聚芳醚腈和聚苯硫醚的改性及相关性能研究
摘要
工程塑料是指一类可以作为结构材料,在较宽的温度范围内承受机械应力,在较为苛刻的化学物理环境中使用的高性能的高分子材料。特种工程塑料是相对于尼龙(PA)、聚碳酸酯(PC)、聚甲醛(POM)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)以及改性聚苯醚(PPO)等常见工程塑料而言,综合性能更好且具有特殊用途的一大类工程塑料。
本文中,主要研究了两种耐高温特种工程塑料——聚芳醚腈和聚苯硫醚。聚芳醚腈(PEN)是具有代表性的聚芳醚类高分子之一,它是一种结构比较规整的半结晶高聚物,而且其分子主链和侧链分别含有刚性的苯环和腈基,使得聚芳醚腈具有耐高温热稳定性,同时主链上的醚键,又使它有一定的柔顺性,因此其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)比聚醚酮(PEK)类要低,优良的性能使其在特种工程材料方面具有广阔的前景。聚苯硫醚(PPS)是具有代表性的聚芳硫醚类高分子之一,它具有优异的耐热性、阻燃性、绝缘性,其强度和硬度均较高,机械性能优良,制品的尺寸稳定性好,可用多种加工成型方法加工,并可精密成型。但在实际加工过程中,PEN熔融温度高,熔体粘度大,而PPS的熔体粘度非常小,因此两者单独加工时,对加工设备和模具的要求很高,且难以摸索加工工艺参数,导致实际加工难度较大。
由于PEN能溶于DMF等极性有机溶剂,具有很好的成膜性,为了赋予PEN薄膜一定的功能性,本文利用稀土和钛酸钡为原料,对PEN薄膜进行改性,并用IR分析了其结构,用STA表征了他们的热性能,用荧光光谱表征了薄膜的光学性能,用XRD表征了薄膜的结晶性能,用高阻计比较了电性能的变化等,获得了初步研究结果,拓宽了PEN树脂作为功能材料的用途。此外,我们以PA6、PC、ABS和PEN对PPS进行共混改性,测试了共混后力学性能、热性能、结晶性能的变化,对PPS的加工及综合性能的改善做了初步的探索。
一、PEN薄膜的改性和性能研究
1.稀土掺杂PEN膜的制备及性能初探
利用五种氧化稀土为原料,制得稀土配合物,加到PEN/DMF溶液中,用流延法制得表观均匀透明的光致发光PEN薄膜,测试了薄膜的力学性能、热性能、电
Engineering plastics are those special polymers with excellent properties, which can be used as constructional materials, even in trenchant chemical and physical circumstance. Compared with PA, PC, POM, PBT/PET and modified PPO, some special engineering plastics such as PEN [poly(arylene ether nitriles)] and PPS[poly(phenylene sulfide)] present better integrated properties and usually be used in special purpose.
In this paper, two kinds of heat-resistant engineering plastics PEN and PPS were chosen to be investigated, aiming at exploring the possible pathways to improve the processing and other properties. PEN is one of representative of polyether, which is a typical semi-crystalline polymer of perfect construction and usually showing nice heat-resistant and heat stability due to the rigid aryl group in main chain and nitrile group in side chain. Additionally, PEN has a low Tg than that of PEK, because of its flexibility by those ether bond in main chain. Therefore, it has extensive foreground in use of specialty engineering material due to those perfect properties. PPS is one of representative of polyaryl sulfide, which shows excellent properties like PEN. It can machine shaping through many ways, and also can use to precision finishing. But both of them were difficult to process, because the melt point and melt viscosity of PEN are very high while the melt viscosity of PPS is very low. As a result, the suitable condition and parameters of processing are difficult to find.
However, PEN is easy to solve in DMF and is facile to prepare films. In order to functionalize PEN films, we used rare earth and BaTiO3 as raw material to modify PEN film, which could make its use as functional material extend. The films were characterized by IR, STA, Fluorescence spectrum, XRD and high resistance meter. Moreover, PPS was modified through blending with PA6, PC, ABS and PEN, then the properties studies were carried out.
