低温地板辐射采暖系统调节性能研究
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摘要
地板辐射采暖作为一种舒适、节能的采暖方式，早在20世纪初就应用于工程实际，随着塑料管材的研制以及施工工艺的改进，地板辐射采暖方式的优越性进一步得以体现，得到更广泛的应用。但如何更好的对这种采暖方式加以利用呢，本文从地板辐射采暖调节方式的角度加以研究。地板辐射采暖系统的调节方式相对于常规采暖的调节方式有一定的差别，由于在地板辐射采暖房间中，地板可视为一个热源，同时又是一个大的蓄热体，对供水温度和流量的调节无法在室温上得到很快的体现，地板辐射采暖房间的热延迟特性使得对室温的控制变得复杂，因而需要深入地对地板辐射采暖系统的调节性能加以研究。
本文建立了地板辐射采暖房间的数学模型，通过实验测量房间稳态传热时的空气、地板、墙体和顶板的温度分布，计算了各表面之间的对流、辐射换热关系，对换热表面进行合理简化，根据简化公式得出地板表面温度、非加热表面平均温度和对流、辐射传热量之间的数学关系。本试验采用不同的控制方式，测试得到地板辐射采暖试验房间的室内空气温度、地板表面以及墙体表面温度的波动情况，分析研究了室外空气温度变化、房间围护结构情况、地板蓄热性能对室内空气温度及各壁面温度的影响，总结得出温度的变化规律，对比分析了地板辐射采暖房间的几种调控方式------以室内空气温度为基准的启停控制、以地板表面温度为基准的启停控制和同时控制室内空气温度和地板表面温度的双参数控制，研究了在室外温度波动的情况下，采用启停控制的可行性，为以后地板辐射采暖系统的运行调节提供了很好的参考。
The radiant floor heating system (RFH) has the advantage of suitable feeling and energy saving. In the twenty century, the RFH has been applied in many buildings. Following the development of plastic pipes and the improvement of building technology, the RFH has more applications. But how to use this system more efficiently. My article focuses on one point of this problem----the regulation of the RFH. Because the floor is the hest resourse and the thermal storage body in the RFH, the normal regulation methods have uncertain effect on the indoor air temperature stablility. So study on the regulation methods of RFH is very necessary.
Through establishing the model of radiant floor heating systems, and measuring the temperature of indoor air, floor surface, wall surface and ceiling surface in the stable condition, the article calculate the heat transfer between the inside surfaces. By reducing a multisurface enclosure to a two-surface approximation, simple formulas are used to get the relationships among the floor surface temperature, average unheated surface temperature and the heat transfer. The experiment used different control strategies to get the temperature fluctuation of the indoor air, slab surface and wall surface in a radiant floor heating system (RFH). Analyses the effect of outdoor temperature, enclosure structures and heating storage characteristic that influence the indoor air temperature and the enclosure temperature, and compares several control strategies about RFH――air-based on/off control,slab-based on/off control,and two parameter on/off control. Then we can get relative performance of the temperature fluctuation. This can be very helpful to the regulation of RFH systems in fact.
本文建立了地板辐射采暖房间的数学模型，通过实验测量房间稳态传热时的空气、地板、墙体和顶板的温度分布，计算了各表面之间的对流、辐射换热关系，对换热表面进行合理简化，根据简化公式得出地板表面温度、非加热表面平均温度和对流、辐射传热量之间的数学关系。本试验采用不同的控制方式，测试得到地板辐射采暖试验房间的室内空气温度、地板表面以及墙体表面温度的波动情况，分析研究了室外空气温度变化、房间围护结构情况、地板蓄热性能对室内空气温度及各壁面温度的影响，总结得出温度的变化规律，对比分析了地板辐射采暖房间的几种调控方式------以室内空气温度为基准的启停控制、以地板表面温度为基准的启停控制和同时控制室内空气温度和地板表面温度的双参数控制，研究了在室外温度波动的情况下，采用启停控制的可行性，为以后地板辐射采暖系统的运行调节提供了很好的参考。
The radiant floor heating system (RFH) has the advantage of suitable feeling and energy saving. In the twenty century, the RFH has been applied in many buildings. Following the development of plastic pipes and the improvement of building technology, the RFH has more applications. But how to use this system more efficiently. My article focuses on one point of this problem----the regulation of the RFH. Because the floor is the hest resourse and the thermal storage body in the RFH, the normal regulation methods have uncertain effect on the indoor air temperature stablility. So study on the regulation methods of RFH is very necessary.
