“后危机”时代中国商业银行经营方式转型的研究
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摘要
此次国际金融危机,使得国际金融业风险监管的脆弱性和对金融机构全面审慎监管的失效暴露无遗。进入“后危机”时代,国际大型银行重新审视发展战略,在坚持综合经营的同时,加强金融监管,积极采取措施防范金融风险,在全面风险控制的前提下优化综合经营。
当前,中国经济正在经历经济结构调整和经济发展方式的转型的过渡期,以及顺应“后危机”时代日益复杂多变的外部国际环境和日益审慎严格的监管,我国商业银行也应该积极顺应形势变化,谋划经营方式转型。在现行的中国实际的大环境下,中国传统的分业经营模式已经不能适应经济的发展,通过市场选择形成的金融控股型全能银行才是适合中国银行业转型的有利模式。中国商业银行积极发展以中间业务为主的零售银行业务,逐步改变过度依赖资本占用高的批发性信贷业务的状况。金融控股全能银行不仅可以推进中国金融业产权制度和经营体制的市场化进程,有力的防控经营风险,还有助于实现中国金融增长模式由粗放型向集约型的转变。
中国商业银行要从经营理念的转变入手,积极调整业务结构,创新业务类型,重组组织机构,再造业务流程,在全面风险管理的前提下提升整体的经营管理水平和员工素质,切实使我国商业银行的核心竞争力得以提高。但从实际来看,目前有关我国商业银行的经营方式转型的相关配套设施方面尚未完善,商业银行的真正转型不是一蹴而就的。为此,本人对“后危机”时代中国商业银行经营方式转型进行全面的探讨。
Because of the international financial crisis, the vulnerability of the international financial industry regulatory risk and the failure of financial institutions comprehensive supervision completely unmasked. Enter the" post-crisis" era, large international banks re-examine the development strategy, insist on comprehensive management at the same time, strengthen financial supervision, and actively take measures to guard against financial risks, in the comprehensive risk control under the premise of optimizing the comprehensive management.
Currently, the Chinese economy is experiencing the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of the mode of economic development in the transitional period, and to comply with the "post-crisis" era of increasingly complex and changeful external international environment and increasingly cautious strict supervision, China's commercial banks should actively adapt to the changing situation, and plan management mode transformation.In the current Chinese actual circumstance, Chinese traditional management mode has been unable to adapt to the economic development, the market formed the financial holding universal banking is suitable for Chinese banking transformation of advantageous mode. Chinese commercial banks are actively to the development of the intermediate business of the retail banking business, gradually changing the excessive dependence on capital high wholesale credit business status. Financial holding banks can not only promote the Chinese financial industry property right system and management system to commercialize a process, effective prevention and control operational risk, but also contribute to the achievement of Chinese financial growth pattern from extensive model to intensive model change.
Chinese commercial banks should start from the change of management concept, and actively adjust the business structure, business innovation, restructuring the organization, reengineering the business process, in the comprehensive risk management under the premise of improving the whole level of management and staff quality, to make our country commercial bank's core competitiveness can be improved. But from a practical point of view, the commercial bank management mode transformation of related facilities of our country are not perfect, the real transformation of commercial banks is not accomplish at one stroke. Therefore, I focus on the "post-crisis" era of China's commercial banks business transition to conduct a comprehensive study.
当前,中国经济正在经历经济结构调整和经济发展方式的转型的过渡期,以及顺应“后危机”时代日益复杂多变的外部国际环境和日益审慎严格的监管,我国商业银行也应该积极顺应形势变化,谋划经营方式转型。在现行的中国实际的大环境下,中国传统的分业经营模式已经不能适应经济的发展,通过市场选择形成的金融控股型全能银行才是适合中国银行业转型的有利模式。中国商业银行积极发展以中间业务为主的零售银行业务,逐步改变过度依赖资本占用高的批发性信贷业务的状况。金融控股全能银行不仅可以推进中国金融业产权制度和经营体制的市场化进程,有力的防控经营风险,还有助于实现中国金融增长模式由粗放型向集约型的转变。
中国商业银行要从经营理念的转变入手,积极调整业务结构,创新业务类型,重组组织机构,再造业务流程,在全面风险管理的前提下提升整体的经营管理水平和员工素质,切实使我国商业银行的核心竞争力得以提高。但从实际来看,目前有关我国商业银行的经营方式转型的相关配套设施方面尚未完善,商业银行的真正转型不是一蹴而就的。为此,本人对“后危机”时代中国商业银行经营方式转型进行全面的探讨。
Because of the international financial crisis, the vulnerability of the international financial industry regulatory risk and the failure of financial institutions comprehensive supervision completely unmasked. Enter the" post-crisis" era, large international banks re-examine the development strategy, insist on comprehensive management at the same time, strengthen financial supervision, and actively take measures to guard against financial risks, in the comprehensive risk control under the premise of optimizing the comprehensive management.
