕.综放沿空掘巷窄煤柱合理宽度的确定[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,(3)：4-7.
[17]陆士良.无煤柱护巷的矿压显现[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1982.
[18]李西凤.无煤柱开采[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1986.
[19]O.Л.胡金,M.И.乌斯基诺夫,A.B.布拉依采夫等,崔梦庚译.煤层无煤柱开采[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1991.
[20]Xuanmin Song, Zhongmin Jin. Study on coal-rock Moving Law and its Control for Long Wall Top-coal Caving Face. Proceeding of 99 International Workshop on UndergroundThick-seam Ming,1999, (10):160-170.
[21]侯朝炯,李学华.综放沿空掘巷围岩大、小结构的稳定性原理[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(1)
[22]刘增辉,康天合.综放煤巷合理煤柱尺寸的物理模拟研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,(4)：14-16.
[23]张益东,张少华,侯朝炯.地应力对锚杆支护的沿空巷道的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(4)：371-374.
[24]柏建彪,侯朝炯,黄汉富.沿空掘巷窄煤柱稳定性数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20)：3475-3479.
[25]谭云亮,姜福兴等.受采动影响巷道两帮破坏范围探测研究[J].煤炭科学技术,1999,27(3)：22-24.
[26]孟金锁.综放开采“原位”沿空掘巷探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,8(2)：205-208.
[27]徐金海,缪协兴,张晓春.煤柱稳定性的时间相关性分析[J].中国矿业大学学报,2005,30(4)：433-436.
[28]张玉祥.选择护巷煤柱宽度的研究[D].中国矿业大学博士论文,1996.
[29]W. Gall.巷道支护与煤柱设计的岩层控制[J].澳大利亚煤杂志,1994,国外锚杆支护技术译文集.
[30]P. O. Grady, P. Fuller, R. Dight. Cable bolting in Australian coal mines current practice and design considerations [J]. Minging Engineer,1994, (6):396-404.
[31]郭兰波.美国锚杆支护的应用和发展[J].光爆锚喷通讯,1984,7.
[32]郭颂.美国煤巷锚杆支护技术概况[J].煤炭科学技术,1998,26(4).
[33]高明仕,张农,窦林名.我国煤巷锚杆支护技术的”两朵乌云”[J].能源技术与管理,2004,(2)：1-4.
[34]P. Williams. The development of rock bolting in UK coal mining. Mining Engineer, 1994, No5.
[35]R. G. Siddall, W. J. Gale. Strata control a new science for old problem. Mining Engineer, 1992, No6.
[36]Euring A. J. warble, etc. Rock mechanics design for rock bolting in British coal mines.16th word mining congress,3539.
[37]刘玉堂.加速我国煤巷锚杆支护的推广[J].中国煤炭,1998,24(4).
[38]Matthews S M, et al. Horizontal stress control in underground coal mines.11th International Conference on Ground Control in Mining. The University of Wollongong, 1992, (7).
[39]康红普,朱泽虎等.综采作面过上山原位留巷技术研究[J].煤炭学报,2002,27(5).
[40]漆泰岳.沿空留巷整体浇注护巷带主要参数及其适应性[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(2)：122-125.
[41]李学华.综放沿空掘巷围岩稳定的大小结构分析[D].徐州：中国矿业大学博士论文,2000.
[42]郑钢镖.特厚煤层大断面煤巷顶板离层及锚固效应研究[D].太原：太原理工大学硕士论文,2006.
[43]伍永平,柴敬.回采巷道内岩体结构与支护体相互作用分析[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1997,16(01)：55-59.
[44]马立强,张东升,陈涛等.综放巷内充填原位沿空留巷充填体支护阻力研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(03)：544-550.
[45]王卫军,侯朝炯,柏建彪等.综放沿空巷道顶煤受力变形分析[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(2)：209-211.
[46]马其华,郭忠平,樊克恭等.综放面矿压显现特点与沿空掘巷可行性[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1997,No3/4.
[47]翟明华,王云海等. 综放回采巷道锚网支护的模拟研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1998,(2)：49-50
[48]王泳嘉,邢纪波.离敞单元法及其在岩土力学中的应用[M].辽宁沈阳：东北工学院出版社,1991.
[49]刘爱华.节理裂隙岩体的离散元计算方法[J].中南工业大学学报,1995,26(4)：452～456.
[50]王泳嘉,陶连金,邢纪波.近距离煤层开采相互作用的离散元模拟研究[J].东北大学学报,1997,18(4)：374～377.
[51]张树光,张向东.离散元在顶板稳定性分析中的应用[J].煤,2000,9(4)：15-16.
[52]张向东,常春.连续开采下上覆岩层移动的离散元模拟[J].山西矿业学院学报,1997,15(1)：20～26.
[53]Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. UDEC(Universal Distinct Element Code), Version 1.02, 1986.
[54]Cundall, P. A. A. Computer Model for Simulating Progresive Large Scale Movements in Blocky Rock Systems[M]. Proc. Synp. On Rock Fracture,1971.
[55]Cundall, P. A. The Mesurement and Analysis of Acceleration in Rock Slopes[M]. Imperlal College of Science and Technology,1971.
[56]Wright FD. Roof Control through Beam and Arching[M]. In:SME Mining Engineers Handbook, Amer. Inst. Min Met Pet Engrs New York,1973.