基于量子中继信道的量子安全通信机制研究
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摘要
摘要：当今计算机网络技术不断发展,全球信息化已成为社会发展的必然趋势,由于计算机网络所具有的多样性、开放性、互连性等特征,使网络信息安全成为网络通信中的重要问题。由于量子通信可以完全避免具有无限计算能力的系统对网络通信安全的威胁的攻击,而使其成为保障网络信息安全的一种有效手段,并逐渐成为信息安全领域的研究热点。本文主要从确保网络信息安全、提高通信效率的角度,以量子信息和通信理论为基础,研究基于量子中继信道的量子安全通信机制,主要研究内容如下：
1.量子中继安全通信领域：(1)将中继协作通信模型引入量子安全通信领域,提出了基于空时编码技术的量子中继协作通信方案及其扩展方案,阐明了该方案在实现空时复用及通信安全方面的应用方法；(2)提出了噪声信道中量子中继通信系统设计与优化方案,探讨了噪声对量子中继通信的影响,阐明了量子中继能在不降低过多信噪比的前提下提高通信距离,并分别探讨了基于非最大纠缠中继信道的量子态分配、隐形传态和基于超纠缠中继信道的隐形传态的实现方法。
2.量子网络安全通信领域：(1)针对量子网络多用户、分布式、资源安全共享等特点,探讨多方量子安全通信机理,提出了基于量子隐形传态的MIMO通信方案,证明了该方案中无论是相位阻尼噪声还是特殊噪声,对通信性能的影响都是有限的,并给出了非最大纠缠量子信道中的双用户隐形传态实例,为后续量子网络中多用户通信系统的设计奠定了基础；(2)提出了基于量子中继信道的网络通信的设计与优化方案,证明了该方案在抵御极端攻击时所具备的较高安全性,所提出的方案在通信效率方面与现有量子通信方案相比,在理论上效率最高可以提高到原来的4倍。
3.量子中继通信系统信道容量领域：(1)给出了量子中继信道结构特性,并将其分为量子单中继、串联和并联量子多中继模型,运用量子相干信息理论,分析了这几种常见的量子中继信道容量；(2)运用量子信息理论中的量子数据处理不等式和量子Fano不等式等,推导出对寻找量子中继信道容量下界有着引导作用的“改进量子Fano不等式”,并针对不同情况给出了多类量子中继信道容量的下界。这些研究给出了量子中继数量及不同结构模型与信道容量之间的对应关系,为进一步对量子中继通信方案的信道容量和能效分析提供了科学的方法和手段。
4.基于量子密码系统的量子签名领域：(1)从利用量子签名算法保证量子中继通信中的信息不被篡改的角度出发,基于量子傅里叶变换的签名算法提出了基于纠缠态消息的多方量子群签名方案,对纠缠态消息的多个粒子并行处理得到签名的过程通过量子线路来完成,并通过对该量子签名算法的改进,提出了基于不规则量子傅里叶变换的(t,n)门限的多方量子群签名方案；(2)提出了基于多数据的批量代理量子盲签名方案,可实现对大量消息的高效签名。
该博士学位论文中包含图42幅,表15个,以及参考文献143篇。
Abstract:With the development of the modern computer network, information globalization has become the trend of human development. Protecting the network information security turns into an important issue because of the network characteristics of diversity, openness and interconnectivity. The quantum secure communication is not subject to the threat from the unlimitedly increased computing capability, and thus it provides an effective means to protect the security of network information and gradually becomes a research hotspot in the information security area. Focusing on the research subject of quantum secure communication mechanism in the quantum relay channel, we propose a series of quantum secure communication schemes based on quantum information and communication theory in order to improve the communication efficiency and ensure the security of network communication. The main research contents can be summarized as following aspects.
