低压接触器电弧温度检测研究
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摘要
低压交流接触器是低压电器的一个重要组成部分,其作为开断电流的装置被广泛的应用于各生产部门。在低压交流接触器闭合和分断电器回路时,其触头间会产生电弧。低压交流接触器内产生的电弧在其燃弧瞬间即可达到高温,因而会严重影响低压交流接触器的产品性能,降低其产品可靠性并缩短其电寿命。在接触器的开断过程中,电弧在触头间的变化过程如形态,电流电压,及热过程都会对熄弧有所影响,同时熄弧过程又与介质恢复特性有必然联系。所以了解触头间的电弧温度分布及形态变化,对改进接触器结构,提高其开断电流能力具有重要意义。
本文对电弧的辐射光进行了提取分析,搭建了电弧发生装置及光学采集系统,其设备具有较好的可操作性。通过图像数字化处理对采集的电弧图像进行了滤波去噪及边缘检测等操作,以改善其图像质量,最终计算了触头间电弧轴向上温度场分布。
基于光辐射测温原理,采用高速CCD摄像机获取电弧辐射连续变化的图像,对获取的图像进行滤波去噪等数字化处理,得到含有RGB三个颜色分量的数字矩阵。通过比色测温法分析RGB值,建立图像中灰度与温度的对应关系。文中提出了对电弧图像的直方图进行分析,并结合图像中高频信号分量为图像的边缘及轮廓,标定出电弧弧心及等温线的变化情况,拟合出的电弧不同温度区域,用伪彩色技术标定成不同的颜色,最终通过图像建立起电弧连续变化的二维温度分布,为电弧温度的测量提供一种可行的检测方法。
Low-voltage AC contactor is an important component in low-voltage electrical appliances. It is widely used in all departments as a basic kit component. When low-voltage AC contactor is closed or breaking electric loops, electric arc will be generated between the contact terminals. Once the arc of low-voltage contactor reaches high temperature during arcing, the attributes of low-voltage contactor will be greatly infected, the reliability will be down-graded, and the useful life will be shortened. When high voltage circuit breakers are broken, temperature distribution and variation of the interval, between fixed contact and moving contact, directly influence medium recovery characters. How temperature distribution and variation in this process are understand accurately has important influence to improving the circuit breakers’design and obtaining better breaking capacity.
Arc can be captured by the acquisition system successfully, the design of the system is reasonable, performance is credible and the system has good application prospect. With the application of the digital processing technique, the improvement of image quality is achieved successfully. Image with clear edge and good contrast is achieved, and gray-scale value extraction is made for next step.
Based on the spectral temperature measurement, the arc radiation image is obtained by CCD camera in this paper, which is processed with digitalized treatment. Finally the three colors RGB of the digital matrix was obtained. The RGB value can be analyzed by the method of colorimetric temperature measurement, the corresponding relationship between the temperature and gray level can be established. The image histogram of the arc is analyzed in our work and the variation of isotherm and arc core can be detected by defining the various temperature boundaries through high frequency signal components comprising edges and outlines of arc images. Meanwhile, the areas of different temperatures are defined by the Pseudo-color Technique. Eventually, a dynamic 2-D thermal field can be obtained by the images of arc, which is a feasible method for the measurement of the temperature of the arc.
本文对电弧的辐射光进行了提取分析,搭建了电弧发生装置及光学采集系统,其设备具有较好的可操作性。通过图像数字化处理对采集的电弧图像进行了滤波去噪及边缘检测等操作,以改善其图像质量,最终计算了触头间电弧轴向上温度场分布。
基于光辐射测温原理,采用高速CCD摄像机获取电弧辐射连续变化的图像,对获取的图像进行滤波去噪等数字化处理,得到含有RGB三个颜色分量的数字矩阵。通过比色测温法分析RGB值,建立图像中灰度与温度的对应关系。文中提出了对电弧图像的直方图进行分析,并结合图像中高频信号分量为图像的边缘及轮廓,标定出电弧弧心及等温线的变化情况,拟合出的电弧不同温度区域,用伪彩色技术标定成不同的颜色,最终通过图像建立起电弧连续变化的二维温度分布,为电弧温度的测量提供一种可行的检测方法。
Low-voltage AC contactor is an important component in low-voltage electrical appliances. It is widely used in all departments as a basic kit component. When low-voltage AC contactor is closed or breaking electric loops, electric arc will be generated between the contact terminals. Once the arc of low-voltage contactor reaches high temperature during arcing, the attributes of low-voltage contactor will be greatly infected, the reliability will be down-graded, and the useful life will be shortened. When high voltage circuit breakers are broken, temperature distribution and variation of the interval, between fixed contact and moving contact, directly influence medium recovery characters. How temperature distribution and variation in this process are understand accurately has important influence to improving the circuit breakers’design and obtaining better breaking capacity.
