不同运动补剂配伍服用对竞走运动员训练水平和身体机能影响的实验研究
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摘要
竞走运动属于长时间的耐力性运动。在奥运会比赛中,优秀竞走运动员需一小时多的时间完成20km全程,男子50km竞走完成全程的时间近四小时。除运动时间超常外,竞走运动还具有独特的技术要求与严格的裁判规则,这些特点决定了运动员在训练和比赛中需要具备坚强的意志品质、完善的竞走技术、合理的战术配合以及全面身体素质。由于比赛时间较长,该项运动过程中的能量输出也随时间发生改变。在长时间竞走运动中,提供能量的主要物质是糖和脂肪。竞走是典型的周期性耐力性项目,其能量代谢特点是有氧代谢、糖酵解和磷酸原(ATP-CP)三种功能系统兼有的混合代谢。代谢类型随着项目距离的增加,逐渐从糖酵解为主的混合代谢过程向以有氧代谢为主的混合代谢过程过渡。长距离竞走运动员既要有良好的耐力能力作基础,又要具备很高的速度水平。竞走属于高速度的耐力项目。良好的有氧能力是竞走运动员的基础,而速度和速度耐力水平是决定竞走运动员专项运动成绩的重要因素之一。训练中强调在有氧耐力训练后进行有氧无氧混合训练,最后进行ATP—CP和糖酵解代谢为主的大强度训练。优秀竞走运动员的速度训练一般是在专项训练或大强度训练后,机体内处在一定乳酸堆积的条件下,发展运动员的最大速度,以促进运动员速度耐力水平的提高。因此,竞走运动员中不仅要有很强的耐久性,而且训练的负荷量大,所以训练对心肺功能、能量代谢以及神经系统的要求均较高。
大量的运动实践表明,高水平竞走运动员进行中等强度的运动训练对机体的刺激较小,很难提高运动成绩;而进行大强度的运动训练又会引起运动员身体机能的明显下降,影响运动员的训练和比赛;如何既保证运动强度又能使运动员的身体机能尽快恢复,一直是困扰竞技体育发展的重大问题。本实验采用可以提高运动员血睾酮水平、增强抗疲劳能力的蒺藜皂甙(康比特蒺藜皂甙胶囊)与长白景仙灵合用的方法,同时配合缓解运动损伤,提高免疫能力的康比特番茄红素和康比特100%谷氨酰胺胶囊,防止运动性贫血的比特铁胶囊以及提高有氧代谢速度的L-肉碱进行营养补充。本实验的目的是为更科学地对竞走运动员进行机能监控和营养干预,提高运动成绩提供实验依据。
本实验选取中国国家竞走队男、女竞走运动员各12人,共24人进行实验,运动员共进行9周训练,并同时进行营养干预,在每一天清晨测试运动员的晨脉和血压值,在1、3、5、7、9周末进行血常规、血清免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)、血睾酮(T)、血清尿素氮(BUN)和血清肌酸激酶(CK)值的测试。
实验结果显示:(1)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以加速男、女竞走运动员在大强度训练期的晨脉恢复水平,这表明运动员心率储备能力有所增强,有利于运动员运动后的机能恢复。(2)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以调节男、女竞走运动员在大强度训练期的血压水平,这表明运动员心肌收缩能力有所增强,使其能够较快的适应预定的运动负荷。(3)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以抑制大强度训练造成的红细胞计数(RBC)及其参数的下降,这表明复合补剂可以防止红细胞的氧化损伤和衰老进程,从而起到保护红细胞结构的完整性。(4)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以抑制大强度训练造成的血红蛋白含量(Hb)及其参数的下降,这表明复合补剂有利于抑制大强度训练造成的Hb浓度下降,改善运动员的机能水平,适应大强度运动训练对机体的刺激。(5)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以调节大强度训练造成的细胞免疫功能的下降,这表明复合补剂有利于调节大强度训练中运动员免疫细胞的活性,增强机体的细胞免疫机能。(6)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以调节大强度训练造成的体液免疫功能的下降,这表明复合补剂有利于调节大强度训练中运动员的体液免疫水平。(7)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以提高男、女竞走运动员的T水平,促进机体内蛋白质的合成和机能水平的快速恢复,适应大强度训练对机体的刺激,提高机体的运动能力。(8)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以降低大强度训练后次日晨血清CK水平,有利于运动员机体机能的快速恢复,保证训练任务的顺利完成。(9)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以调节大负荷运动造成的BUN水平异常,减轻了运动员的疲劳程度,保证了训练任务的顺利完成和竞技水平的正常发挥。
结论:不同运动补剂配伍使用可以全面提高男、女竞走运动员的身体机能水平,减少大强度训练给机体带来的损伤;可以显著提高运动员的血红蛋白(Hb)水平,增加运动员的有氧代谢能力;还可以调节大强度耐力运动中的免疫水平,保证训练计划的顺利完成。
The heel-to-toe walking race movement belongs to the long time endurance movement.In the Olympic Games compete,the outstanding heel-to-toe walking race athlete needs two hour much time to complete the 20kin entire journey,the male 50km heel-to-toe walking race completes the entire journey time near four hours.Besides movement time superior,the heel-to-toe walking race movement also has the unique specification and the strict referee rule,these characteristics had decided the athlete in trains and in the competition needs to have the strong will quality,the consummation heel-to-toe walking race technology,the reasonable tactical coordination as well as the comprehensive physical quality.Because the playing time is long,in this rate process's energy output also has the change along with the time.In the