MIMO手机天线研究
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摘要
近年来随着无线通信的迅猛发展,消费者对大容量、高可靠性的移动通信质量的需求越来越紧迫,而传统通信技术已经难以解决这个问题。在多径传输环境中,MIMO (Mitiple-Input Mitiple-Output,多输入多输出)技术能在不增加工作带宽与发射功率的前提下,大幅度地提高无线信道的容量和通信质量,故MIMO技术已经成为无线通信领域的研究热点,引起无线通信领域广大学者的注意,并且已经广泛地被认为是LTE (Long Term Evolution,第三代移动通信的长期演进)和4G (The fourth generation mobile communication system,第四代移动通信)的核心技术之一。MIMO手机天线作为移动通信系统的关键器件,也备受关注。本论文主要研究适合应用于手机系统的小型宽带／多频MIMO天线,提出了几种具有良好性能的小型宽带／多频MIMO手机天线。本研究课题受国家自然科学基金面上项目(61171029)“手机MIMO天线研究”和广州市科技计划项目(12C42081659)“手机MIMO天线研究”的资助,课题主要创新工作包括：
(一)基于单极子天线与环型天线的工作原理,提出将单极子天线设计成通过路径耦合组成环形回路的结构。在小天线尺寸和宽工作带宽的条件下,实现手机天线稳定性(高鲁棒性)设计,使之适合作为MIMO手机天线的天线单元。本论文将该设计思路应用到小型双频手机天线的设计中,仿真和实验结果同时证明该方法是可行的。
(二)基于双带线的工作原理,利用双面双带线结构的优点,减小天线的尺寸和改善天线的阻抗匹配,从而设计出适合作为MIMO手机天线单元的天线；基于天线单元间互耦机理,对抑制地板表面波和空间波所引起的互耦的方法进行深入的研究,提出同时抑制因地板表面波和空间波引起的互耦的思想和方法(隔离结构)。将该思想和方法应用到两单元双频MIMO手机天线和四单元三频MIMO手机天线的设计中,仿真与实验结果表明这两个MIMO天线均获得良好的特性,故这种思想和方法是可用行的。
(三)基于解耦和阻抗匹配的工作机理,研究如何利用一个结构同时达到解耦和改善阻抗匹配的作用,提出了一种新型的地板弯折细隙。在MIMO天线的低频有效带宽内,该新型地板弯折细缝和传统的地板细隙一样,具有阻碍地板电流从激励端口流向非激励端口的作用,从而提高天线单元之间的隔离度；在该MIMO天线高频有效带宽中,该新型地板弯折细隙可以被看作是地板缝隙天线,在高频产生谐振,拓宽天线单元的工作带宽。此外,实验与仿真结果表明,该新型地板弯折细缝对天线单元的阻抗匹配影响很小。
(四)基于机理——增加合适的耦合路径可以减小MIMO天线单元间的耦合,研究中和线解耦技术适合应用于宽带MIMO手机天线中的方法。提出了一种宽带T型中和线,深入研究了它的工作机理,仿真与实验结果均证明该宽带T型中和线的可行性；为了使得MIMO手机天线既覆盖第二代移动通信系统的工作频率,又能满足MIMO通信系统的要求,从而解决不同通信系统的兼容问题,提出将工作带宽覆盖GSM900、DCS、 PCS、UMTS的天线和两个工作带宽相同(工作带宽覆盖WLAN2.4、WiMAX2.5和WiMAX3.5)的天线放置在同一个手机系统中,利用不同的解耦方法提高不同天线单元之间的隔离度。
(五)基于UWB (Ultra-Wideband,超宽带)天线技术和MIMO天线技术的优点,提出将UWB天线技术与MIMO手机天线相结合,研究耦合结构和UWB陷波结构之间相互的影响,成功设计出一款小型高隔离度双陷波UWB MIMO天线。在该设计中,通过引入两个地板枝节,实现两天线单元的合理放置。一方面可以改善天线单元的阻抗匹配,减小天线单元的尺寸,另一方面增加了两天线单元之间沿着地板方向的路径,从而可以减小天线单元之间的耦合。在天线单元的辐射体背面放置一条小型的金属带,利用该天线单元与金属带通过耦合组成的环形电流回路实现超宽带天线的陷波功能,这种陷波结构既不增加天线的尺寸,又不会增加天线单元之间的互耦。
In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication systems, thedemand for high data rate and high quality mobile communication systems is increasing andthe conventional technologies of communication are difficult to solve this problem. Withoutsacrificing additional spectrum or transmitted power in rich multi-path environments, MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology, which has potentiality of increasing channelcapacity and improving the quality of mobile communication systems, draws increasingattentions form scholars of mobile communication. MIMO technology has been extensivelyconsidered as one of the core technologies of LTE (Long Term Evolution) and4G (The fourthgeneration mobile communication system) systems. In LTE and4G systems, the MIMOphone antenna is vital and attentional. In the dissertation, the compact wideband/multi-bandMIMO antennas, which are suitable to apply in mobile phone, are studied, and several kindsof compact wideband/multi-band MIMO phone antennas with good characteristics arepresented. The dissertation was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (61171029)“MIMO Antennas for Mobile Phones” and Guangzhou Science andTechnology Project (12C42081659)“MIMO Antennas for Mobile Phones”, and the maincontributions of the dissertation can be summarized as follows.