Arc can be captured by the acquisition system successfully, the design of the system is reasonable, performance is credible and the system has good application prospect. With the application of the digital processing technique, the improvement of image quality is achieved successfully. Image with clear edge and good contrast is achieved, and gray-scale value extraction is made for next step.
Based on the spectral temperature measurement, the arc radiation image is obtained by CCD camera in this paper, which is processed with digitalized treatment. Finally the three colors RGB of the digital matrix was obtained. The RGB value can be analyzed by the method of colorimetric temperature measurement, the corresponding relationship between the temperature and gray level can be established. The image histogram of the arc is analyzed in our work and the variation of isotherm and arc core can be detected by defining the various temperature boundaries through high frequency signal components comprising edges and outlines of arc images. Meanwhile, the areas of different temperatures are defined by the Pseudo-color Technique. Eventually, a dynamic 2-D thermal field can be obtained by the images of arc, which is a feasible method for the measurement of the temperature of the arc.
引文
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[21]张海鸥,刘韵,王桂兰等.基于模式识别的等离子射流形态特征的研究.机械科学与技术,2006,25(12):1476~1479.
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[30]芦凤桂,姚舜,张毓新等.TIG焊接电弧等离子体流场的有限元分析.焊接技术,2004,33(2):14~16.
[31]殷凤良,胡绳荪,郑振太等.等离子弧焊电弧的数值模拟.焊接学报,2006,27(8):51~54.
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[34] Shimoda M etal. Prediction Method of unburnt Carbon for Coal Fired Utility Boiler Using Image Processing Technique of Combustion Flame. IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, 1990, 5(4): 640~645.
[35] Craig J E, Parker R A, Biancaniello F S. Particle Temperature Measurements by Spectroscopic and Two-Wavelength Streak Imaging. Proceedings of the Internation Thermal Spray Conference, 2000, 51~56.
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[37]刘禾.数字图像处理及应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[38]于志明,何兴道.薄膜法布里珀罗滤光片的偏振特性.应用光学,2010,31(05):851~854.
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[41]陈一虎.基于离散余弦变换的图像压缩研究.现代电子技术,2011,34(21):86~88.
[42]罗晨.基于DCT的图像压缩及MATLAB实现.电子设计工程,2011,13(18):168~170.
[43]肖锋.维纳滤波在退化图像恢复中的应用研究.电子设计工程,2011,19(08):173~175.
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[2]陈勇,陈德桂,海涛.应用电弧等离子体光谱诊断技术研究金属蒸气喷流控制(VJC)效应.低压电器,1992,(01):5~9.
[3]曹尔妍,王开绚.双波长激光诊断氩等离子体弧.中国激光,1984,13(1):45~48.
[4]龙海源.纹影干涉诊断等离子体弧.机械科学与技术,1994,49(1):84~89.
[5] (苏)戈兰特.等离子体物理基础.北京:原子能出版社,1983.
[6] H N Olsen. Thermal and Electrical Properties of an Argon Plasma. The Physics of Fluids,1959,2(6): 614~623.
[7]朱士尧.等离子体物理基础.北京:科学出版社,1983.
[8]过增元.胡桅林.横向磁场作用下自由电弧的温度场与速度场.工程热物理学报,1983,4(4):398~404.
[9]胡桅林,李志信.氩氢等离子体射流温度分布的测量.计量学报,1987,8(4):278~280.
[10]胡桅林,李志信.氩电弧等离子体射流中温度分布的测定及局部热力学平衡状态的验证.工程热物理学报,1983,4(4):327~332.
[11]胡桅林,李志信.等离子体的温度测量与光谱测温仪.清华大学学报(自然科学版),1990,30(2):100~104.
[12] G. N Haddad, A J D Farmer. Temperature determinations in a free-burning arc. I.Experimental techniques and results in argon. J.Phys.D: Appl.Phys, 1984, 17: 1189~1196.
[13] A J D Farmer, G N Haddad. Local thermodynamic equilibrium in free-burning arcs in argon. Appl.Phys.Lett, 1984, 45(1): 24~28.
[14]林文贵,胡桅林,魏敦松.用离轴峰值法测定氩等离子体电弧的温度分布.仪器仪表学报,1982,3(4):339~343.
