新城金矿深部采场支护参数及开采顺序优化研究
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摘要
随着对矿产资源需求量的增加和机械化开采技术的发展,新城金矿开采强度和规模大幅增加,浅部资源陆续采完,矿山开采逐渐向深部发展。与浅部开采相比,地应力越来越高,地质条件越来越复杂,地应力特征和岩石力学性质发生了根本变化,采场极易出现冒顶、片帮等,给采场的维护带来了很大的困难,严重影响了该矿的安全高效生产
科学合理的支护是减少冒顶、片帮等的有效措施,目前新城金矿所采用的支护参数都是凭工程经验确定,缺少相关理论依据,本文在对新城金矿地质条件、开采技术条件等的全面认识基础上,从深部采场顶板冒落机理入手,对深部采场顶板冒落影响因素进行了分析,并对其支护原则和支护方法进行了归纳总结。结合新城金矿的工程实际,对砂浆锚索的受力特点及作用机理进行了分析。在此基础之上,介绍了锚索支护参数相关设计理论,并利用该理论对采场支护参数进行了设计,从而为后续的支护参数选取提供理论支持。
本文的另一个重要研究内容就是深部采场的开采顺序优化,利用岩土工程软件FLAC3D对隔一采一的传统开采顺序进行了动态模拟,选取三个开采时期,对各时期围岩及充填体的应力、位移进行对比分析,确定出其内在变化规律。在此基础之上,提出三套开采方案,选定两个开采时期,对同一时期不同方案的应力、位移等分别进行对比分析,从而确定出最优开采方案。
通过本文的研究,确定出了锚索支护参数及最优的开采方案,给新城金矿-630m中段及更深中段的采矿作业提供重要的理论依据,同时对同类矿山也具有较高的参考价值。
With the increasing demand for mineral resources and the development of mechanized mining technology, mining intensity in Xincheng Gold Deposit is gaining, the scale becomes much larger and the mineral deposit in shallow has been removed in succession while mining is gradually transfering to the deep. Compared with mining in shallow, geo-stress becomes higher and geological conditions are more complex because geo-stress characteristics and rock mechanical properties have been fundamental changed in deep, which easily leading to stope roof falling and slabbing. All that has brought great difficulties to stope maintaining and seriously affects the safe and efficient production.
An effective measure to reduce the roof falling, rib spalling and other safety incidents is to introduce a scientific and reasonable support pattern. However, supporting parameters used in Xincheng Gold Deposit are determined by engineering experience, lacking of interrelated theoretical foundation. Combining the comprehensive understanding of the geological and mining technical conditions of the Xincheng Gold Deposit with the cave-in mechanism of stope roof in deep, the influencing factors of roof collapsing in deep stope are fully analysed, so summarized the principles and methods of supporting. To integrate with the engineering experience of Xincheng Gold Deposit, the mechanical characteristics and the mechanism Action of Mortar Bolt are analysed at the same time. On the basis, three supporting parameters design theories of the anchor cable are introduced to design new supporting parameters of the stope so as to give the theoretical foundation of follow-up support parameter selections.
Another important study of this paper is the optimization of mining sequence in deep stope. A traditional mining sequence that a layer of ore has been removed and then separated by a layer near the layer of ore mining is dynamically simulated by the FLAC3D, a kind of geotechnical engineering software. Choosing three mining periods, the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock and backfill in each mining period are analysed to determine the variation of its intrinsic. Based on fully understanding of the stress and displacement variation of surrounding rock and backfill, three mining schemes are proposed and two mining periods are selected, then, the stress and displacement in the same mining period of each scheme were comparatively analysed to determine the optimal mining scheme.
Through the study, the parameters of anchor support and the optimal mining scheme are determined, providing an important theoretical basis for mining operations in Xincheng Gold Deposit-630m middle segment and deeper segment, which also has high reference value for similar mines.