1. Studies on modification and properties of PEN film
本文中,主要研究了两种耐高温特种工程塑料——聚芳醚腈和聚苯硫醚。聚芳醚腈(PEN)是具有代表性的聚芳醚类高分子之一,它是一种结构比较规整的半结晶高聚物,而且其分子主链和侧链分别含有刚性的苯环和腈基,使得聚芳醚腈具有耐高温热稳定性,同时主链上的醚键,又使它有一定的柔顺性,因此其玻璃化转变温度(Tg)比聚醚酮(PEK)类要低,优良的性能使其在特种工程材料方面具有广阔的前景。聚苯硫醚(PPS)是具有代表性的聚芳硫醚类高分子之一,它具有优异的耐热性、阻燃性、绝缘性,其强度和硬度均较高,机械性能优良,制品的尺寸稳定性好,可用多种加工成型方法加工,并可精密成型。但在实际加工过程中,PEN熔融温度高,熔体粘度大,而PPS的熔体粘度非常小,因此两者单独加工时,对加工设备和模具的要求很高,且难以摸索加工工艺参数,导致实际加工难度较大。
由于PEN能溶于DMF等极性有机溶剂,具有很好的成膜性,为了赋予PEN薄膜一定的功能性,本文利用稀土和钛酸钡为原料,对PEN薄膜进行改性,并用IR分析了其结构,用STA表征了他们的热性能,用荧光光谱表征了薄膜的光学性能,用XRD表征了薄膜的结晶性能,用高阻计比较了电性能的变化等,获得了初步研究结果,拓宽了PEN树脂作为功能材料的用途。此外,我们以PA6、PC、ABS和PEN对PPS进行共混改性,测试了共混后力学性能、热性能、结晶性能的变化,对PPS的加工及综合性能的改善做了初步的探索。
一、PEN薄膜的改性和性能研究
1.稀土掺杂PEN膜的制备及性能初探
利用五种氧化稀土为原料,制得稀土配合物,加到PEN/DMF溶液中,用流延法制得表观均匀透明的光致发光PEN薄膜,测试了薄膜的力学性能、热性能、电
Engineering plastics are those special polymers with excellent properties, which can be used as constructional materials, even in trenchant chemical and physical circumstance. Compared with PA, PC, POM, PBT/PET and modified PPO, some special engineering plastics such as PEN [poly(arylene ether nitriles)] and PPS[poly(phenylene sulfide)] present better integrated properties and usually be used in special purpose.
In this paper, two kinds of heat-resistant engineering plastics PEN and PPS were chosen to be investigated, aiming at exploring the possible pathways to improve the processing and other properties. PEN is one of representative of polyether, which is a typical semi-crystalline polymer of perfect construction and usually showing nice heat-resistant and heat stability due to the rigid aryl group in main chain and nitrile group in side chain. Additionally, PEN has a low Tg than that of PEK, because of its flexibility by those ether bond in main chain. Therefore, it has extensive foreground in use of specialty engineering material due to those perfect properties. PPS is one of representative of polyaryl sulfide, which shows excellent properties like PEN. It can machine shaping through many ways, and also can use to precision finishing. But both of them were difficult to process, because the melt point and melt viscosity of PEN are very high while the melt viscosity of PPS is very low. As a result, the suitable condition and parameters of processing are difficult to find.
However, PEN is easy to solve in DMF and is facile to prepare films. In order to functionalize PEN films, we used rare earth and BaTiO3 as raw material to modify PEN film, which could make its use as functional material extend. The films were characterized by IR, STA, Fluorescence spectrum, XRD and high resistance meter. Moreover, PPS was modified through blending with PA6, PC, ABS and PEN, then the properties studies were carried out.
1. Studies on modification and properties of PEN film
引文
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