long time heel-to-toe walking race movement, provides the energy the main material is the sugar and the fat.The heel-to-toe walking race is the typical periodic endurance project,its energy metabolism characteristic has the mix metabolism which oxygen metabolism,the sugar zymolysis and the phosphoric acid original(ATP-CP) three kind of functional systems have at the same time.The metabolic type along with project distance's increase,to by has the oxygen metabolism mix metabolism process transition gradually primarily from the sugar zymolysis mix metabolism process primarily.The long distance heel-to-toe walking race athlete both must have the good endurance ability to be used as the basis,and must have the very high speed level.The heel-to-toe walking race belongs to the high velocity endurance project. Good has the oxygen ability is the heel-to-toe walking race athlete's foundation,but the speed and the speed endurance level decides one of heel-to-toe walking race athlete special movement result important attributes.In the training emphasized after having the oxygen endurance training carries on has the oxygen lack of oxygen mix training,finally carries on ATP-CP and the sugar zymolysis metabolism great intensity training primarily.The outstanding heel-to-toe walking race athlete's speed training is generally after the special training or the great intensity training,in organism occupies certain lactic acid stack under the condition,develops athlete's maximum speed,promotes the athlete speed endurance level enhancement.Therefore,not only in the heel-to-toe walking race athlete must have the very strong durability,moreover trains the load is big,therefore the training to the cardiopulmonary function,the energy metabolism as well as nervous system's request is high.
The massive movement practice indicated that the high level heel-to-toe walking race athlete carries on the medium intensity the movement training to be small to organism stimulation,very difficult to improve the movement result;But will carry on the great intensity the movement training to cause the athlete body function obvious drop,will affect athlete's training and the competition; How both can the guarantee movement intensity and make athlete's bodily function to restore as soon as possible,has been puzzles athletics sports development the major issue.This experiment uses may raise the athlete blood testosterone level,strengthen the anti-fatigue capability the puncture vine soap glucoside(Kang bit puncture vine soap glucoside capsule) the method which the spirit comes in handy with long Bai Jingxian,simultaneously coordinates the alleviation athletic injury, sharpens the immunity ability a Kang bit lycopene and the Kang bit 100%valley ammonia amide capsule,prevents the mobile anemia's bit hard capsule as well as the enhancement has oxygen rate of metabolism L- the meat alkali to carry on the nutrition to supplement.This experiment's goal is to carry on the function monitoring and the nutrition intervention scientifically to the heel-to-toe walking race athlete,improves the movement result to provide the experiment to rest on.