Currently, the Chinese economy is experiencing the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of the mode of economic development in the transitional period, and to comply with the "post-crisis" era of increasingly complex and changeful external international environment and increasingly cautious strict supervision, China's commercial banks should actively adapt to the changing situation, and plan management mode transformation.In the current Chinese actual circumstance, Chinese traditional management mode has been unable to adapt to the economic development, the market formed the financial holding universal banking is suitable for Chinese banking transformation of advantageous mode. Chinese commercial banks are actively to the development of the intermediate business of the retail banking business, gradually changing the excessive dependence on capital high wholesale credit business status. Financial holding banks can not only promote the Chinese financial industry property right system and management system to commercialize a process, effective prevention and control operational risk, but also contribute to the achievement of Chinese financial growth pattern from extensive model to intensive model change.
Chinese commercial banks should start from the change of management concept, and actively adjust the business structure, business innovation, restructuring the organization, reengineering the business process, in the comprehensive risk management under the premise of improving the whole level of management and staff quality, to make our country commercial bank's core competitiveness can be improved. But from a practical point of view, the commercial bank management mode transformation of related facilities of our country are not perfect, the real transformation of commercial banks is not accomplish at one stroke. Therefore, I focus on the "post-crisis" era of China's commercial banks business transition to conduct a comprehensive study.
引文
[1]邓智毅.对国有大型商业银行推行事业部制改革的几点思考[J].中国金融,2007,(23).
[2]姜波克.金融开放与经济发展.复旦大学学报,2009, (9)：124-126.
[3]夏斌.金融控股公司的风险初析,国务院发展研究中心金融研究所.
[4]白钦先,刘刚等.各国金融体制比较[M].中国金融出版社,2008.
[5]戴维·罗杰斯.商业银行的未来[M]中译本.新华出版社,2007.
[6]张银仓.全球金融危机背景下我国商业银行盈利模式转型问题研究[J].金融理论与实践,2009, (6)：56-60.
[7]刘邀.跨国银行与金融深化.远东金融报,2009, (9)：78-86.
[8]李江,王庆新,汤建光.发达经济中银行盈利模式的变化与启示[J].经济问题探索,2006, (7)：136-139.
[9]雷立钧.资本约束下我国商业银行业务发展模式[J]财经问题研究,2007,(5)：53-57.
[10]薛宏建.商业银行中间业务的发展路径与实证研究[J].金融论坛,2007,(11)：44-48.
[11]各上市银行2007-2010年年度报告.
[12]邓超,代军勋.银行存贷利差分析[J].金融研究,2008, (3)：70-78.
[13]李鲁新,张卫国,胡海.论我国商业银行盈利模式的转变,南方金融,2009,(6)：42-43.
[14]陈雨露,马勇.混业经营与金融体系稳定性：基于银行危机的全球实证分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,2008,(7)
[15]崔艺耀.金融危机背景下我国金融业实行混业经营的思考(5).[J].海南金融,2009, (1)
[16]肖冠凡,廖宇航,李健.浅谈我国商业银行的混业经营[J].当代经济,2008,(3).
[17]张云峰.2008沧海横流中的中间业务[J].银行家,2009.
[18]杨荣.中国金融机构从分业走向混业经营的分析[J].价格月刊,2009,(6).
[19]郑海志.银行国际化经营.中国金融年鉴报,2009, (10)：69-70.
[20]凌怀江.银行商业化新探索.中国经济学报,2009, (12)：42-44.
[21]Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Ross Levine金融结构和经济增长：银行、市场和发展的跨国比较[R]中译本中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[22]刘元庆.资本约束、金融脱媒、利率市场化与商业银行战略转型[J].金融论坛,2006, (7)
[23]张青.商业银行经营战略调整中的“大零售”理念[J].上海金融,2005,(4).
[24]周小川.稳步推进金融综合经营试点[J].银行家,2006, (9)
[25]谢群.现阶段我国·跨行业跨市场金融风险监管制度探析[J].现代商业,2008,(2)
[26]石磊.浅谈我国金融业由分业经营向混业经营转变的.趋势[J]时代经贸,2008, (6)
[27]柯思宇.浅谈中国金融业分业经营与混业经营的选择[J].理论界,2007,(8).
[28]吕耀明.商业银行创新与发展.人民出版社,2003.
[29]葛兆强.后危机时代商业银行经营转型：目标、内涵与策略[J].南方金融,2009, (12)
[30]周逢民.后金融危机时期我国商业银行发展路径选择[N].金融时报,2010.
[31]易会满.我国商业银行经营转型的动因、目标与实施途径[J].金融论坛,2006,(9)
[32]中国人民大学经济学研究所.中国宏观经济形势与政策：2009-2010年[J]经济理论与经济管理,2010,(1)
[33]胡锦涛.2010年中央经济工作会议上讲话[N].人民日报,2009.
[34]何勇.我国国有商业银行盈利水平和能力研究[J].上海金融学院学报,2007,(1)
[35]张银仓.全球金融危机背景下我国商业银行盈利模式转型问题研究[J].金融理论与实践,2009, (6).
[36]H.Christopher Lovelock. Marketing Service, [M].NJ:Prentice Hall,2001.
[37]Jordi Canals.Universal Banking:International Comparisons and Theoretical Perspectives.Oxford:Clarendon Press.1997.