[15]宋永伦.焊接电弧等离子体的光谱诊断法及其应用的研究:(博士学位论文).天津:天津大学,1990.
[16]王续跃,周锦进,梁延德等.等离子体弧柱动态特性的研究.电加工,1984,(4):31~34.
[17]周锦进,王续约,卢毅申等.等离子体加工热过程计算与分析.大连理工大学学报,1992,32(3):292~296.
[18]赵家瑞,赵著,孙栋等.红外摄像微机图像处理法诊断电弧等离子体的研究.电焊机,1987,(5):16~19.
[19]赵家瑞,赵籍.微机图像处理法对高频脉冲TIG焊接电弧的诊断研究.焊接学报,1987,8(4):213~218.
[20]张海鸥,刘丹,王桂兰.面向RPST的氩氮等离子射流温度分布的测量.机械科学技术,2004,23(3):344~346.
[21]张海鸥,刘韵,王桂兰等.基于模式识别的等离子射流形态特征的研究.机械科学与技术,2006,25(12):1476~1479.
[22]汪新兵,王伟,张海鸥等.基于CCD图像处理的等离子熔积焊缝检测系统设计.电焊机,2004,34(4):56~59.
[23]方建成,徐文骥.等离子熔射成形射流温度场采集.机械工程学报,2002,(38):82~84.
[24]徐文骥,方建成.金属板件等离子体弧柔性成形热过程计算与分析.中国机械工程,2004,15(06):75~78.
[25]赵子玉,武建文,邹积岩等.利用CCD摄象系统研究真空电弧演变过程.中国电机工程学报,1999,19(11):11~14.
[26]董华军,廖敏夫,邹积岩等.基于CCD真空开关电弧等离子体参数诊断方法.电工技术学报,2007,22(6):65~68.
[27] K C Hsu, K Etemadi, E Pfender. Study of the Free-Burning High-Intensity Argon Arc. Journal of Applied Physics, 1983, 54(3): 1293~1301.
[28]邵其鋆,何煜,郭文康等.直流等离子体温度测量与模拟计算结果的比较.物理学报,1999,48(9):1691~1700.
[29]邵其鋆,何煜,须平等.等离子体切割的弧特性研究.核技术,2000,23(3):164~168.
[30]芦凤桂,姚舜,张毓新等.TIG焊接电弧等离子体流场的有限元分析.焊接技术,2004,33(2):14~16.
[31]殷凤良,胡绳荪,郑振太等.等离子弧焊电弧的数值模拟.焊接学报,2006,27(8):51~54.
[32] A.斯廷森编著.工程光度学与辐射度学.科学出版社,1987.
[33]薛飞,李晓东等.基于面阵CCD的火焰温度场测量方法研究.中国电机工程学报,1999,19 (1):39~41.
[34] Shimoda M etal. Prediction Method of unburnt Carbon for Coal Fired Utility Boiler Using Image Processing Technique of Combustion Flame. IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, 1990, 5(4): 640~645.
[35] Craig J E, Parker R A, Biancaniello F S. Particle Temperature Measurements by Spectroscopic and Two-Wavelength Streak Imaging. Proceedings of the Internation Thermal Spray Conference, 2000, 51~56.
[36]谭博能,廖宁放,廉玉生等.基于分段色域颜色模型的高动态范围图像获取与合成.光学技术,2011,37(04):496~501.
[37]刘禾.数字图像处理及应用.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[38]于志明,何兴道.薄膜法布里珀罗滤光片的偏振特性.应用光学,2010,31(05):851~854.
[39]姚军.用三片截止型玻璃滤光片实现比色测温.红外技术,1997,19(04):20~24.
[40]耿帅,王希常.一种基于中值滤波的图像去噪算法.计算机与现代化,2011(11):90~92.
[41]陈一虎.基于离散余弦变换的图像压缩研究.现代电子技术,2011,34(21):86~88.
[42]罗晨.基于DCT的图像压缩及MATLAB实现.电子设计工程,2011,13(18):168~170.
[43]肖锋.维纳滤波在退化图像恢复中的应用研究.电子设计工程,2011,19(08):173~175.
[44]周心明,兰赛,徐燕.图像处理中几种边缘检测算法的比较,现代电力,2000,17(03):65~69.
[45]冯桂,桂预风,林宗坚.灰度图像边缘检测中的形态学方法.遥感信息,2000,10(03):12~16.
[46]唐国维,关学忠.利用直方图均衡化进行颜色选择.微型机与应用,1996,15(08):16~20.
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