This experiment selects the Chinese country heel-to-toe walking race team male,female heel-to-toe walking race athlete each 12 people,the altogether 24 people carry on the experiment, the athlete altogether carry on 9 week training,simultaneously and carries on the nutrition intervention,tests athlete's early morning arteries and the blood pressure value in the morning in each day,in 1,3,5,7,9 weekends carries on the routine blood test,the seroimmunity globulin(IgG, IgA,IgM),the blood testosterone(T),the blood serum urea nitrogen(BUN) and the blood serum creatine kinase(CK) the value test.
The experimental result showed:(1) the different movement tonic blends takes may accelerate male,the female heel-to-toe walking race athlete to restore the level in the great intensity training period early morning arteries,this indicated that athlete heart rate idle capacity has the enhancement, is advantageous after the athlete movement the function restoration.(2) the different movement tonic blends takes may adjust male,the female heel-to-toe walking race athlete in the great intensity training period blood pressure level,this indicated that athlete cardiac muscle contraction ability has the enhancement,enables its quick adaptation predetermined physiological load of exercise.(3) the different movement tonic blends takes may suppress the red cell count which the great intensity training creates(RBC) and the parameter drop,this indicated that the compound tonic may prevent the red blood cell the oxidized damage and the senile advancement,thus has the protection red blood cell structure the integrity.(4) the different movement tonic blends takes may suppress the hemoglobin content which the great intensity training creates(Hb) and the parameter drop,this indicated that the compound tonic is advantageous in suppresses the Hb density which the great intensity training creates to drop,improves athlete's function level,adapts the great intensity movement training to organism stimulation.(5) the different movement tonic blends takes may adjust the cellular immunity function drop which the great intensity training creates,this indicated that the compound tonic is advantageous in adjusts in the great intensity training athlete immune cell's activeness,the enhancement organism cellular immunity function.(6) the different movement tonic blends takes may adjust the humoral immunity function drop which the great intensity training creates,this indicated that the compound tonic is advantageous in adjusts in the great intensity training athlete's humoral immunity level.(7) the different movement tonic blends takes may raise male,the female heel-to-toe walking race athlete's T level,promotes in organism the protein synthesis and the function level quick recovery,adapts the great intensity training to organism stimulation,enhances organism the motor ability.(after 8) the different movement tonic blends takes may reduce the great intensity training,the next day early morning blood serum CK level,is advantageous in the athlete organism function quick recovery,guarantees the training mission smooth completion.(9) the different movement tonic blended takes may adjust the BUN level which the big load movement created to be unusual,reduced athlete's weary degree,had guaranteed the training mission completed smoothly with the athletics level normal display.
Conclusion:The different movement tonic blends the use to be possible to raise male,the female heel-to-toe walking race athlete's bodily function level comprehensively,reduces the great intensity training the damage which brings to organism;May obviously enhance athlete's hemoglobin(Hb) the level,increases the athlete to have the oxygen metabolism ability;May also adjust in the great intensity endurance movement the immunity level,guarantees the training plan smooth completion.