[38]WORKING GROUP ON ECONOMIC CAPITAL MODELS (2009 forthcoming):"Risk Measurement within Financial Conglomerates:Best Practices by Risk Type".
[39]CUMMING, C.M.and B.J.HIRTLE(2010):"The Challenges of Risk Management in Diversified Financial Companies" Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Economic Policy Review,7,1-17.
[40]GROUP OF 10(2008):"Consolidation in the Financial Sector":Group of Ten.
[41]Graham Bannock, William Manser. The Penguin International Dictionary of Finance, The Penguin Books,2nd Edition,2007, (6):158-166.
[2]姜波克.金融开放与经济发展.复旦大学学报,2009, (9)：124-126.
[3]夏斌.金融控股公司的风险初析,国务院发展研究中心金融研究所.
[4]白钦先,刘刚等.各国金融体制比较[M].中国金融出版社,2008.
[5]戴维·罗杰斯.商业银行的未来[M]中译本.新华出版社,2007.
[6]张银仓.全球金融危机背景下我国商业银行盈利模式转型问题研究[J].金融理论与实践,2009, (6)：56-60.
[7]刘邀.跨国银行与金融深化.远东金融报,2009, (9)：78-86.
[8]李江,王庆新,汤建光.发达经济中银行盈利模式的变化与启示[J].经济问题探索,2006, (7)：136-139.
[9]雷立钧.资本约束下我国商业银行业务发展模式[J]财经问题研究,2007,(5)：53-57.
[10]薛宏建.商业银行中间业务的发展路径与实证研究[J].金融论坛,2007,(11)：44-48.
[11]各上市银行2007-2010年年度报告.
[12]邓超,代军勋.银行存贷利差分析[J].金融研究,2008, (3)：70-78.
[13]李鲁新,张卫国,胡海.论我国商业银行盈利模式的转变,南方金融,2009,(6)：42-43.
[14]陈雨露,马勇.混业经营与金融体系稳定性：基于银行危机的全球实证分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,2008,(7)
[15]崔艺耀.金融危机背景下我国金融业实行混业经营的思考(5).[J].海南金融,2009, (1)
[16]肖冠凡,廖宇航,李健.浅谈我国商业银行的混业经营[J].当代经济,2008,(3).
[17]张云峰.2008沧海横流中的中间业务[J].银行家,2009.
[18]杨荣.中国金融机构从分业走向混业经营的分析[J].价格月刊,2009,(6).
[19]郑海志.银行国际化经营.中国金融年鉴报,2009, (10)：69-70.
[20]凌怀江.银行商业化新探索.中国经济学报,2009, (12)：42-44.
[21]Asli Demirguc-Kunt, Ross Levine金融结构和经济增长：银行、市场和发展的跨国比较[R]中译本中国人民大学出版社,2008.
[22]刘元庆.资本约束、金融脱媒、利率市场化与商业银行战略转型[J].金融论坛,2006, (7)
[23]张青.商业银行经营战略调整中的“大零售”理念[J].上海金融,2005,(4).
[24]周小川.稳步推进金融综合经营试点[J].银行家,2006, (9)
[25]谢群.现阶段我国·跨行业跨市场金融风险监管制度探析[J].现代商业,2008,(2)
[26]石磊.浅谈我国金融业由分业经营向混业经营转变的.趋势[J]时代经贸,2008, (6)
[27]柯思宇.浅谈中国金融业分业经营与混业经营的选择[J].理论界,2007,(8).
[28]吕耀明.商业银行创新与发展.人民出版社,2003.
[29]葛兆强.后危机时代商业银行经营转型：目标、内涵与策略[J].南方金融,2009, (12)
[30]周逢民.后金融危机时期我国商业银行发展路径选择[N].金融时报,2010.
[31]易会满.我国商业银行经营转型的动因、目标与实施途径[J].金融论坛,2006,(9)
[32]中国人民大学经济学研究所.中国宏观经济形势与政策：2009-2010年[J]经济理论与经济管理,2010,(1)
[33]胡锦涛.2010年中央经济工作会议上讲话[N].人民日报,2009.
[34]何勇.我国国有商业银行盈利水平和能力研究[J].上海金融学院学报,2007,(1)
[35]张银仓.全球金融危机背景下我国商业银行盈利模式转型问题研究[J].金融理论与实践,2009, (6).
[36]H.Christopher Lovelock. Marketing Service, [M].NJ:Prentice Hall,2001.
[37]Jordi Canals.Universal Banking:International Comparisons and Theoretical Perspectives.Oxford:Clarendon Press.1997.
[38]WORKING GROUP ON ECONOMIC CAPITAL MODELS (2009 forthcoming):"Risk Measurement within Financial Conglomerates:Best Practices by Risk Type".
[39]CUMMING, C.M.and B.J.HIRTLE(2010):"The Challenges of Risk Management in Diversified Financial Companies" Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Economic Policy Review,7,1-17.
[40]GROUP OF 10(2008):"Consolidation in the Financial Sector":Group of Ten.
[41]Graham Bannock, William Manser. The Penguin International Dictionary of Finance, The Penguin Books,2nd Edition,2007, (6):158-166.