科学合理的支护是减少冒顶、片帮等的有效措施,目前新城金矿所采用的支护参数都是凭工程经验确定,缺少相关理论依据,本文在对新城金矿地质条件、开采技术条件等的全面认识基础上,从深部采场顶板冒落机理入手,对深部采场顶板冒落影响因素进行了分析,并对其支护原则和支护方法进行了归纳总结。结合新城金矿的工程实际,对砂浆锚索的受力特点及作用机理进行了分析。在此基础之上,介绍了锚索支护参数相关设计理论,并利用该理论对采场支护参数进行了设计,从而为后续的支护参数选取提供理论支持。
本文的另一个重要研究内容就是深部采场的开采顺序优化,利用岩土工程软件FLAC3D对隔一采一的传统开采顺序进行了动态模拟,选取三个开采时期,对各时期围岩及充填体的应力、位移进行对比分析,确定出其内在变化规律。在此基础之上,提出三套开采方案,选定两个开采时期,对同一时期不同方案的应力、位移等分别进行对比分析,从而确定出最优开采方案。
通过本文的研究,确定出了锚索支护参数及最优的开采方案,给新城金矿-630m中段及更深中段的采矿作业提供重要的理论依据,同时对同类矿山也具有较高的参考价值。
With the increasing demand for mineral resources and the development of mechanized mining technology, mining intensity in Xincheng Gold Deposit is gaining, the scale becomes much larger and the mineral deposit in shallow has been removed in succession while mining is gradually transfering to the deep. Compared with mining in shallow, geo-stress becomes higher and geological conditions are more complex because geo-stress characteristics and rock mechanical properties have been fundamental changed in deep, which easily leading to stope roof falling and slabbing. All that has brought great difficulties to stope maintaining and seriously affects the safe and efficient production.
An effective measure to reduce the roof falling, rib spalling and other safety incidents is to introduce a scientific and reasonable support pattern. However, supporting parameters used in Xincheng Gold Deposit are determined by engineering experience, lacking of interrelated theoretical foundation. Combining the comprehensive understanding of the geological and mining technical conditions of the Xincheng Gold Deposit with the cave-in mechanism of stope roof in deep, the influencing factors of roof collapsing in deep stope are fully analysed, so summarized the principles and methods of supporting. To integrate with the engineering experience of Xincheng Gold Deposit, the mechanical characteristics and the mechanism Action of Mortar Bolt are analysed at the same time. On the basis, three supporting parameters design theories of the anchor cable are introduced to design new supporting parameters of the stope so as to give the theoretical foundation of follow-up support parameter selections.
Another important study of this paper is the optimization of mining sequence in deep stope. A traditional mining sequence that a layer of ore has been removed and then separated by a layer near the layer of ore mining is dynamically simulated by the FLAC3D, a kind of geotechnical engineering software. Choosing three mining periods, the stress and displacement of the surrounding rock and backfill in each mining period are analysed to determine the variation of its intrinsic. Based on fully understanding of the stress and displacement variation of surrounding rock and backfill, three mining schemes are proposed and two mining periods are selected, then, the stress and displacement in the same mining period of each scheme were comparatively analysed to determine the optimal mining scheme.
Through the study, the parameters of anchor support and the optimal mining scheme are determined, providing an important theoretical basis for mining operations in Xincheng Gold Deposit-630m middle segment and deeper segment, which also has high reference value for similar mines.
引文
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4.冯巨恩.金属矿深井充填系统的安全评价与失效控制方法研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2005
5.杨承祥.深井金属矿床高效开采及地压监控技术研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2007
6.侍爱国.金川二矿区深部开采技术研究[D].昆明：昆明理工大学,2005
7.冯兴隆,贾明涛,王李管,等.地下金属矿山开采技术发展趋势[J].中国钼业,2008,32(2)：9-13
8.张云军.六苴矿床深部矿体开采技术研究[D].昆明：昆明理工大学,2003
9. Gurtunca R G, Keynote L. Mining below 3000m and challenges for the South African gold mining industry[A]. In:Proceedings of Mechanics of jointed and Fractured Rock[C].Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1998,3-10
10. X.B.LI, et al. Experimental investigation on the breakage of hard rock by the PDC with combined action modes[J]. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16(2): 107-114
11. Diering D H. Ultra-deep level mining:future re quirements[J]. Joumal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1997,97(6):249-255
12. Vogel M, Andrast H P.AIP transit-safety in construction as challenge, health and safety aspects in very deep tunnel construction[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Teehnology,2000,15(2):147-151
13. Johnson R A S.Mining at ultra-depth, evaluation of alternatives[A]. In:Proceedings of the 2nd North America Rock Mechannics Symposium[C]. Montreal:NARMS'96,1996, 359-366
14.卢萍.深部采场结构参数及回采顺序优化研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2008,1-2
15.石平,魏忠义,姜莉,等.抚顺红透山铜矿废弃地植物重金属耐性研究[J].金属矿山,2010,(2)：155-158
16.古德生,李夕兵.有色金属深井采矿研究现状与科学前沿[J].矿业研究与开发,2003,1-5
17.钱鸣高.20年来采场围岩控制理论与实践的回顾[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1)：1-4
18.郑永学.矿山岩体力学[M].北京：冶金工业出版社,1988
19.张永兴.岩石力学[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004
20.何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,姜耀东.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16)：2803-2813
21.钱鸣高.采场矿山压力与控制[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1983
22.曹刚.康家湾矿深部难采矿体采场稳定性及安全开采技术研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2008
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