(I) Based on the working mechanisms of monopole antenna and loop antenna, amonopole antenna is designed into a loop path through coupling, and stability or goodrobustness of phone antenna can be realized. Thus, with compact size, wide operation bandand good robustness, the monopole antenna is suitable as an antenna element for MIMOantenna. In the dissertation, the design proposal is applied in the design of a compactdual-band phone antenna, and the simulated and measured results proved the feasibility of thedesign proposal.
(II) Based on the working mechanism of the two-strip, the dual-side two-strip are usedto compact the antenna size and improve the impedance matching of antenna, and antennassuitable for MIMO phone antenna are desinged. Based on the mechanism of mutual couplingbetween the antenna elements, methods to decreases the mutual caused by the ground surfacecurrents and space wave are analyzed in detail. Proposal and decoupling methods that mutualcoupling caused by the ground surface currents and space wave both can be reduced by onedecopling structure are presented, and the proposa and decoupling methods are applied in thedesigns of dual-band MIMO phone antenna with two antenna elements and Tri-band MIMOphone antenna with four antenna elements. The simulated and measured results show the two MIMO phone antennas have good properties, therefore, the proposal and decoupling methodsare feasible.
(III) Based on the working mechanisms of decoupling and impedance mathing,structures, which can reduce the mutual coupling and improve the impedance matching ofantenna elements too, are investigated, and a kind of novel bent slits etched into the groundplane are presented. For the lower frequencies of the operation band, the function of the novelbent silts is the same as the conventional slits etched into the ground plane, the couplingcurrents flowing to the no excited port are blocked by the bent silts, and the isolation of theMIMO antenna elements can be improved. For the higher frequencies of the operation band,the novel bent silts can be considered as slit antennas, and they can produce resonant to widenthe impedance bandwidth. Moreover, the simulated and measured results show the effect ofthe bent slits on the impedance matching is slight.
(IV) Based on the decouping mechanism of introdcution of additional coupling path,the neutralization lines are investigated to decrease the mutual coupling of MIMO phoneantenna with wide operation band, and a wideband T-shape neutralization line is proposed.The working mechanism of the wideband T-shape neutralization line is analyzed in detail, andthe simulated and measured results prove its feasibility. In order to cover the conventionaloperation bands of phone antenna and take advantages of the MIMO technology, a compactconventional phone antenna with operation band covering GSM900DCS PCS and UMTSis integrated with a wideband MIMO antenna, which operation band cover WLAN2.4WiMAX2.5and WiMAX3.5, and different decoupling methods are applied to improve theisolation for the different kinds of antenna elements.
