稀土杂化水凝胶的制备及其性能研究
摘要
采用自由基聚合的方法,以化学键合的方式将含双键的羧酸稀土掺入水凝胶体系,制得均匀透明且富有弹性的稀土杂化水凝胶,在传统水凝胶的基础上,更好的利用了稀土离子优异的光、电、磁等特性,以实现材料智能化的目标,本文从四个方面开展了工作并取得一定成果。
一、稀土杂化聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的制备及性能研究
合成了杂化稀土铕、钕的聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶,通过红外、环境扫描电镜、X-衍射分析,表明稀土钕、铕离子以化学键合的方式非常均匀地掺入聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶体系,水凝胶均匀透明且富有弹性。溶胀性能研究表明,稀土杂化聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶对温度、pH、离子强度均具有良好的响应性。
二、稀土杂化壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸水凝胶的制备及性能研究
稀土钕、铕离子能够以化学键合的方式非常均匀地掺入壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸水凝胶体系,合成的稀土杂化水凝胶呈酒红色、均匀透明且富有弹性。
通过DSC测试,掺入稀土后的水凝胶对比于掺入前,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)有所下降,拓宽了水凝胶的弹性体温度应用范围。溶胀性能研究表明,稀土杂化壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸水凝胶对温度、pH、离子强度均具有良好的响应性。通过荧光性能测试,发现在615nm处出现强发射峰,随着稀土铕离子在水凝胶体系中含量的增加,荧光强度逐渐增强,在传统水凝胶的基础上,赋予了它光致发光性能,拓宽了水凝胶的应用领域范围。
三、稀土杂化明胶/聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的制备及性能研究
将稀土钐、铕离子以化学键合的方式非常均匀地掺入明胶/聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶体系,合成的稀土杂化水凝胶呈浅黄色、均匀透明且富有弹性。通过溶胀性能研究,发现稀土杂化明胶/聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶对温度、pH、离子强度均具有良好的响应性。
四、稀土杂化明胶/聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的电响应行为的研究
通过三维数字显微测量系统,运用数字散斑相关方法考察了在非接触直流电场作用下Gel/P(AA/AM)、Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶的电场响应行为,这些凝胶均表现了一定的电场响应敏感特性,经过实验对比,杂化稀土后的Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶与Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶相比,对电场的响应更为敏感。
结合机理与实验研究表明,在非接触直流电场作用下,Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶在逆着电场方向表现为形变位移增大;而Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶在沿着电场方向表现为形变位移增大。在U场和V场中,水凝胶均随着电场强度的增大,形变位移量增大。
本文研究的意义在于利用了稀土离子优异的光、电、磁等特性,在传统水凝胶的基础上,将稀土离子以化学键合的方式掺入水凝胶体系,得到随温度、pH、离子强度及电场响应的稀土杂化水凝胶,以期在记忆元件开关、传感器、人造肌肉等方面得到应用。
P(AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth carboxylic were prepared by the method of free-radical solution polymerization, and the Rare-Earth were added to hydrogels by the bonding-type. In the end, the hydrogels we prepared were of uniformity, transparency and elasticity. On the base of traditional hydrogels, we made a good using of the excellent characteristics of Rare-Earth that including light, electricity and magnetism. The goal was to intelligentize materials. There were four parts in the paper made the achievement.
1. Synthesis and Characterization of P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth P(AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth Eu3+/Nd3+ were Synthesized, and the Rare-Earth was added to hydrogels by the bonding-type, and the hydrogels we prepared were of uniformity, transparency and elasticity. These were testified by the method of IR, ESEM and XRD. The testing of swollen properties showed that P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth could better response with the changing of temperature, pH and the intensity of ion.
2. Synthesis and Characterization of CS/PAA hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth
Rare-Earth could be added to CS/PAA hydrogels by the bonded-type, the hydrogels synthesized were of alcohol-redness, uniformity, transparency and elasticity.
The thermal properties were analyzed by DSC, and the results showed that the Tg was decreasing, and the temperature of application of elastomer was broadened. The testing of swollen properties showed that CS/PAA hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth could better response with the changing of temperature, pH and the intensity of ion. The strong emission peak was obtained at the 615nm by the fluorescence testing, and the intensity become stronger and stronger with the inceasing of the content of Eu3+. The fluorescence property was added on the base of traditional hydrogels, and the applied fields of hydrogels were broadened.
3. Synthesis and Characterization of Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth
Rare-Earth could be added to Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels by the bonding-type, the hydrogels synthesized were of buff, uniformity, transparency and elasticity. The testing of swollen properties showed that Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth could better response with the changing of temperature, pH and the intensity of ion.
4. Stimuli-response of Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogel bonded Rare-Earth under direct current electric field
Stimuli-response of Gel/P(AA/AM)、Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM) hydrogels were observed under direct current electric field, these were tested by using digital speckle correlation method and the three dimension digital microscope measure system. The hydrogels behaved the well stimuli-responsing. And compared to Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels, Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth stimuli-responsed better.
Combine the experiment and theory, the displacement of Gel/P(AA/AM) hydrogels increasing against the direction of electric field on the condition of direct current electric field, and the displacement of Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM) hydrogels increasing obeying the direction of electric field. Under the U and V electric field, the displacement of all hydrogels have become longer and longer with the increasing of electric field intensity.
The research showed that the Rare-Earth were added to hydrogels by the bonding-type and could better response with the changing of temperature, pH and the intensity of ion. A good use of the propertis of Rare-Earth including light, electricity and magnetism were made on the base of traditional hydrogels. The great meaning of the paper is that the hydrogels could make the application on the chemical switch component, sensors and artificial muscle and so on in the future.
