铁路多经物流业的范围经济研究
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摘要
伴随着中国铁路行业的改革发展,铁路多元经营企业作为特殊的企业群体,已逐步成为中国铁路经济中的重要组成部分。无论是从企业的发展数量、规模,还是所涉及的业务领域来看,铁路多经物流业都有了跨越式的发展。目前,充分利用铁路行业的资源优势,提高铁路多经物流业的内部效率,已经成为铁道部近年来的一项重要改革目标。
因此,论文给出了铁路多经物流业的产生原因,定量分析了铁路多经的投入产出规模、运营效率以及铁路多经物流业的总体范围经济和特定产出范围经济,总结了铁路多经物流业的投入要素优势并都对其贡献进行了测度。由于铁路多经物流业基本延续了铁路运输主业的垄断性,其经济效益的取得大多是将社会同类企业排除在铁路行业圈子之外的结果。于是本文利用LISREL软件建立了结构方程模型,给出了行政垄断对铁路多经物流业绩效水平的影响程度。最后,给出了铁路多经物流业的提升政策。
综上所述,研究铁路多经物流的范围经济问题具有重要的理论意义和较高的实际应用价值,论文内容分为6章。
1.通过大量的中英文献阅读,对铁路多经物流的概念、范围经济的概念、范围经济的计量方法、范围经济的实证方法、范围经济的来源、范围经济的应用研究等相关领域的现状进行了回顾,并对现有研究的典型问题进行了说明,为本论文的研究指出了明确的目标和方向,并提出了合理的研究技术路线和思路。
2.运用“熵测度法”测算了不同铁路局的多元化类型,给出了铁路多经的多元化程度,比较了不同多元化类型的铁路多经系统盈利能力的稳定性,表明铁路多经所从事的具有同类规模的行业数量越多,盈利能力越稳定。最后,本文给出了铁路多经物流业范围经济的理论内涵。
3.运用“数据包络模型”给出了铁路多经的规模现状和运营效率。我国铁路多经总体上资源利用不充分,固定资产投资偏多,利润产出不足,生产效率较低。构建了“二次成本函数”得到了铁路多经物流业的总体范围经济程度,以及交通运输业、运输辅助业和仓储业三种特定产出的范围经济程度。
4.归纳了铁路行业的投入要素优势,构建了由“营业收入”、“固定资产投资”和“在岗职员工资”所组成的一个非线性生产函数,给出了铁路投入要素对铁路多经物流业的贡献。
5.从宏观和微观两个层面,给出了全社会资源的配置效率和铁路多经行业内部的资源配置效率,并建立了“结构方程模型”,给出了行政垄断对铁路多经物流业绩效水平的影响程度。
6.给出了实现范围经济的途径。本文建立了“铁路多经物流区域业务协作平台”在横向多元化方面实现范围经济；在纵向多元化方面,给出了供应链战略联盟等多种渠道。
最后,论文分析了研究所取得的成果,并提出了今后工作的进一步设想,主要包括铁路多经物流行业搭配优化问题研究、铁路多经投入产出规模及运营效率的研究及行政垄断对铁路多经物流业绩效水平影响的结构方程模型研究三个大的研究方向和领域,为今后的科研工作指明了方向。
Diversified railway, as a special business groups, has gradually grown into an important part of China's rail economy with China's reform and development in railway. No matter the scale, number, or other aspects of its business areas, the railway has a big leap development. Currently, one of main objectives in the Ministry of Railway is improving the internal efficiency and taking full advantage of the railway's resources. A new idea to improve internal efficiency of the railway is scope economy. We measure internal efficiency with scope economy and make more reasonable distribution of resources by looking on diversified railway logistics as multi-output organization with transportation industry, transportation supporting industry and warehousing industry.
