辽宁省排山楼金矿环境风险评价研究
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摘要
本文研究了辽宁省排山楼金矿的环境风险评价问题。从物质危险性和工程项目潜在危险性两方面对该金矿进行了风险识别,运用层次分析法从中筛选出含氰废水污染地下水为最大可信事故;然后采用数据频率分析与事件树分析相结合的方法对其进行了定量分析;再根据氰化物污染地下水的幕景假设建立了数学模型。由Matlab求解的计算结果可知,一年一遇降雨淋溶水中氰化物超过地下水Ⅲ类质量标准,防渗工作主要应针对一年一遇的降雨。最后根据氰化物排放对水生生物和人体健康两方面影响的风险评价,得到氰化物污染地下水属于可接受风险。鉴于氰化物是剧毒物质,且在评价中存在很多不确定因素,因此减少尾矿中氰化物的含量、做好露天采坑防渗工作以及闭库后立即覆土绿化是非常必要的。
The environmental risk assessment for Paishanlou gold mine in Liaoning was studied in this paper. The risk recognition to the gold mine had been carried out from the material risk and the engineering project risk. The cyanide polluting groundwater had been selected as the maximum credible accident by Analytic Hierarchy Process. Then by the method combined the data frequency analysis with the event tree analysis, the maximum credible accident had been analyzed quantitatively. Subsequently the mathematical model had been established according to the curtain scenery supposition of the cyanide pollution ground water. The results computed by Matlab indicated that the concentration of cyanide caused rainfall surpass III kind of quality standards of the ground water. The measures against infiltrate deal mainly with the rainfall taked place once a year. Finally according to the risk assessment about the influence of cyanide discharged on aquatic lives and human health, it was reached that the cyanide contaminating groundwater belong to acceptable risk. As cyanide is highly toxic substances and there are many uncertain factors in the evaluation, therefore it is very necessary to strengthen risk management.
The environmental risk assessment for Paishanlou gold mine in Liaoning was studied in this paper. The risk recognition to the gold mine had been carried out from the material risk and the engineering project risk. The cyanide polluting groundwater had been selected as the maximum credible accident by Analytic Hierarchy Process. Then by the method combined the data frequency analysis with the event tree analysis, the maximum credible accident had been analyzed quantitatively. Subsequently the mathematical model had been established according to the curtain scenery supposition of the cyanide pollution ground water. The results computed by Matlab indicated that the concentration of cyanide caused rainfall surpass III kind of quality standards of the ground water. The measures against infiltrate deal mainly with the rainfall taked place once a year. Finally according to the risk assessment about the influence of cyanide discharged on aquatic lives and human health, it was reached that the cyanide contaminating groundwater belong to acceptable risk. As cyanide is highly toxic substances and there are many uncertain factors in the evaluation, therefore it is very necessary to strengthen risk management.
引文
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[39] 郭文成等.环境风险评价与环境风险管理[J].云南环境科学(增刊),2001,20,12:98-100
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[2] 傅桃生.环境应急与典型案例[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.3
[3] 林玉锁.国外环境风险评价的现状与趋势[J] .环境科学动态,1993.1
[4] NRC.Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment [M].National Academy Press,Washington,D.C.,1994.
[5] Power M,McCarty LS.Trends in the development of ecological risk assessment and nagement frame works[J].Human and Ecological Risk Assessment,2002,8(1):7-18
[6] 林玉锁.对我国开展环境风险评价的一些看法[J].环境导报,1993,1:14-15
[7] 毛小苓,赵智杰,张辉.APELL 简介及在环境影响评价中的应用[J].环境科学,1998,19(增刊):1-5
[8] 钟政林,曾光明,杨春平.环境风险评价研究进展[J] .环境科学进展,1996,4(6):17-21
[9] 胡二邦.环境风险评价实用技术和方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2000.
[10] 张从. 环境评价教程[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.9
[11] 张征等.环境评价学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2004.7
[12] S.Contini,A.Servida.Risk Analysis in Environmental Impact Studies,“Environmental Impact Assesment”(G Colomha ed.) ,79～103,ECSE,EEC,EAEC,1992.
[13] 陆雍森.环境评价(第二版)[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1999.9
[14] 彭理通.石油化工工业环境风险评价探讨[J].能源与环境,1996,13(2):15-19
[15] USEPA.Review of ecological risk assessment methods[J].EPA.1988 , 230-10-88041
[16] Satena.Hazard assessment of chemicals [M]. New York:Academic Press Inc., 1981.
[17] 沈英娃等.生态风险评价方法简述[J].中国环境科学,1991,11(6):464-468
[18] USNRC,PRA-Procedures Guide.A Guide to the Probabilistic Risk Assessments for Nuclear Power Plant.WASH-1400(NUREG-75/014),1975.
[19] 辽宁省排山楼金矿环境评价委托书.辽宁省黄金管理局.1997.
[20]《黄金生产工业指南》编委会. 黄金生产工业指南[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.1
[21] 梁国海,洪小鹏.尾矿压滤干堆工艺在排山楼金矿的成功应用与改造实践[J].黄金,2003,(12):12-15.
[22] 李奇瑞.美国黄金矿山的建设模式为排山楼金矿之所用[J].黄金,15,(2):32-34.
[23] 严智勇.氰化物污染及其生态效应[J].环境监测管理与技术,1997,9(6):17-19.
[24] 赵全升,李悦,谢新民,魏永富,杨天行.环境系统分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.
[25] 王莲芬等.层次分析法引论[M]. 北京:中国人民大学出版,1990.5
[26] 王学军,郭亚军,兰天.构造一致性判断矩阵的序关系分析法[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(1):115-118
[27] 杨晓松.环境风险评价的不确定性及其度量[J].国外金属矿选矿,1996,10:53-56
[28] 彭静等译.水污染的工程风险分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.1
[29] 刘铁民,张兴凯,刘功智.安全评价方法应用指南[M],北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[30] 沈斐敏. 安全系统工程理论与应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.
[31] 马学尼,黄延林.水文学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998.
[32] 魏永霞,王丽学等.工程水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.
[33] 武强,刘伏昌,李铎.矿山环境研究理论与实践[J].北京:地质出版社,2005.
[34] 王广成,闫旭骞.矿区生态系统健康评价理论及其实证研究[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2006.3
[35] 曾光明等.突发性水环境风险评价模型事故泄漏行为的模拟分析[J].中国环境科学,1998,18(5):403-406
[36] 朱学愚,钱孝星.地下水水文学[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2005.8
[37] 汪家权,钱家忠.水环境系统模拟[M].合肥:合肥工业大学出版社,2005.9
[38] David R.Maidment 主编,张建云,李纪生等译.水文学手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[39] 郭文成等.环境风险评价与环境风险管理[J].云南环境科学(增刊),2001,20,12:98-100
[40] 孙斌等.事故风险评价与风险管理模式研究[J].中国矿业,2003,12(1):71-73
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