大量的运动实践表明,高水平竞走运动员进行中等强度的运动训练对机体的刺激较小,很难提高运动成绩;而进行大强度的运动训练又会引起运动员身体机能的明显下降,影响运动员的训练和比赛;如何既保证运动强度又能使运动员的身体机能尽快恢复,一直是困扰竞技体育发展的重大问题。本实验采用可以提高运动员血睾酮水平、增强抗疲劳能力的蒺藜皂甙(康比特蒺藜皂甙胶囊)与长白景仙灵合用的方法,同时配合缓解运动损伤,提高免疫能力的康比特番茄红素和康比特100%谷氨酰胺胶囊,防止运动性贫血的比特铁胶囊以及提高有氧代谢速度的L-肉碱进行营养补充。本实验的目的是为更科学地对竞走运动员进行机能监控和营养干预,提高运动成绩提供实验依据。
本实验选取中国国家竞走队男、女竞走运动员各12人,共24人进行实验,运动员共进行9周训练,并同时进行营养干预,在每一天清晨测试运动员的晨脉和血压值,在1、3、5、7、9周末进行血常规、血清免疫球蛋白(IgG、IgA、IgM)、血睾酮(T)、血清尿素氮(BUN)和血清肌酸激酶(CK)值的测试。
实验结果显示:(1)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以加速男、女竞走运动员在大强度训练期的晨脉恢复水平,这表明运动员心率储备能力有所增强,有利于运动员运动后的机能恢复。(2)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以调节男、女竞走运动员在大强度训练期的血压水平,这表明运动员心肌收缩能力有所增强,使其能够较快的适应预定的运动负荷。(3)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以抑制大强度训练造成的红细胞计数(RBC)及其参数的下降,这表明复合补剂可以防止红细胞的氧化损伤和衰老进程,从而起到保护红细胞结构的完整性。(4)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以抑制大强度训练造成的血红蛋白含量(Hb)及其参数的下降,这表明复合补剂有利于抑制大强度训练造成的Hb浓度下降,改善运动员的机能水平,适应大强度运动训练对机体的刺激。(5)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以调节大强度训练造成的细胞免疫功能的下降,这表明复合补剂有利于调节大强度训练中运动员免疫细胞的活性,增强机体的细胞免疫机能。(6)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以调节大强度训练造成的体液免疫功能的下降,这表明复合补剂有利于调节大强度训练中运动员的体液免疫水平。(7)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以提高男、女竞走运动员的T水平,促进机体内蛋白质的合成和机能水平的快速恢复,适应大强度训练对机体的刺激,提高机体的运动能力。(8)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以降低大强度训练后次日晨血清CK水平,有利于运动员机体机能的快速恢复,保证训练任务的顺利完成。(9)不同运动补剂配伍服用可以调节大负荷运动造成的BUN水平异常,减轻了运动员的疲劳程度,保证了训练任务的顺利完成和竞技水平的正常发挥。
结论:不同运动补剂配伍使用可以全面提高男、女竞走运动员的身体机能水平,减少大强度训练给机体带来的损伤;可以显著提高运动员的血红蛋白(Hb)水平,增加运动员的有氧代谢能力;还可以调节大强度耐力运动中的免疫水平,保证训练计划的顺利完成。
The heel-to-toe walking race movement belongs to the long time endurance movement.In the Olympic Games compete,the outstanding heel-to-toe walking race athlete needs two hour much time to complete the 20kin entire journey,the male 50km heel-to-toe walking race completes the entire journey time near four hours.Besides movement time superior,the heel-to-toe walking race movement also has the unique specification and the strict referee rule,these characteristics had decided the athlete in trains and in the competition needs to have the strong will quality,the consummation heel-to-toe walking race technology,the reasonable tactical coordination as well as the comprehensive physical quality.Because the playing time is long,in this rate process's energy output also has the change along with the time.In the long time heel-to-toe walking race movement, provides the energy the main material is the sugar and the fat.The heel-to-toe walking race is the typical periodic endurance project,its energy metabolism characteristic has the mix metabolism which oxygen metabolism,the sugar zymolysis and the phosphoric acid original(ATP-CP) three kind of functional systems have at the same time.The metabolic type along with project distance's increase,to by has the oxygen metabolism mix metabolism process transition gradually primarily from the sugar zymolysis mix metabolism process primarily.The long distance heel-to-toe walking race athlete both must have the good endurance ability to be used as the basis,and must have the very high speed level.The heel-to-toe walking race belongs to the high velocity endurance project. Good has the oxygen ability is the heel-to-toe walking race athlete's foundation,but the speed and the speed endurance level decides one of heel-to-toe walking race athlete special movement result important attributes.In the training emphasized after having the oxygen endurance training carries on has the oxygen lack of oxygen mix training,finally carries on ATP-CP and the sugar zymolysis metabolism great intensity training primarily.The outstanding heel-to-toe walking race athlete's speed training is generally after the special training or the great intensity training,in organism occupies certain lactic acid stack under the condition,develops athlete's maximum speed,promotes the athlete speed endurance level enhancement.Therefore,not only in the heel-to-toe walking race athlete must have the very strong durability,moreover trains the load is big,therefore the training to the cardiopulmonary function,the energy metabolism as well as nervous system's request is high.