So the reason why diversified railiway logistics emerges is analyzed firstly. Then the paper calculates the contribution of rail resources to its development. The paper summarizes its current situation with input-output scale, operational efficiency, general scope economy and specified output scope economy. The reason why current situation exists is that most business is administrative monopoly and the profit is gained by excluding other business. So, by constructing a structural equation model with LISREL, the paper analyzes the effect of the administrative monopoly on diversified railway logistics performance. Lastly, it provides a theoretical basis to make rail a more rational allocation of resources.
Therefore, the research on scope economy in diversified railway logistics has important theoretic significance and a high practical application. This study includes the following aspects:
1. After extensive literature reading both in Chinese and English, the author is going to review the current research situation of diversified railway logistics, the concept, method, source and application study of scope economy, etc. The paper makes a description of the typical problems in present research, so the study target and direction beomes quite clear. Reasonable technical study direction and thought are within reach.
2. Provide the degree of diversification. Diverse types in diversified railway are summarized with entropy menthods. Stability of profitability is relation to the amount of same industry with same scale.Theory on diversified railway logistics is provided.
3. Provide the scale status and operational efficiency with Deap version2.1. There is insufficient use of resources in general in diversified railway. Investment in fixed assets is above normal and profit is insufficient. Productivity in diversified railway is very low, and the main source is pure technology inefficiency. General scope economy is empirical studied with quadratic cost function and specified output scope economy in transportation industry, transport supporting industry and warehousing industry are analyzed.
4. Provide the advantanges of railway and its contribution to diversified railway logistics. The paper summarizes the advantages of railway and measure the contribution of railway to diversified railway logistics with a non-linear production function.
5. Provide resource allocation efficiency in diversified railway logistics from the broad and narrow aspects with the whole social resources and within the industries.Analyze the effect of administrative monopoly on the achievements of diversified railway logistics with structure equation.
6. Provide the way to achieve scope economy. Construction of the "regional business cooperation platform in Railway Diversified logistics" is to realize the scope economy from horizontal diversification; in vertical diversification, the detailed planning is to establish supply chain strategic alliance.
Finally, the thesis analyzes the results achieved by the author and puts forward the assumption of further study, which mainly includes how optimize diversified railway logistics; the study of input-output scale and operational efficiency on diversified railway and the study of structure equation model on administrative monopoly. The three study areas clearly point out the directions for further research.
因此,论文给出了铁路多经物流业的产生原因,定量分析了铁路多经的投入产出规模、运营效率以及铁路多经物流业的总体范围经济和特定产出范围经济,总结了铁路多经物流业的投入要素优势并都对其贡献进行了测度。由于铁路多经物流业基本延续了铁路运输主业的垄断性,其经济效益的取得大多是将社会同类企业排除在铁路行业圈子之外的结果。于是本文利用LISREL软件建立了结构方程模型,给出了行政垄断对铁路多经物流业绩效水平的影响程度。最后,给出了铁路多经物流业的提升政策。
综上所述,研究铁路多经物流的范围经济问题具有重要的理论意义和较高的实际应用价值,论文内容分为6章。
1.通过大量的中英文献阅读,对铁路多经物流的概念、范围经济的概念、范围经济的计量方法、范围经济的实证方法、范围经济的来源、范围经济的应用研究等相关领域的现状进行了回顾,并对现有研究的典型问题进行了说明,为本论文的研究指出了明确的目标和方向,并提出了合理的研究技术路线和思路。
2.运用“熵测度法”测算了不同铁路局的多元化类型,给出了铁路多经的多元化程度,比较了不同多元化类型的铁路多经系统盈利能力的稳定性,表明铁路多经所从事的具有同类规模的行业数量越多,盈利能力越稳定。最后,本文给出了铁路多经物流业范围经济的理论内涵。
3.运用“数据包络模型”给出了铁路多经的规模现状和运营效率。我国铁路多经总体上资源利用不充分,固定资产投资偏多,利润产出不足,生产效率较低。构建了“二次成本函数”得到了铁路多经物流业的总体范围经济程度,以及交通运输业、运输辅助业和仓储业三种特定产出的范围经济程度。
4.归纳了铁路行业的投入要素优势,构建了由“营业收入”、“固定资产投资”和“在岗职员工资”所组成的一个非线性生产函数,给出了铁路投入要素对铁路多经物流业的贡献。
5.从宏观和微观两个层面,给出了全社会资源的配置效率和铁路多经行业内部的资源配置效率,并建立了“结构方程模型”,给出了行政垄断对铁路多经物流业绩效水平的影响程度。
6.给出了实现范围经济的途径。本文建立了“铁路多经物流区域业务协作平台”在横向多元化方面实现范围经济；在纵向多元化方面,给出了供应链战略联盟等多种渠道。
