甘肃鼢鼠（Myospalax Cansus）、根田鼠（Microtus oeconomus）犁鼻系统研究
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摘要
甘肃鼢鼠是一种独居、具有领域性和攻击性的地下鼠。它生活在独立的洞道中,除了繁殖季节外,几乎不与其他个体接触。甘肃鼢鼠在行为和生理方面都表现出对地下环境的适应性。本研究用组织学和免疫组织化学方法,对营地下生活的甘肃鼢鼠(Myospalax cansus)与地面生活的根田鼠(Microtus oeconomus)的犁鼻器、副嗅球的组织结构及甘肃鼢鼠犁鼻系统投射区中c-Fos蛋白表达进行研究,旨在探讨地下鼠与地面鼠犁鼻系统的差异以及甘肃鼢鼠嗅觉的功能状况。研究结果表明:
1.甘肃鼢鼠与根田鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球的结构相似。两种鼠的犁鼻器均位于鼻腔前端鼻中隔基部的两侧,呈管状结构。犁鼻管内侧壁为犁鼻上皮,外侧壁略向囊腔中央突起,为假复层纤毛上皮,底端为一个三角形的骨髓腔。沿着犁鼻器的长轴犁鼻管呈现不同的形态学特征。犁鼻管直接开口于鼻腔,从前向后沿着长轴旋转,犁鼻上皮的位置也随之改变,位置由侧面逐渐转到底部。假复层纤毛上皮由犁鼻管侧面逐渐转到犁鼻管顶部。犁鼻管末端最终变小成为一个腺体的分支。甘肃鼢鼠和根田鼠副嗅球的显微结构由肾丝球层、外网织层、僧帽细胞层、内网织层和颗粒细胞层五种结构组成。
2.甘肃鼢鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球的结构存在性二型分化。成年雄性甘肃鼢鼠的犁鼻上皮厚度、副嗅球颗粒细胞带宽与僧帽细胞带宽雄性显著大于雌性(P<0.05),而犁鼻黏膜长度、犁鼻上皮神经元细胞密度、神经元细胞核直径、副嗅球颗粒细胞带长与僧帽细胞带长等在雌雄间差异不显著(P>0.05)。甘肃鼢鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球的性二型分化比根田鼠更为显著。
3.根田鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球结构亦存在性二型现象。成年雄性个体的犁鼻上皮厚度和副嗅球颗粒细胞带长大于雌性个体(P<0.05),雄性个体的犁鼻上皮神经元细胞密度、副嗅球僧帽细胞带长宽、副嗅球僧帽细胞密度、副嗅球颗粒细胞带宽和雌性个体无显著差异(P>0.05)。
4.甘肃鼢鼠犁鼻上皮厚度和副嗅球颗粒细胞和僧帽细胞带宽比根田鼠发达(P<0.05)。说明地下鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球比地面鼠发达,在求偶交配中的作用大于地面鼠。
5.甘肃鼢鼠与根田鼠犁鼻器和副嗅球的形态有一定的对应关系,甘肃鼢鼠犁鼻上皮、副嗅球厚而短;根田鼠犁鼻上皮、副嗅球薄而长。两种鼠均存在这种对应关系,可能与犁鼻器和副嗅球之间存在着神经投射有关。
Gansu zokor (Myospalax cansus) is a solitary, territorial and aggressive subterranean rodent. It lives in individual tunnel systems, rarely encountering each other except during the mating season. It shows the most striking behavioral and physiological adaptation to underground life. In order to compare the accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ between subterranean rodent and surface dwell rodent as well as the function in their life history, the histological and immunohistochemistrical methods were used to study the structure of accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ in Gansu zokor (Myospalax cansus) and root vole (Microtus oeconomus), and the c-Fos expression and its distribution in the vomeronasal system projects regions in the Gansu zokor brain were also determined. The main results are as follows:1. The structure of accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ of Gansu zokor are similar to the root vole. Vomeronasal epidermis is in the inboard wall of vomeronasal tube, while outside wall protrudes to the central cave slightly, which is pseudostratified epithelium, and its base is bone marrow of a triangle. The vomeronasal tube opens into the nasal cavity directly. In its rostral portion, it had a lateral flattened shape, but caudally the organ exhibited a typical crescent shape and a greater size. The organ is rotated along its longitudinal axis. The location of the vomeronasal epidermis shifted from the basal vomeronasal tube to the lateral vomeronasal tube gradually. The location of the pseudostratified epithelium shifted from the lateral vomeronasal tube to top of the vomeronasal tube gradually. In its most caudal portion the organ decreased in size and ends in glandular branches. The microstructures of accessory olfactory bulb of Gansu zokor and root vole are composed of glomeruli layer, external plexiform layer, mitral cell layer, internal plexiform layer and granule cell layer.2. Accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ of Gansu zokor have sexually dimorphic. In Gansu zokor, the vomeronasal epidermis thickness in adult males, the zones width of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells are remarkably wider than that of the females (P<0.05). But the length of vomeronasal
