岱庄煤矿膏体充填工作面覆岩运动规律与支护优化研究
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摘要
论文以岱庄煤矿2351膏体充填工作面为工程地质原型,通过室内试验、现场监测、理论分析等方法,对顶板力学性质、松木支柱承载能力、膏体充填工作面覆岩运动规律等进行了研究,并综合试验研究和实测研究结果,对膏体充填工作面进行了支护优化,取得了一些有益成果。
采用MTS815.03电液伺服岩石试验系统对岱庄煤矿顶板进行了拉伸试验和单轴压缩试验,得到平均抗拉强度为7.3125MPa,平均单轴压缩强度为53.85MPa。应用岛津AG-X250电子万能试验机对东北落叶红松木支柱进行了承载能力测试,研究表明取自同一根支柱上的试件顺纹抗压强度相差不大,但横纹抗压强度差别较大,这主要与加载面有关；红松木在作为单体支柱使用时,主要考虑顺纹抗压强度,其总体平均横压强度约为总体平均顺压强度的12.5%；木材强度与含水率有极大的相关性,木材的顺压强度和横压强度都呈现出随含水率增加而降低的趋势,干燥的木材顺压强度大大增加。
现场实测研究表明2351膏体充填工作面充填效果良好,工作面覆岩重力更多的作用在工作面前方煤壁和采空区的充填膏体上,覆岩运动不明显；随着工作面的推进,覆岩由“C”型空间结构逐渐转化成不等高支撑的铰接岩梁；工作面的直接顶即为老顶,初次来压步距33.6m,前4次周期来压步距分别为18.3m、8.8m、13.7m、9m；顶板超前应力及影响范围较小,主要影响范围小于15m；在现行工艺技术条件下,最大合理控顶距为8.8m,充填支架合理工作阻力为27MPa,合理初撑力为21MPa,最大充填步距为4m。
最后,综合室内试验结果和现场监测成果,基于矿山岩体力学理论和实用矿山压力理论,对2351膏体充填工作面及顺槽超前支护方式进行了优化,进一步提高了生产效率。
In this paper, in order to study the mechanical properties of the roof, bearing capacity of pine props and the motion laws of the overlying strata systematically, some methods including the indoor experiments, the field monitoring and the theoretical analysis were used based on the 2351 paste backfilling face of Daizhuang Coal Mine as engineering geological prototype. In addition, based on the experimental results and the actual measurements, supporting of the paste backfilling face was optimized and got some useful achievements.
In order to understand the mechanical properties of the roof, the tensile tests and the uniaxial compression tests were carried out using Servo-controlled Testing System MTS815.03. As a result, the average value of tensile strength is 7.3125MPa and the average value of uniaxial compression strength is 53.85MPa. In order to test the bearing capacity of the northeast larch pine props which were taken from the wood filed of Daizhuang Coal Mine, the AG-X250 electronic universal testing machine was used. The results show that the samples which were taken from the same prop have little difference on the compression strength parallel to grain, but the compression strengths perpendicular to grain are varied greatly. It is mostly dependent on the loading surface. The compression strength parallel to grain is the key point when the pine is used as the single prop and its overall average compression strength perpendicular to grain is about 12.5% of the overall average compression strength parallel to grain. There is a compact relationship between the strength and the moisture content of the pine. Both the compression strength parallel to grain and the compression strength perpendicular to grain have an obvious tendency of decreasing with the increasing of the moisture content. In other words, the higher drying, the bigger strength the pine will have.
The monitoring results show that the backfilling technique of the 2351 paste backfilling face achieved good results. Because there is a good result in the supporting effect of the paste to the overlying strata and the gravity of the overlying strata mainly forces on the coal wall ahead of the coal face and the paste of the goaf, the motions of the overlying strata are not obvious. With the progressive of the face, overlying strata are gradually transformed from the "C" type space structure into articulated rock beam with unequal height supports. The immediate roof of working face is the main roof; the first weighting interval is 33.6m, and the periodic weighting length are 18.3m,8.8m,13.7m and 9m respectively for the last four times. The overburden gravity mainly act on coal wall in front of face and backfill paste, which has little effect on roof advance stress, and the influence scope is less than 15m. Under the current technology conditions of the 2351 paste backfilling face, the reasonable maximum value of the roof-control distance is 8.8m, the reasonable working resistance of support backfilling is 27MPa, the value of setting load is 21MPa and the maximum value of the filling drawing pace is 4m.