Through establishing the model of radiant floor heating systems, and measuring the temperature of indoor air, floor surface, wall surface and ceiling surface in the stable condition, the article calculate the heat transfer between the inside surfaces. By reducing a multisurface enclosure to a two-surface approximation, simple formulas are used to get the relationships among the floor surface temperature, average unheated surface temperature and the heat transfer. The experiment used different control strategies to get the temperature fluctuation of the indoor air, slab surface and wall surface in a radiant floor heating system (RFH). Analyses the effect of outdoor temperature, enclosure structures and heating storage characteristic that influence the indoor air temperature and the enclosure temperature, and compares several control strategies about RFH――air-based on/off control,slab-based on/off control,and two parameter on/off control. Then we can get relative performance of the temperature fluctuation. This can be very helpful to the regulation of RFH systems in fact.
引文
[1][苏]JI.A илин,屈海东译，热空气辐射采暖，建筑工业出版社，1959年，第一版
[2]张纯安，地板辐射采暖的模拟及优化设计：[硕士学位论文]，天津；天津大学，1988
[3]杨巍，低温地板辐射采暖的性能研究：[硕士学位论文]，天津；天津大学，1999
[4]王荣光、沈天行、郑维民，太阳能、地热利用与地板辐射采暖，建筑节能，2002，37：54～61
[5]龙维定，试论我国暖通空调业的可持续发展，暖通空调，1999，29（3）：25～30
[6]低温热水地板辐射供暖应用技术规程，北京市标准，DBJ/T 01-49-2000,2000
[7] MacCluer C.R, Temperature Variations of Flux-modulated Radiant Slab Systems, ASHRAE Transactions, 1989, 95(1)：1010～1014
[8] MacCluer C.R, The Response of Radiant Heating Systems Controlled by Outdoor Reset with Feedback, ASHRAE Transactions,1991, v97：795～799
[9]Gibbs,P.R.,Control of Multizone Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System, ASHRAE Transactions 1994,100(1)：1003～1010
[10]Zaheer-Uddin, G.R.Zheng,Cho,Sung-Hwan, Optimal Operation of an Embedded-piping Floor Heating System with Control Input Constrains,Energy Conversation Management, 1994,l38(7)：713～725
[11]Athienitis,A.K.,Shou,J.G.,Control of Radiant Heating Based on the Operative Temperature, ASHRAE Transactions 1991 part2,787～794;
[12]American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.ASHRAE Handbook HVAV Systems and Equipment，Atlanta:
ASHRAE Inc, 1996
[13]贺平，孙刚编著，供热工程(第三版),中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[14] John Siegenthaler, Outdoor Reset Control--No Quality Hydronic System
Should Be Without It, 02/27/2001, web resource
[15]Cho S.H. Zaheer-Uddin M, Temperature Regulation of Radiant Floor Heating Systems Using Two-parameter On-off Control：An Experimental Study, ASHRAE Transactions,1997, 103(1)：966～980
[16]ZhiLong Zhang, Temperature Control Strategies for Radiant Floor Heating Systems. 2001, A Thesis For The Degree of Master of Applied Science at Concordia University.
[17]Cho S.H. Zaheer-Uddin M, Predictive control of intermittently operated radiant floor heating systems, Energy Conversion and Management, 2003,v44：1333～1342
[18] MacCluer C.R, Analysis and Simulation of Outdoor Reset Control of Radiant Slab Heating Systems, ASHRAE Transactions, 1990, 96(1)： 1283～1287
[19]Jin Young Lee,In-Ho Yang,Seung Yeong Song, A Study of the Predictive Control of the Ondol System in Apartments, web resource
[20]章熙民、任泽霈、梅飞鸣编著，传热学（第三版），中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[21]Chen T.Y. Application of adaptive predictive control to a floor heating system with a large thermal lag, Energy and Buildings, 2002,34(1)：45～51
[22]Leigh S.B, An Experimental Study of The Control of Radiant Floor Heating Systems：Proportional Flux Modulation vs. Outdoor Reset Control With Indoor Temperature Offset, ASHRAE Transactions,1991, 97(1): 800～807
[23]Leigh S.B, MacCluer C.R., Comparative study of proportional flux-modulation and various types of temperature-modulation approaches for radiant floor-heating system control, ASHRAE Transactions, 1994, 100(1)：1040～1053
[24]Haruo H, Hokoi S C．Basic study of radiative and convective heat exchange in a room with floor heating, ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, 104(2)：1098～1105