The massive movement practice indicated that the high level heel-to-toe walking race athlete carries on the medium intensity the movement training to be small to organism stimulation,very difficult to improve the movement result;But will carry on the great intensity the movement training to cause the athlete body function obvious drop,will affect athlete's training and the competition; How both can the guarantee movement intensity and make athlete's bodily function to restore as soon as possible,has been puzzles athletics sports development the major issue.This experiment uses may raise the athlete blood testosterone level,strengthen the anti-fatigue capability the puncture vine soap glucoside(Kang bit puncture vine soap glucoside capsule) the method which the spirit comes in handy with long Bai Jingxian,simultaneously coordinates the alleviation athletic injury, sharpens the immunity ability a Kang bit lycopene and the Kang bit 100%valley ammonia amide capsule,prevents the mobile anemia's bit hard capsule as well as the enhancement has oxygen rate of metabolism L- the meat alkali to carry on the nutrition to supplement.This experiment's goal is to carry on the function monitoring and the nutrition intervention scientifically to the heel-to-toe walking race athlete,improves the movement result to provide the experiment to rest on.
This experiment selects the Chinese country heel-to-toe walking race team male,female heel-to-toe walking race athlete each 12 people,the altogether 24 people carry on the experiment, the athlete altogether carry on 9 week training,simultaneously and carries on the nutrition intervention,tests athlete's early morning arteries and the blood pressure value in the morning in each day,in 1,3,5,7,9 weekends carries on the routine blood test,the seroimmunity globulin(IgG, IgA,IgM),the blood testosterone(T),the blood serum urea nitrogen(BUN) and the blood serum creatine kinase(CK) the value test.
The experimental result showed:(1) the different movement tonic blends takes may accelerate male,the female heel-to-toe walking race athlete to restore the level in the great intensity training period early morning arteries,this indicated that athlete heart rate idle capacity has the enhancement, is advantageous after the athlete movement the function restoration.(2) the different movement tonic blends takes may adjust male,the female heel-to-toe walking race athlete in the great intensity training period blood pressure level,this indicated that athlete cardiac muscle contraction ability has the enhancement,enables its quick adaptation predetermined physiological load of exercise.(3) the different movement tonic blends takes may suppress the red cell count which the great intensity training creates(RBC) and the parameter drop,this indicated that the compound tonic may prevent the red blood cell the oxidized damage and the senile advancement,thus has the protection red blood cell structure the integrity.(4) the different movement tonic blends takes may suppress the hemoglobin content which the great intensity training creates(Hb) and the parameter drop,this indicated that the compound tonic is advantageous in suppresses the Hb density which the great intensity training creates to drop,improves athlete's function level,adapts the great intensity movement training to organism stimulation.(5) the different movement tonic blends takes may adjust the cellular immunity function drop which the great intensity training creates,this indicated that the compound tonic is advantageous in adjusts in the great intensity training athlete immune cell's activeness,the enhancement organism cellular immunity function.(6) the different movement tonic blends takes may adjust the humoral immunity function drop which the great intensity training creates,this indicated that the compound tonic is advantageous in adjusts in the great intensity training athlete's humoral immunity level.(7) the different movement tonic blends takes may raise male,the female heel-to-toe walking race athlete's T level,promotes in organism the protein synthesis and the function level quick recovery,adapts the great intensity training to organism stimulation,enhances organism the motor ability.(after 8) the different movement tonic blends takes may reduce the great intensity training,the next day early morning blood serum CK level,is advantageous in the athlete organism function quick recovery,guarantees the training mission smooth completion.(9) the different movement tonic blended takes may adjust the BUN level which the big load movement created to be unusual,reduced athlete's weary degree,had guaranteed the training mission completed smoothly with the athletics level normal display.
Conclusion:The different movement tonic blends the use to be possible to raise male,the female heel-to-toe walking race athlete's bodily function level comprehensively,reduces the great intensity training the damage which brings to organism;May obviously enhance athlete's hemoglobin(Hb) the level,increases the athlete to have the oxygen metabolism ability;May also adjust in the great intensity endurance movement the immunity level,guarantees the training plan smooth completion.
引文
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