1. Quantum relay secure communication.(1) The quantum relay cooperative communication scheme and its expanding scheme are proposed based on space-time code by applying the relay cooperative communication model to quantum secure communication area. It demonstrates the applications of those schemes on realizing space-time multiplexing and communication security.(2) The design and optimization methods for quantum relay communication system in noisy channel are further introduced, in which we can draw the conclusion that the range of quantum communication can be improved while not to reduce too much quantum signal-to-noise ratio by discussing the noise effects on quantum relay communication. The implementation methods for quantum state sharing and quantum teleportation in the non-maximal entanglement relay channel and hyper-entanglement channel are discussed respectively.
2. Secure quantum network communication.(1) We discuss the mechanism of secure multiparty quantum communication for the corresponding properties of quantum network such as multi-user, distributed and secure resource sharing. A MIMO communication scheme based on quantum teleportation is proposed, and it proves that the effects on the communication performance no matter from the phase damping or special noise are both limited. An example for two-user quantum teleportation in non-maximal entanglement channel is presented, which consolidates the foundation for subsequently designing multi-user communication system in the quantum network.(2) The design and optimization methods for multi-data communication system based on quantum relay channel are proposed. It shows that the high security can be achieved even if under the strongest attack, and the communication efficiency can be theoretically increased to be4times of the original value when compared to the existing quantum communication scheme.
3. Channel capacity of quantum relay communication system.(1) The structural characteristics of quantum relay channel are described, which can be classified as quantum single relay model, serial multi-relay model and parallel multi-relay model. Several general quantum channel capacities are analyzed with quantum coherent information theory.(2) The "revised Fano's inequality" is derived by applying the famous inequalities in quantum information theory such as data processing inequality and Fano's inequality, which has guiding significance for deducing the lower bound of the capacity of quantum relay channel. Thus the lower bounds of the capacities of different kinds of quantum relay channel are derived.
4. Quantum signature based on quantum cryptography.(1) A novel multiparty quantum proxy group signature scheme for the entangled-state message is proposed based on the discrete quantum Fourier transform, in order to ensure the exchanged information in the quantum relay channel is unchanged with quantum signature which can be realized in quantum circuits. Then a (t, n)-threshold scheme for the multi-party quantum group signature is presented based on the irregular quantum Fourier transform by revising the quantum signature algorithm.(2) A batch proxy quantum blind signature scheme for multi-data is introduced in order to achieve a large number of quantum blind signatures for quantities of messages efficiently.
This PhD thesis includes42figures,15tables and143references.
1.量子中继安全通信领域：(1)将中继协作通信模型引入量子安全通信领域,提出了基于空时编码技术的量子中继协作通信方案及其扩展方案,阐明了该方案在实现空时复用及通信安全方面的应用方法；(2)提出了噪声信道中量子中继通信系统设计与优化方案,探讨了噪声对量子中继通信的影响,阐明了量子中继能在不降低过多信噪比的前提下提高通信距离,并分别探讨了基于非最大纠缠中继信道的量子态分配、隐形传态和基于超纠缠中继信道的隐形传态的实现方法。
2.量子网络安全通信领域：(1)针对量子网络多用户、分布式、资源安全共享等特点,探讨多方量子安全通信机理,提出了基于量子隐形传态的MIMO通信方案,证明了该方案中无论是相位阻尼噪声还是特殊噪声,对通信性能的影响都是有限的,并给出了非最大纠缠量子信道中的双用户隐形传态实例,为后续量子网络中多用户通信系统的设计奠定了基础；(2)提出了基于量子中继信道的网络通信的设计与优化方案,证明了该方案在抵御极端攻击时所具备的较高安全性,所提出的方案在通信效率方面与现有量子通信方案相比,在理论上效率最高可以提高到原来的4倍。
3.量子中继通信系统信道容量领域：(1)给出了量子中继信道结构特性,并将其分为量子单中继、串联和并联量子多中继模型,运用量子相干信息理论,分析了这几种常见的量子中继信道容量；(2)运用量子信息理论中的量子数据处理不等式和量子Fano不等式等,推导出对寻找量子中继信道容量下界有着引导作用的“改进量子Fano不等式”,并针对不同情况给出了多类量子中继信道容量的下界。这些研究给出了量子中继数量及不同结构模型与信道容量之间的对应关系,为进一步对量子中继通信方案的信道容量和能效分析提供了科学的方法和手段。
4.基于量子密码系统的量子签名领域：(1)从利用量子签名算法保证量子中继通信中的信息不被篡改的角度出发,基于量子傅里叶变换的签名算法提出了基于纠缠态消息的多方量子群签名方案,对纠缠态消息的多个粒子并行处理得到签名的过程通过量子线路来完成,并通过对该量子签名算法的改进,提出了基于不规则量子傅里叶变换的(t,n)门限的多方量子群签名方案；(2)提出了基于多数据的批量代理量子盲签名方案,可实现对大量消息的高效签名。
该博士学位论文中包含图42幅,表15个,以及参考文献143篇。