[25]Cho S.H. Zaheer-Uddin M, Experimental study of multiple parameter switching control for radiant floor heating systems，Energy (Oxford),
1999, 24(5),433～444
[26]王荣光, 低温地板辐射采暖, 煤气与热力，1999,(4)：53～55
[27]凌继红、张于峰、张觉荣等，低温热水地板辐射采暖系统的性能研究，煤气与热力，2003, (3)：143～145
[28]宗立华．塑料埋管地板辐射采暖的热性能分析，煤气与热力,2000,(1):18～20
[29]董颖,低温地板辐射采暖系统的实验及性能研究：[硕士学位论文]，天津；天津大学，2003
[30]A.K.Thienitis,T,Y,Chen,Experimental and theoretical investigation of floor heating with thermal storage,ASHRAE Transactions,1993,
99(2)：1049～1057
[31]J.Rekstad, M.Meir, A.R.Kristoffersen, Control and energy metering in low temperature heating systems. Energy and buildings,2003, 35(3)：281～291
[32]Bjarne W.Olesen,Eric Michel, Heat exchange coefficient between floor surface and space by floor cooling-theory or a question of definition. ASHRAE Transactions,2000,106(2):684～693
[33]Kirby S.Chapman,Jamie E.Howell,Richard D.Wstson, Radiant panel surface temperature over a range of ambient temperatures. ASHRAE Transactions,2001, 107(1):383～389
[34]A.K.Athienitis, Numerical model of floor heating system. ASHRAE Transaction,1994,100(2):1024～1029
[35]Kirby S.Chaoman,P.Zhang, Radiant heat exchange calculations in radiantly heated and cooled enclosures. ASHRAE Transactions,1995, 101(2):1236～1247
[36]J.D.Dale,M.Y.Ackerman, The thermal performance of a radiant panel floor-heating system. ASHRAE Transactions,1990, 96(1):23～33
[37]B.F.Raber, F.W.Hutchinson, Panel heating and cooling analysis. ASHRAE Transactions,1941,47(1):285～308
[38]T.C.Min,L.F.Schutrum,G.V.Parmelee, Natural convection and radiation in a panel-heated room. ASHRAE Transactions,1956,62(1):337～358
[39]L.F.Schutrum, G.V.Parmelee, C.M.Humphreys, Heat exchanges in a floor panel heated room. ASHRAE Transactions,1953,59(1):495～510
[40]E.L.Sartain, W.S.Harris, Performance of covered hot water floor panels. ASHRAE Transactions,1956,62(1):55～70
[41]A.C.Davis,W.M.Sawdon, Factors influencing the heat output of radiators. ASHRAE Transactions,1942,48(1):185～200
[42]Peter Simmonds, Practical applications of radiant heating and cooling to maintain comfort conditions. ASHRAE Transactions,1996,102(1):
659～665
[43]Maryl D.Freestone,William M.Worek, Radiant panel perimeter heating opions:effectiveness and thermal comfort. ASHRAE Transactions,1996, 102(1):667～675
[43]A.K.Athienitis, T.Y.Chen, Numerical study of thermostat setpoint profiles for floor radiant heatinf and the effect of thermal mass. ASHRAE Transactions,1997,103(1):939～947
[44]郭富军 杨昌智, 低温热水地板辐射采暖的控制方式, 建筑热能通风空调.1999,18(3)：50～52
[2]张纯安，地板辐射采暖的模拟及优化设计：[硕士学位论文]，天津；天津大学，1988
[3]杨巍，低温地板辐射采暖的性能研究：[硕士学位论文]，天津；天津大学，1999
[4]王荣光、沈天行、郑维民，太阳能、地热利用与地板辐射采暖，建筑节能，2002，37：54～61
[5]龙维定，试论我国暖通空调业的可持续发展，暖通空调，1999，29（3）：25～30
[6]低温热水地板辐射供暖应用技术规程，北京市标准，DBJ/T 01-49-2000,2000
[7] MacCluer C.R, Temperature Variations of Flux-modulated Radiant Slab Systems, ASHRAE Transactions, 1989, 95(1)：1010～1014
[8] MacCluer C.R, The Response of Radiant Heating Systems Controlled by Outdoor Reset with Feedback, ASHRAE Transactions,1991, v97：795～799
[9]Gibbs,P.R.,Control of Multizone Hydronic Radiant Floor Heating System, ASHRAE Transactions 1994,100(1)：1003～1010
[10]Zaheer-Uddin, G.R.Zheng,Cho,Sung-Hwan, Optimal Operation of an Embedded-piping Floor Heating System with Control Input Constrains,Energy Conversation Management, 1994,l38(7)：713～725
[11]Athienitis,A.K.,Shou,J.G.,Control of Radiant Heating Based on the Operative Temperature, ASHRAE Transactions 1991 part2,787～794;
[12]American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers.ASHRAE Handbook HVAV Systems and Equipment，Atlanta:
ASHRAE Inc, 1996
[13]贺平，孙刚编著，供热工程(第三版),中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[14] John Siegenthaler, Outdoor Reset Control--No Quality Hydronic System
Should Be Without It, 02/27/2001, web resource
[15]Cho S.H. Zaheer-Uddin M, Temperature Regulation of Radiant Floor Heating Systems Using Two-parameter On-off Control：An Experimental Study, ASHRAE Transactions,1997, 103(1)：966～980
[16]ZhiLong Zhang, Temperature Control Strategies for Radiant Floor Heating Systems. 2001, A Thesis For The Degree of Master of Applied Science at Concordia University.