(V) Based on the adventanges of UWB (Ultra-Wideband) antenna technique and MIMOantenna technique, the combine of the two kinds of antenna techniques is proposed. Theinteractions of decoupling structure and band-notched structure are studied in detial, and acompact dual band-notched UWB MIMO antenna with high isolation is designed successfully.In the design, a special layout of the two antenna elements is realized by the application oftwo protruded ground parts, which can improve the impedance matching, reduce the size ofantenna element, increase the distance (along the ground plane) between the two feed ports,and lower the mutual coupling. A metal strip is placed behind the antenna element. Bycoupling beweent the metal strip and the antenna element, a coupling loop path is producedfor the band-notched frequency. Without increasing the sizes of antenna elements, thisband-notched structure does not increase the mutual coupling between the two antenna elements.
(一)基于单极子天线与环型天线的工作原理,提出将单极子天线设计成通过路径耦合组成环形回路的结构。在小天线尺寸和宽工作带宽的条件下,实现手机天线稳定性(高鲁棒性)设计,使之适合作为MIMO手机天线的天线单元。本论文将该设计思路应用到小型双频手机天线的设计中,仿真和实验结果同时证明该方法是可行的。
(二)基于双带线的工作原理,利用双面双带线结构的优点,减小天线的尺寸和改善天线的阻抗匹配,从而设计出适合作为MIMO手机天线单元的天线；基于天线单元间互耦机理,对抑制地板表面波和空间波所引起的互耦的方法进行深入的研究,提出同时抑制因地板表面波和空间波引起的互耦的思想和方法(隔离结构)。将该思想和方法应用到两单元双频MIMO手机天线和四单元三频MIMO手机天线的设计中,仿真与实验结果表明这两个MIMO天线均获得良好的特性,故这种思想和方法是可用行的。
(三)基于解耦和阻抗匹配的工作机理,研究如何利用一个结构同时达到解耦和改善阻抗匹配的作用,提出了一种新型的地板弯折细隙。在MIMO天线的低频有效带宽内,该新型地板弯折细缝和传统的地板细隙一样,具有阻碍地板电流从激励端口流向非激励端口的作用,从而提高天线单元之间的隔离度；在该MIMO天线高频有效带宽中,该新型地板弯折细隙可以被看作是地板缝隙天线,在高频产生谐振,拓宽天线单元的工作带宽。此外,实验与仿真结果表明,该新型地板弯折细缝对天线单元的阻抗匹配影响很小。
(四)基于机理——增加合适的耦合路径可以减小MIMO天线单元间的耦合,研究中和线解耦技术适合应用于宽带MIMO手机天线中的方法。提出了一种宽带T型中和线,深入研究了它的工作机理,仿真与实验结果均证明该宽带T型中和线的可行性；为了使得MIMO手机天线既覆盖第二代移动通信系统的工作频率,又能满足MIMO通信系统的要求,从而解决不同通信系统的兼容问题,提出将工作带宽覆盖GSM900、DCS、 PCS、UMTS的天线和两个工作带宽相同(工作带宽覆盖WLAN2.4、WiMAX2.5和WiMAX3.5)的天线放置在同一个手机系统中,利用不同的解耦方法提高不同天线单元之间的隔离度。
(五)基于UWB (Ultra-Wideband,超宽带)天线技术和MIMO天线技术的优点,提出将UWB天线技术与MIMO手机天线相结合,研究耦合结构和UWB陷波结构之间相互的影响,成功设计出一款小型高隔离度双陷波UWB MIMO天线。在该设计中,通过引入两个地板枝节,实现两天线单元的合理放置。一方面可以改善天线单元的阻抗匹配,减小天线单元的尺寸,另一方面增加了两天线单元之间沿着地板方向的路径,从而可以减小天线单元之间的耦合。在天线单元的辐射体背面放置一条小型的金属带,利用该天线单元与金属带通过耦合组成的环形电流回路实现超宽带天线的陷波功能,这种陷波结构既不增加天线的尺寸,又不会增加天线单元之间的互耦。
In recent years, with the rapid development of wireless communication systems, thedemand for high data rate and high quality mobile communication systems is increasing andthe conventional technologies of communication are difficult to solve this problem. Withoutsacrificing additional spectrum or transmitted power in rich multi-path environments, MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) technology, which has potentiality of increasing channelcapacity and improving the quality of mobile communication systems, draws increasingattentions form scholars of mobile communication. MIMO technology has been extensivelyconsidered as one of the core technologies of LTE (Long Term Evolution) and4G (The fourthgeneration mobile communication system) systems. In LTE and4G systems, the MIMOphone antenna is vital and attentional. In the dissertation, the compact wideband/multi-bandMIMO antennas, which are suitable to apply in mobile phone, are studied, and several kindsof compact wideband/multi-band MIMO phone antennas with good characteristics arepresented. The dissertation was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (61171029)“MIMO Antennas for Mobile Phones” and Guangzhou Science andTechnology Project (12C42081659)“MIMO Antennas for Mobile Phones”, and the maincontributions of the dissertation can be summarized as follows.
