提高锁阳种子萌发率及接种率的方法研究
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摘要
本文以专一性根寄生植物锁阳(Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.)为研究对象,研究了锁阳种子的种皮结构、吸水规律、不同粒径间种子质量差异、种子中有无萌发抑制物、不同处理的种子发芽状况、不同水分调节条件下白刺生长对锁阳接种的影响几个方面。旨在通过打破种子休眠,提高种子萌发率和接种率,为锁阳人工驯化栽培提供技术保障和理论依据。主要研究结果如下:
1.关于种子质量指标(千粒重、净度、生活力、发芽势和发芽率),种子级别间差异极显著。除含水量之外,各指标均与种子粒径呈正相关,即种子粒径越大,千粒重越大,生活力越强,发芽势和发芽率越高,种子质量越好。
2.锁阳种子水浸提液对白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长均有很强的抑制作用。在种子耐受温度范围内,随着浸种温度的升高,浸提液对白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长抑制愈强,45℃条件下的水浸提液抑制作用最强,35℃次之,25℃最弱。在同一温度下抑制作用随着浸提次数的增加而减弱。
3.温水浸种可明显提高锁阳种子的萌发率,其中以35℃浸种4 d效果最佳,其发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数较对照分别提高533.93%、191.00%和219.61%。
4.超声波处理可显著提高锁阳种子的发芽率。超声频率和时间处理对锁阳种子的发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数均有影响,且处理频率和时间不同,对锁阳种子萌发的各项指标不同,其中以超声波处理60 Hz、50 min效果最好,种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数分别较对照提高1604.51%、208.33%和37.18%。
5.不同水分调节时间对白刺形态指标有显著影响,其中水分调节8 d的效果最好,株高、茎粗和叶片数分别较水分调节2 d的提高23.88%、25.37%和33.33%。水分调节时间对白刺叶片的生理指标也有显著影响,不同水分调节时间下,白刺叶片内的生理代谢变化明显。在白刺生长前期,丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量变化无一特定规律。但在白刺生长后期,随着水分调节时间的延长,叶片相对含水量和可溶性蛋白质含量显著降低,而叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著增加。
6.沙土比和水分调节时间对锁阳接种有显著影响。随着沙土比和水分调节时间的增加,锁阳的平均接种率呈先上升后下降的趋势。其中沙土比为1:1和水分调节时间为8 d的处理效果最好,接种率达到最高,较同一水分调节条件下沙土比3:7和7:3分别提高了58.03%(P<0.01)和19.34%(P>0.05),与其他各处理间差异显著。
This paper chosed a specific root parasitical plant Cynomorium songaricum was employed in the experiment to research the seed coat structure, water absorption laws, the quality diversity in different seed size, inhibitory substances in the seed or not, the germination test of C. songaricum under different treatments and the effect of Nitraria sibirica growth on the C. songaricum vaccination under water control treatments. The purpose is enhancing the germination and vaccination rate of C. songaricum by breaking seed dormancy, as well as providing technical guarantee and theoretical for artificial cultivation of C. songaricum. The main results obtained are as follows:
1. Seed size has significant diversity on seed quality indexes, such as thousand seed weight, purity, viability, germination power and germination rate. Except for water content, all the indexes of seed quality were positively correlated with seed size, that means bigger seed size, heavier weight of thousand grains, higher seed viability, higher germination rate and better germination power.
2. Water extract of C. songaricum seed obviously inhibit germination and seedling growth of cabbage seeds. In the range of seed tolerable temperature, the inhibitory ability enhanced with increasing seed soaking temperature. The crude extracts under the temperature 45℃showed the strongest inhibitory activity, while the weakest inhibitory activity appeared under 25℃. In the same temperature, the inhibitory activity became weaker with the increase time of extraction.
3. Dipping seed in warm water can increase the germination rate of C. songaricum, germination rate of dipping seeds under 45℃for 4 d is the best. Compared with control, the seed germination potential, germination rate and germination index respectively increased by 533.93%, 191.00% and 219.61%.
4. Ultrasonic waves can significantly improve the germination rate of C. songaricum. The different frequency and time of ultrasonic wave treatment differ in seed germination potential, germination rate and germination index of C. songaricum, in which ultrasonic frequency 60 Hz, 50 min is the best treatment. Compared with control,seed germination potential, germination rate and germination index increased by 1604.51%, 208.33% and 37.18% respectively.
5. The different water-tempered time have significantly effect on growth indexes of N. sibirica, in which the treatment of water-tempering time for 8 d is the best. Compared with 2 d, the plant of height, stem and leaves of N. sibirica increased by 23.88%、25.37% and 33.33% respectively. The different water-tempered time also significantly impact on physiological indexes of N. sibirica, The internal physiology metabolize changed obviously with different water-tempered time treatment. At the stage of former-term, there is no orderliness about the change of MDA content, proline content and soluble carbohydrate content, but at the stage of latter-term, leaf relative water content and soluble protein content are decreased obviously, while Chl content, MDA content, proline content and soluble carbohydrate content are increased obviously with the lasting of water-tempered time.
6. The ratio of sand and soil and water-tempered time significantly effect on vaccination of C. songaricum. With the increasing of sand/soil ratio and water-tempered time, the average vaccination rates of C. songaricum increase firstly and then decrease. The treatment that sand/soil is 1:1 and water-tempered lasts for 8ds shows the highest vaccination rate. Water-tempered last for 8 d, vaccination rates were respectively increased by 58.03%(P<0.01)and 19.34%(P>0.05)than sand/soil ratio of 3:7 and 7:3, and significantly higher than any other treatments.