mucous, the density of vomeronasal epidermis neuron cells, the diameter of neuron cell nucleus, the zones length of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells in females and males are no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the root voles, the sexually dimorphic of accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ in Gansu zokor are obvious.3. Accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ of root vole is sexually dimorphic. The vomeronasal epidermis is thick in adult males of root vole. The zones length of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells are longer than the females (P<0.05). But the density of vomeronasal epidermis neuron cells, the zones length of accessory olfactory bulb mitral cells, the density of accessory olfactory bulb mitral cells, the zones width of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells in females and males are no significant difference (P>0.05).4. The vomeronasal epidermis thickness in Gansu zokor, the zones width of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells are well developed than that of the root vole (P<0.05). So accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ of Gansu zokor are well developed than that of the root vole, and it take a important role in the mating and courtship activitise of the Gansu zokor.5. There is a certain corresponding relation between the accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ shape. The vomeronasal epidermis and accessory olfactory bulb of Gansu zokor are thick and short. The vomeronasal epidermis and the accessory olfactory bulb of root voles are thin and long. The cause of this kind of corresponding relation is there is nerve projection between these two structures.6. Stimulated by the unfamiliar homogeneous urine of Gansu zokor, the frequency to visite the stimulant origin of the male Gansu zokor is obviously higher than the female (P<0.05). The duration of sniffing/licking the sent origin is shorter than the female (p<0.05). It showed that the capcity to distingusih the unfamiliar homogeneous urine has a sex difference distingusih in Gansu zokor. Compared with the data on the root vole, ability distingusih to unfamiliar homogeneous urine in Gansu zokor is stronger than in root vole.7. Stimulated by the unfamiliar homogeneous urine of Gansu zokor, c-Fos-IR present in the accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells, main olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), medial preoptic area (MPO), medial
1.甘肃鼢鼠与根田鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球的结构相似。两种鼠的犁鼻器均位于鼻腔前端鼻中隔基部的两侧,呈管状结构。犁鼻管内侧壁为犁鼻上皮,外侧壁略向囊腔中央突起,为假复层纤毛上皮,底端为一个三角形的骨髓腔。沿着犁鼻器的长轴犁鼻管呈现不同的形态学特征。犁鼻管直接开口于鼻腔,从前向后沿着长轴旋转,犁鼻上皮的位置也随之改变,位置由侧面逐渐转到底部。假复层纤毛上皮由犁鼻管侧面逐渐转到犁鼻管顶部。犁鼻管末端最终变小成为一个腺体的分支。甘肃鼢鼠和根田鼠副嗅球的显微结构由肾丝球层、外网织层、僧帽细胞层、内网织层和颗粒细胞层五种结构组成。
2.甘肃鼢鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球的结构存在性二型分化。成年雄性甘肃鼢鼠的犁鼻上皮厚度、副嗅球颗粒细胞带宽与僧帽细胞带宽雄性显著大于雌性(P<0.05),而犁鼻黏膜长度、犁鼻上皮神经元细胞密度、神经元细胞核直径、副嗅球颗粒细胞带长与僧帽细胞带长等在雌雄间差异不显著(P>0.05)。甘肃鼢鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球的性二型分化比根田鼠更为显著。
3.根田鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球结构亦存在性二型现象。成年雄性个体的犁鼻上皮厚度和副嗅球颗粒细胞带长大于雌性个体(P<0.05),雄性个体的犁鼻上皮神经元细胞密度、副嗅球僧帽细胞带长宽、副嗅球僧帽细胞密度、副嗅球颗粒细胞带宽和雌性个体无显著差异(P>0.05)。
4.甘肃鼢鼠犁鼻上皮厚度和副嗅球颗粒细胞和僧帽细胞带宽比根田鼠发达(P<0.05)。说明地下鼠犁鼻器、副嗅球比地面鼠发达,在求偶交配中的作用大于地面鼠。
5.甘肃鼢鼠与根田鼠犁鼻器和副嗅球的形态有一定的对应关系,甘肃鼢鼠犁鼻上皮、副嗅球厚而短;根田鼠犁鼻上皮、副嗅球薄而长。两种鼠均存在这种对应关系,可能与犁鼻器和副嗅球之间存在着神经投射有关。
Gansu zokor (Myospalax cansus) is a solitary, territorial and aggressive subterranean rodent. It lives in individual tunnel systems, rarely encountering each other except during the mating season. It shows the most striking behavioral and physiological adaptation to underground life. In order to compare the accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ between subterranean rodent and surface dwell rodent as well as the function in their life history, the histological and immunohistochemistrical methods were used to study the structure of accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ in Gansu zokor (Myospalax cansus) and root vole (Microtus oeconomus), and the c-Fos expression and its distribution in the vomeronasal system projects regions in the Gansu zokor brain were also determined. The main results are as follows:1. The structure of accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ of Gansu zokor are similar