最后,论文分析了研究所取得的成果,并提出了今后工作的进一步设想,主要包括铁路多经物流行业搭配优化问题研究、铁路多经投入产出规模及运营效率的研究及行政垄断对铁路多经物流业绩效水平影响的结构方程模型研究三个大的研究方向和领域,为今后的科研工作指明了方向。
Diversified railway, as a special business groups, has gradually grown into an important part of China's rail economy with China's reform and development in railway. No matter the scale, number, or other aspects of its business areas, the railway has a big leap development. Currently, one of main objectives in the Ministry of Railway is improving the internal efficiency and taking full advantage of the railway's resources. A new idea to improve internal efficiency of the railway is scope economy. We measure internal efficiency with scope economy and make more reasonable distribution of resources by looking on diversified railway logistics as multi-output organization with transportation industry, transportation supporting industry and warehousing industry.
So the reason why diversified railiway logistics emerges is analyzed firstly. Then the paper calculates the contribution of rail resources to its development. The paper summarizes its current situation with input-output scale, operational efficiency, general scope economy and specified output scope economy. The reason why current situation exists is that most business is administrative monopoly and the profit is gained by excluding other business. So, by constructing a structural equation model with LISREL, the paper analyzes the effect of the administrative monopoly on diversified railway logistics performance. Lastly, it provides a theoretical basis to make rail a more rational allocation of resources.
Therefore, the research on scope economy in diversified railway logistics has important theoretic significance and a high practical application. This study includes the following aspects:
1. After extensive literature reading both in Chinese and English, the author is going to review the current research situation of diversified railway logistics, the concept, method, source and application study of scope economy, etc. The paper makes a description of the typical problems in present research, so the study target and direction beomes quite clear. Reasonable technical study direction and thought are within reach.
2. Provide the degree of diversification. Diverse types in diversified railway are summarized with entropy menthods. Stability of profitability is relation to the amount of same industry with same scale.Theory on diversified railway logistics is provided.
3. Provide the scale status and operational efficiency with Deap version2.1. There is insufficient use of resources in general in diversified railway. Investment in fixed assets is above normal and profit is insufficient. Productivity in diversified railway is very low, and the main source is pure technology inefficiency. General scope economy is empirical studied with quadratic cost function and specified output scope economy in transportation industry, transport supporting industry and warehousing industry are analyzed.
4. Provide the advantanges of railway and its contribution to diversified railway logistics. The paper summarizes the advantages of railway and measure the contribution of railway to diversified railway logistics with a non-linear production function.
5. Provide resource allocation efficiency in diversified railway logistics from the broad and narrow aspects with the whole social resources and within the industries.Analyze the effect of administrative monopoly on the achievements of diversified railway logistics with structure equation.
6. Provide the way to achieve scope economy. Construction of the "regional business cooperation platform in Railway Diversified logistics" is to realize the scope economy from horizontal diversification; in vertical diversification, the detailed planning is to establish supply chain strategic alliance.
Finally, the thesis analyzes the results achieved by the author and puts forward the assumption of further study, which mainly includes how optimize diversified railway logistics; the study of input-output scale and operational efficiency on diversified railway and the study of structure equation model on administrative monopoly. The three study areas clearly point out the directions for further research.
引文
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