一、稀土杂化聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的制备及性能研究
合成了杂化稀土铕、钕的聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶,通过红外、环境扫描电镜、X-衍射分析,表明稀土钕、铕离子以化学键合的方式非常均匀地掺入聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶体系,水凝胶均匀透明且富有弹性。溶胀性能研究表明,稀土杂化聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶对温度、pH、离子强度均具有良好的响应性。
二、稀土杂化壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸水凝胶的制备及性能研究
稀土钕、铕离子能够以化学键合的方式非常均匀地掺入壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸水凝胶体系,合成的稀土杂化水凝胶呈酒红色、均匀透明且富有弹性。
通过DSC测试,掺入稀土后的水凝胶对比于掺入前,玻璃化转变温度(Tg)有所下降,拓宽了水凝胶的弹性体温度应用范围。溶胀性能研究表明,稀土杂化壳聚糖/聚丙烯酸水凝胶对温度、pH、离子强度均具有良好的响应性。通过荧光性能测试,发现在615nm处出现强发射峰,随着稀土铕离子在水凝胶体系中含量的增加,荧光强度逐渐增强,在传统水凝胶的基础上,赋予了它光致发光性能,拓宽了水凝胶的应用领域范围。
三、稀土杂化明胶/聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的制备及性能研究
将稀土钐、铕离子以化学键合的方式非常均匀地掺入明胶/聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶体系,合成的稀土杂化水凝胶呈浅黄色、均匀透明且富有弹性。通过溶胀性能研究,发现稀土杂化明胶/聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶对温度、pH、离子强度均具有良好的响应性。
四、稀土杂化明胶/聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的电响应行为的研究
通过三维数字显微测量系统,运用数字散斑相关方法考察了在非接触直流电场作用下Gel/P(AA/AM)、Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶的电场响应行为,这些凝胶均表现了一定的电场响应敏感特性,经过实验对比,杂化稀土后的Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶与Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶相比,对电场的响应更为敏感。
结合机理与实验研究表明,在非接触直流电场作用下,Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶在逆着电场方向表现为形变位移增大;而Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM)水凝胶在沿着电场方向表现为形变位移增大。在U场和V场中,水凝胶均随着电场强度的增大,形变位移量增大。
本文研究的意义在于利用了稀土离子优异的光、电、磁等特性,在传统水凝胶的基础上,将稀土离子以化学键合的方式掺入水凝胶体系,得到随温度、pH、离子强度及电场响应的稀土杂化水凝胶,以期在记忆元件开关、传感器、人造肌肉等方面得到应用。
P(AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth carboxylic were prepared by the method of free-radical solution polymerization, and the Rare-Earth were added to hydrogels by the bonding-type. In the end, the hydrogels we prepared were of uniformity, transparency and elasticity. On the base of traditional hydrogels, we made a good using of the excellent characteristics of Rare-Earth that including light, electricity and magnetism. The goal was to intelligentize materials. There were four parts in the paper made the achievement.
1. Synthesis and Characterization of P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth P(AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth Eu3+/Nd3+ were Synthesized, and the Rare-Earth was added to hydrogels by the bonding-type, and the hydrogels we prepared were of uniformity, transparency and elasticity. These were testified by the method of IR, ESEM and XRD. The testing of swollen properties showed that P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth could better response with the changing of temperature, pH and the intensity of ion.
2. Synthesis and Characterization of CS/PAA hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth
Rare-Earth could be added to CS/PAA hydrogels by the bonded-type, the hydrogels synthesized were of alcohol-redness, uniformity, transparency and elasticity.
The thermal properties were analyzed by DSC, and the results showed that the Tg was decreasing, and the temperature of application of elastomer was broadened. The testing of swollen properties showed that CS/PAA hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth could better response with the changing of temperature, pH and the intensity of ion. The strong emission peak was obtained at the 615nm by the fluorescence testing, and the intensity become stronger and stronger with the inceasing of the content of Eu3+. The fluorescence property was added on the base of traditional hydrogels, and the applied fields of hydrogels were broadened.
3. Synthesis and Characterization of Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth
Rare-Earth could be added to Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels by the bonding-type, the hydrogels synthesized were of buff, uniformity, transparency and elasticity. The testing of swollen properties showed that Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth could better response with the changing of temperature, pH and the intensity of ion.
4. Stimuli-response of Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogel bonded Rare-Earth under direct current electric field
Stimuli-response of Gel/P(AA/AM)、Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM) hydrogels were observed under direct current electric field, these were tested by using digital speckle correlation method and the three dimension digital microscope measure system. The hydrogels behaved the well stimuli-responsing. And compared to Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels, Gel/P (AA/AM) hydrogels bonded Rare-Earth stimuli-responsed better.
Combine the experiment and theory, the displacement of Gel/P(AA/AM) hydrogels increasing against the direction of electric field on the condition of direct current electric field, and the displacement of Sm/Gel/P(AA/AM)、Eu/Gel/P(AA/AM) hydrogels increasing obeying the direction of electric field. Under the U and V electric field, the displacement of all hydrogels have become longer and longer with the increasing of electric field intensity.
The research showed that the Rare-Earth were added to hydrogels by the bonding-type and could better response with the changing of temperature, pH and the intensity of ion. A good use of the propertis of Rare-Earth including light, electricity and magnetism were made on the base of traditional hydrogels. The great meaning of the paper is that the hydrogels could make the application on the chemical switch component, sensors and artificial muscle and so on in the future.
引文
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