1.关于种子质量指标(千粒重、净度、生活力、发芽势和发芽率),种子级别间差异极显著。除含水量之外,各指标均与种子粒径呈正相关,即种子粒径越大,千粒重越大,生活力越强,发芽势和发芽率越高,种子质量越好。
2.锁阳种子水浸提液对白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长均有很强的抑制作用。在种子耐受温度范围内,随着浸种温度的升高,浸提液对白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长抑制愈强,45℃条件下的水浸提液抑制作用最强,35℃次之,25℃最弱。在同一温度下抑制作用随着浸提次数的增加而减弱。
3.温水浸种可明显提高锁阳种子的萌发率,其中以35℃浸种4 d效果最佳,其发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数较对照分别提高533.93%、191.00%和219.61%。
4.超声波处理可显著提高锁阳种子的发芽率。超声频率和时间处理对锁阳种子的发芽势、发芽率及发芽指数均有影响,且处理频率和时间不同,对锁阳种子萌发的各项指标不同,其中以超声波处理60 Hz、50 min效果最好,种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数分别较对照提高1604.51%、208.33%和37.18%。
5.不同水分调节时间对白刺形态指标有显著影响,其中水分调节8 d的效果最好,株高、茎粗和叶片数分别较水分调节2 d的提高23.88%、25.37%和33.33%。水分调节时间对白刺叶片的生理指标也有显著影响,不同水分调节时间下,白刺叶片内的生理代谢变化明显。在白刺生长前期,丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量变化无一特定规律。但在白刺生长后期,随着水分调节时间的延长,叶片相对含水量和可溶性蛋白质含量显著降低,而叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量显著增加。
6.沙土比和水分调节时间对锁阳接种有显著影响。随着沙土比和水分调节时间的增加,锁阳的平均接种率呈先上升后下降的趋势。其中沙土比为1:1和水分调节时间为8 d的处理效果最好,接种率达到最高,较同一水分调节条件下沙土比3:7和7:3分别提高了58.03%(P<0.01)和19.34%(P>0.05),与其他各处理间差异显著。
This paper chosed a specific root parasitical plant Cynomorium songaricum was employed in the experiment to research the seed coat structure, water absorption laws, the quality diversity in different seed size, inhibitory substances in the seed or not, the germination test of C. songaricum under different treatments and the effect of Nitraria sibirica growth on the C. songaricum vaccination under water control treatments. The purpose is enhancing the germination and vaccination rate of C. songaricum by breaking seed dormancy, as well as providing technical guarantee and theoretical for artificial cultivation of C. songaricum. The main results obtained are as follows:
1. Seed size has significant diversity on seed quality indexes, such as thousand seed weight, purity, viability, germination power and germination rate. Except for water content, all the indexes of seed quality were positively correlated with seed size, that means bigger seed size, heavier weight of thousand grains, higher seed viability, higher germination rate and better germination power.
2. Water extract of C. songaricum seed obviously inhibit germination and seedling growth of cabbage seeds. In the range of seed tolerable temperature, the inhibitory ability enhanced with increasing seed soaking temperature. The crude extracts under the temperature 45℃showed the strongest inhibitory activity, while the weakest inhibitory activity appeared under 25℃. In the same temperature, the inhibitory activity became weaker with the increase time of extraction.
3. Dipping seed in warm water can increase the germination rate of C. songaricum, germination rate of dipping seeds under 45℃for 4 d is the best. Compared with control, the seed germination potential, germination rate and germination index respectively increased by 533.93%, 191.00% and 219.61%.
4. Ultrasonic waves can significantly improve the germination rate of C. songaricum. The different frequency and time of ultrasonic wave treatment differ in seed germination potential, germination rate and germination index of C. songaricum, in which ultrasonic frequency 60 Hz, 50 min is the best treatment. Compared with control,seed germination potential, germination rate and germination index increased by 1604.51%, 208.33% and 37.18% respectively.
5. The different water-tempered time have significantly effect on growth indexes of N. sibirica, in which the treatment of water-tempering time for 8 d is the best. Compared with 2 d, the plant of height, stem and leaves of N. sibirica increased by 23.88%、25.37% and 33.33% respectively. The different water-tempered time also significantly impact on physiological indexes of N. sibirica, The internal physiology metabolize changed obviously with different water-tempered time treatment. At the stage of former-term, there is no orderliness about the change of MDA content, proline content and soluble carbohydrate content, but at the stage of latter-term, leaf relative water content and soluble protein content are decreased obviously, while Chl content, MDA content, proline content and soluble carbohydrate content are increased obviously with the lasting of water-tempered time.
6. The ratio of sand and soil and water-tempered time significantly effect on vaccination of C. songaricum. With the increasing of sand/soil ratio and water-tempered time, the average vaccination rates of C. songaricum increase firstly and then decrease. The treatment that sand/soil is 1:1 and water-tempered lasts for 8ds shows the highest vaccination rate. Water-tempered last for 8 d, vaccination rates were respectively increased by 58.03%(P<0.01)and 19.34%(P>0.05)than sand/soil ratio of 3:7 and 7:3, and significantly higher than any other treatments.
引文
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