(I) Based on the working mechanisms of monopole antenna and loop antenna, amonopole antenna is designed into a loop path through coupling, and stability or goodrobustness of phone antenna can be realized. Thus, with compact size, wide operation bandand good robustness, the monopole antenna is suitable as an antenna element for MIMOantenna. In the dissertation, the design proposal is applied in the design of a compactdual-band phone antenna, and the simulated and measured results proved the feasibility of thedesign proposal.
(II) Based on the working mechanism of the two-strip, the dual-side two-strip are usedto compact the antenna size and improve the impedance matching of antenna, and antennassuitable for MIMO phone antenna are desinged. Based on the mechanism of mutual couplingbetween the antenna elements, methods to decreases the mutual caused by the ground surfacecurrents and space wave are analyzed in detail. Proposal and decoupling methods that mutualcoupling caused by the ground surface currents and space wave both can be reduced by onedecopling structure are presented, and the proposa and decoupling methods are applied in thedesigns of dual-band MIMO phone antenna with two antenna elements and Tri-band MIMOphone antenna with four antenna elements. The simulated and measured results show the two MIMO phone antennas have good properties, therefore, the proposal and decoupling methodsare feasible.
(III) Based on the working mechanisms of decoupling and impedance mathing,structures, which can reduce the mutual coupling and improve the impedance matching ofantenna elements too, are investigated, and a kind of novel bent slits etched into the groundplane are presented. For the lower frequencies of the operation band, the function of the novelbent silts is the same as the conventional slits etched into the ground plane, the couplingcurrents flowing to the no excited port are blocked by the bent silts, and the isolation of theMIMO antenna elements can be improved. For the higher frequencies of the operation band,the novel bent silts can be considered as slit antennas, and they can produce resonant to widenthe impedance bandwidth. Moreover, the simulated and measured results show the effect ofthe bent slits on the impedance matching is slight.
(IV) Based on the decouping mechanism of introdcution of additional coupling path,the neutralization lines are investigated to decrease the mutual coupling of MIMO phoneantenna with wide operation band, and a wideband T-shape neutralization line is proposed.The working mechanism of the wideband T-shape neutralization line is analyzed in detail, andthe simulated and measured results prove its feasibility. In order to cover the conventionaloperation bands of phone antenna and take advantages of the MIMO technology, a compactconventional phone antenna with operation band covering GSM900DCS PCS and UMTSis integrated with a wideband MIMO antenna, which operation band cover WLAN2.4WiMAX2.5and WiMAX3.5, and different decoupling methods are applied to improve theisolation for the different kinds of antenna elements.
(V) Based on the adventanges of UWB (Ultra-Wideband) antenna technique and MIMOantenna technique, the combine of the two kinds of antenna techniques is proposed. Theinteractions of decoupling structure and band-notched structure are studied in detial, and acompact dual band-notched UWB MIMO antenna with high isolation is designed successfully.In the design, a special layout of the two antenna elements is realized by the application oftwo protruded ground parts, which can improve the impedance matching, reduce the size ofantenna element, increase the distance (along the ground plane) between the two feed ports,and lower the mutual coupling. A metal strip is placed behind the antenna element. Bycoupling beweent the metal strip and the antenna element, a coupling loop path is producedfor the band-notched frequency. Without increasing the sizes of antenna elements, thisband-notched structure does not increase the mutual coupling between the two antenna elements.
引文
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