Finally, based on the mine rock mechanics theory and the practical underground pressure theory and combining the results of the indoor experiment and the field monitoring, the technologies of the paste backfilling face support and the crossheading advanced support were optimized to further improve the productivity.
采用MTS815.03电液伺服岩石试验系统对岱庄煤矿顶板进行了拉伸试验和单轴压缩试验,得到平均抗拉强度为7.3125MPa,平均单轴压缩强度为53.85MPa。应用岛津AG-X250电子万能试验机对东北落叶红松木支柱进行了承载能力测试,研究表明取自同一根支柱上的试件顺纹抗压强度相差不大,但横纹抗压强度差别较大,这主要与加载面有关；红松木在作为单体支柱使用时,主要考虑顺纹抗压强度,其总体平均横压强度约为总体平均顺压强度的12.5%；木材强度与含水率有极大的相关性,木材的顺压强度和横压强度都呈现出随含水率增加而降低的趋势,干燥的木材顺压强度大大增加。
现场实测研究表明2351膏体充填工作面充填效果良好,工作面覆岩重力更多的作用在工作面前方煤壁和采空区的充填膏体上,覆岩运动不明显；随着工作面的推进,覆岩由“C”型空间结构逐渐转化成不等高支撑的铰接岩梁；工作面的直接顶即为老顶,初次来压步距33.6m,前4次周期来压步距分别为18.3m、8.8m、13.7m、9m；顶板超前应力及影响范围较小,主要影响范围小于15m；在现行工艺技术条件下,最大合理控顶距为8.8m,充填支架合理工作阻力为27MPa,合理初撑力为21MPa,最大充填步距为4m。
最后,综合室内试验结果和现场监测成果,基于矿山岩体力学理论和实用矿山压力理论,对2351膏体充填工作面及顺槽超前支护方式进行了优化,进一步提高了生产效率。
In this paper, in order to study the mechanical properties of the roof, bearing capacity of pine props and the motion laws of the overlying strata systematically, some methods including the indoor experiments, the field monitoring and the theoretical analysis were used based on the 2351 paste backfilling face of Daizhuang Coal Mine as engineering geological prototype. In addition, based on the experimental results and the actual measurements, supporting of the paste backfilling face was optimized and got some useful achievements.
In order to understand the mechanical properties of the roof, the tensile tests and the uniaxial compression tests were carried out using Servo-controlled Testing System MTS815.03. As a result, the average value of tensile strength is 7.3125MPa and the average value of uniaxial compression strength is 53.85MPa. In order to test the bearing capacity of the northeast larch pine props which were taken from the wood filed of Daizhuang Coal Mine, the AG-X250 electronic universal testing machine was used. The results show that the samples which were taken from the same prop have little difference on the compression strength parallel to grain, but the compression strengths perpendicular to grain are varied greatly. It is mostly dependent on the loading surface. The compression strength parallel to grain is the key point when the pine is used as the single prop and its overall average compression strength perpendicular to grain is about 12.5% of the overall average compression strength parallel to grain. There is a compact relationship between the strength and the moisture content of the pine. Both the compression strength parallel to grain and the compression strength perpendicular to grain have an obvious tendency of decreasing with the increasing of the moisture content. In other words, the higher drying, the bigger strength the pine will have.
The monitoring results show that the backfilling technique of the 2351 paste backfilling face achieved good results. Because there is a good result in the supporting effect of the paste to the overlying strata and the gravity of the overlying strata mainly forces on the coal wall ahead of the coal face and the paste of the goaf, the motions of the overlying strata are not obvious. With the progressive of the face, overlying strata are gradually transformed from the "C" type space structure into articulated rock beam with unequal height supports. The immediate roof of working face is the main roof; the first weighting interval is 33.6m, and the periodic weighting length are 18.3m,8.8m,13.7m and 9m respectively for the last four times. The overburden gravity mainly act on coal wall in front of face and backfill paste, which has little effect on roof advance stress, and the influence scope is less than 15m. Under the current technology conditions of the 2351 paste backfilling face, the reasonable maximum value of the roof-control distance is 8.8m, the reasonable working resistance of support backfilling is 27MPa, the value of setting load is 21MPa and the maximum value of the filling drawing pace is 4m.
Finally, based on the mine rock mechanics theory and the practical underground pressure theory and combining the results of the indoor experiment and the field monitoring, the technologies of the paste backfilling face support and the crossheading advanced support were optimized to further improve the productivity.
引文
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