Abstract:With the development of the modern computer network, information globalization has become the trend of human development. Protecting the network information security turns into an important issue because of the network characteristics of diversity, openness and interconnectivity. The quantum secure communication is not subject to the threat from the unlimitedly increased computing capability, and thus it provides an effective means to protect the security of network information and gradually becomes a research hotspot in the information security area. Focusing on the research subject of quantum secure communication mechanism in the quantum relay channel, we propose a series of quantum secure communication schemes based on quantum information and communication theory in order to improve the communication efficiency and ensure the security of network communication. The main research contents can be summarized as following aspects.
1. Quantum relay secure communication.(1) The quantum relay cooperative communication scheme and its expanding scheme are proposed based on space-time code by applying the relay cooperative communication model to quantum secure communication area. It demonstrates the applications of those schemes on realizing space-time multiplexing and communication security.(2) The design and optimization methods for quantum relay communication system in noisy channel are further introduced, in which we can draw the conclusion that the range of quantum communication can be improved while not to reduce too much quantum signal-to-noise ratio by discussing the noise effects on quantum relay communication. The implementation methods for quantum state sharing and quantum teleportation in the non-maximal entanglement relay channel and hyper-entanglement channel are discussed respectively.
2. Secure quantum network communication.(1) We discuss the mechanism of secure multiparty quantum communication for the corresponding properties of quantum network such as multi-user, distributed and secure resource sharing. A MIMO communication scheme based on quantum teleportation is proposed, and it proves that the effects on the communication performance no matter from the phase damping or special noise are both limited. An example for two-user quantum teleportation in non-maximal entanglement channel is presented, which consolidates the foundation for subsequently designing multi-user communication system in the quantum network.(2) The design and optimization methods for multi-data communication system based on quantum relay channel are proposed. It shows that the high security can be achieved even if under the strongest attack, and the communication efficiency can be theoretically increased to be4times of the original value when compared to the existing quantum communication scheme.
3. Channel capacity of quantum relay communication system.(1) The structural characteristics of quantum relay channel are described, which can be classified as quantum single relay model, serial multi-relay model and parallel multi-relay model. Several general quantum channel capacities are analyzed with quantum coherent information theory.(2) The "revised Fano's inequality" is derived by applying the famous inequalities in quantum information theory such as data processing inequality and Fano's inequality, which has guiding significance for deducing the lower bound of the capacity of quantum relay channel. Thus the lower bounds of the capacities of different kinds of quantum relay channel are derived.
4. Quantum signature based on quantum cryptography.(1) A novel multiparty quantum proxy group signature scheme for the entangled-state message is proposed based on the discrete quantum Fourier transform, in order to ensure the exchanged information in the quantum relay channel is unchanged with quantum signature which can be realized in quantum circuits. Then a (t, n)-threshold scheme for the multi-party quantum group signature is presented based on the irregular quantum Fourier transform by revising the quantum signature algorithm.(2) A batch proxy quantum blind signature scheme for multi-data is introduced in order to achieve a large number of quantum blind signatures for quantities of messages efficiently.
This PhD thesis includes42figures,15tables and143references.
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