[17]Cho S.H. Zaheer-Uddin M, Predictive control of intermittently operated radiant floor heating systems, Energy Conversion and Management, 2003,v44：1333～1342
[18] MacCluer C.R, Analysis and Simulation of Outdoor Reset Control of Radiant Slab Heating Systems, ASHRAE Transactions, 1990, 96(1)： 1283～1287
[19]Jin Young Lee,In-Ho Yang,Seung Yeong Song, A Study of the Predictive Control of the Ondol System in Apartments, web resource
[20]章熙民、任泽霈、梅飞鸣编著，传热学（第三版），中国建筑工业出版社，1993
[21]Chen T.Y. Application of adaptive predictive control to a floor heating system with a large thermal lag, Energy and Buildings, 2002,34(1)：45～51
[22]Leigh S.B, An Experimental Study of The Control of Radiant Floor Heating Systems：Proportional Flux Modulation vs. Outdoor Reset Control With Indoor Temperature Offset, ASHRAE Transactions,1991, 97(1): 800～807
[23]Leigh S.B, MacCluer C.R., Comparative study of proportional flux-modulation and various types of temperature-modulation approaches for radiant floor-heating system control, ASHRAE Transactions, 1994, 100(1)：1040～1053
[24]Haruo H, Hokoi S C．Basic study of radiative and convective heat exchange in a room with floor heating, ASHRAE Transactions, 1998, 104(2)：1098～1105
[25]Cho S.H. Zaheer-Uddin M, Experimental study of multiple parameter switching control for radiant floor heating systems，Energy (Oxford),
1999, 24(5),433～444
[26]王荣光, 低温地板辐射采暖, 煤气与热力，1999,(4)：53～55
[27]凌继红、张于峰、张觉荣等，低温热水地板辐射采暖系统的性能研究，煤气与热力，2003, (3)：143～145
[28]宗立华．塑料埋管地板辐射采暖的热性能分析，煤气与热力,2000,(1):18～20
[29]董颖,低温地板辐射采暖系统的实验及性能研究：[硕士学位论文]，天津；天津大学，2003
[30]A.K.Thienitis,T,Y,Chen,Experimental and theoretical investigation of floor heating with thermal storage,ASHRAE Transactions,1993,
99(2)：1049～1057
[31]J.Rekstad, M.Meir, A.R.Kristoffersen, Control and energy metering in low temperature heating systems. Energy and buildings,2003, 35(3)：281～291
[32]Bjarne W.Olesen,Eric Michel, Heat exchange coefficient between floor surface and space by floor cooling-theory or a question of definition. ASHRAE Transactions,2000,106(2):684～693
[33]Kirby S.Chapman,Jamie E.Howell,Richard D.Wstson, Radiant panel surface temperature over a range of ambient temperatures. ASHRAE Transactions,2001, 107(1):383～389
[34]A.K.Athienitis, Numerical model of floor heating system. ASHRAE Transaction,1994,100(2):1024～1029
[35]Kirby S.Chaoman,P.Zhang, Radiant heat exchange calculations in radiantly heated and cooled enclosures. ASHRAE Transactions,1995, 101(2):1236～1247
[36]J.D.Dale,M.Y.Ackerman, The thermal performance of a radiant panel floor-heating system. ASHRAE Transactions,1990, 96(1):23～33
[37]B.F.Raber, F.W.Hutchinson, Panel heating and cooling analysis. ASHRAE Transactions,1941,47(1):285～308
[38]T.C.Min,L.F.Schutrum,G.V.Parmelee, Natural convection and radiation in a panel-heated room. ASHRAE Transactions,1956,62(1):337～358
[39]L.F.Schutrum, G.V.Parmelee, C.M.Humphreys, Heat exchanges in a floor panel heated room. ASHRAE Transactions,1953,59(1):495～510
[40]E.L.Sartain, W.S.Harris, Performance of covered hot water floor panels. ASHRAE Transactions,1956,62(1):55～70
[41]A.C.Davis,W.M.Sawdon, Factors influencing the heat output of radiators. ASHRAE Transactions,1942,48(1):185～200
[42]Peter Simmonds, Practical applications of radiant heating and cooling to maintain comfort conditions. ASHRAE Transactions,1996,102(1):
659～665
[43]Maryl D.Freestone,William M.Worek, Radiant panel perimeter heating opions:effectiveness and thermal comfort. ASHRAE Transactions,1996, 102(1):667～675
[43]A.K.Athienitis, T.Y.Chen, Numerical study of thermostat setpoint profiles for floor radiant heatinf and the effect of thermal mass. ASHRAE Transactions,1997,103(1):939～947
[44]郭富军 杨昌智, 低温热水地板辐射采暖的控制方式, 建筑热能通风空调.1999,18(3)：50～52
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