to the root vole. Vomeronasal epidermis is in the inboard wall of vomeronasal tube, while outside wall protrudes to the central cave slightly, which is pseudostratified epithelium, and its base is bone marrow of a triangle. The vomeronasal tube opens into the nasal cavity directly. In its rostral portion, it had a lateral flattened shape, but caudally the organ exhibited a typical crescent shape and a greater size. The organ is rotated along its longitudinal axis. The location of the vomeronasal epidermis shifted from the basal vomeronasal tube to the lateral vomeronasal tube gradually. The location of the pseudostratified epithelium shifted from the lateral vomeronasal tube to top of the vomeronasal tube gradually. In its most caudal portion the organ decreased in size and ends in glandular branches. The microstructures of accessory olfactory bulb of Gansu zokor and root vole are composed of glomeruli layer, external plexiform layer, mitral cell layer, internal plexiform layer and granule cell layer.2. Accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ of Gansu zokor have sexually dimorphic. In Gansu zokor, the vomeronasal epidermis thickness in adult males, the zones width of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells are remarkably wider than that of the females (P<0.05). But the length of vomeronasal
mucous, the density of vomeronasal epidermis neuron cells, the diameter of neuron cell nucleus, the zones length of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells in females and males are no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with the root voles, the sexually dimorphic of accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ in Gansu zokor are obvious.3. Accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ of root vole is sexually dimorphic. The vomeronasal epidermis is thick in adult males of root vole. The zones length of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells are longer than the females (P<0.05). But the density of vomeronasal epidermis neuron cells, the zones length of accessory olfactory bulb mitral cells, the density of accessory olfactory bulb mitral cells, the zones width of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells in females and males are no significant difference (P>0.05).4. The vomeronasal epidermis thickness in Gansu zokor, the zones width of accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells are well developed than that of the root vole (P<0.05). So accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ of Gansu zokor are well developed than that of the root vole, and it take a important role in the mating and courtship activitise of the Gansu zokor.5. There is a certain corresponding relation between the accessory olfactory bulb and vomeronasal organ shape. The vomeronasal epidermis and accessory olfactory bulb of Gansu zokor are thick and short. The vomeronasal epidermis and the accessory olfactory bulb of root voles are thin and long. The cause of this kind of corresponding relation is there is nerve projection between these two structures.6. Stimulated by the unfamiliar homogeneous urine of Gansu zokor, the frequency to visite the stimulant origin of the male Gansu zokor is obviously higher than the female (P<0.05). The duration of sniffing/licking the sent origin is shorter than the female (p<0.05). It showed that the capcity to distingusih the unfamiliar homogeneous urine has a sex difference distingusih in Gansu zokor. Compared with the data on the root vole, ability distingusih to unfamiliar homogeneous urine in Gansu zokor is stronger than in root vole.7. Stimulated by the unfamiliar homogeneous urine of Gansu zokor, c-Fos-IR present in the accessory olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells, main olfactory bulb granular cells and the mitral cells, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), medial preoptic area (MPO), medial
引文
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