土壤中重金属的形态分析及重金属污染土壤的修复
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摘要
本文研究了在pH=6.0、pH=7.0和pH=8.0时,土壤中Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn六种重金属可交换态含量,以及土壤中重金属可交换态含量随pH的变化趋势,优化了超声波辅助萃取土壤中重金属可交换态含量的条件;对比了EDTA、柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸、草酸钠、草酸、焦性没食子酸和酒石酸去除污染土壤样品中的Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn重金属的效率。研究了EDTA在萃取污染土壤中重金属时的影响因素并优化了最佳的萃取条件,在此条件下,通过萃取采自电镀厂周围的5种土壤样品,分析了土壤中重金属的形态分布对化学萃取的影响;对比了玉树、丽杯阁和石莲三种植物在修复重金属污染土壤时的吸收能力,分析了不同重金属浓度对植物吸收重金属的影响。
按照Tessier系列萃取法萃取了在pH=6.0、pH=7.0与pH=8.0时,土壤中Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn重金属可交换态含量。结果表明土壤中六种重金属可交换态含量在中性和偏碱性条件下含量相近,在偏碱性时稍低,在偏酸性条件下,萃取的可交换态含量较高。优化了超声波辅助萃取土壤中重金属可交换态最佳的萃取条件:时间为20min,温度为60℃和功率为120W。
重金属污染的修复是近年来研究的一个热点。化学修复是一种最为成熟和高效的方法。目前研究的热点就集中在选择一种廉价、高效不会产生二次污染的修复剂。本文选取了几种修复剂,对比了其处理效率,结果表明EDTA能较好的去除土壤中的各种重金属,而其他的修复剂则针对某一种重金属有较好的去除效果。最后选定EDTA作为本次试验的萃取剂,优化了EDTA化学萃取的条件:浓度0.100mol/L、pH=6.0和液固比7.5:1。在此条件下,应用EDTA萃取了采自苏州相城区和望亭镇的5家电镀厂周围的土壤样品。EDTA对5种样品的萃取效率在2.0%-45.2%之间,较大的差异主要是因为各土壤的理化性质及其中重金属的种类和形态分布的不同。
而植物修复是一种新型和最具潜力的修复技术。目前应用较多的就是植物萃取技术,而此技术重点就是寻找能够对重金属超积累的植物。本文选择了玉树、石莲和丽杯阁3种观赏性植物,研究了其积累土壤中Ni、Pb和Cd的能力。研究结果表明,丽杯阁和石莲积累重金属能力较强,但较高浓度的重金属会严重影响石莲的生长发育。
The differences of contents of exchangeable fraction of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the soils at pH=6.0, 7.0,8.0,and the variation trend of the contents with the change of pH were Studied. The conditions for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of heavy metals in soil were optimized. The efficiency of removing of Cu, Fe ,Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in contaminated soils by EDTA, citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, gallic acid, tri-sodium citrate and sodium oxalate were compared. The optimization conditions for extraction of heavy metals in the contaminated soil by using EDTA were studied.And in this condition ,based on extraction of 5 kinds of soil sample taken from the sides around galvanoplastic factories, the influence of the speciation distribution of heavy metal in soil on the chemical extraction was analysed;The absorptive capacity of the Yushu, Shi lian and Li bei ge in remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil was compared, different concentrations of heavy metal on the impact of plant absorption of heavy metals were analysed.
The concentrations of exchangeable heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn )at pH=6.0,pH=7.0,andpH=8.0 were determined, according to the Tessier extraction method.The results showed that the concentration of exchangeable heavy metals in the neutral and alkaline soil were almost same,and the concentration was a little low for the alkaline base soil,the highest for the slight acid soil.The best extraction conditions were optimized and they were as follows: the extraction time,temperature and power were 20min, 60℃and 120W,respectively.
Remediation on heavy metal of contaminated siol is a hot topic in recent years. Chemical remediation is one of the most mature and efficient methods. The present study focused on the choice of a cheap, efficient and no secondary pollution extract agent. Several agents were selected and their treatment efficiency were compared.The results showed that EDTA can be better to remove a variety of heavy metals in soil, while others is targeted at a particular heavy metal. As a result,EDTA was selected as the extraction reagent for this test .The optimization conditions of EDTA were as fllows: concentration of 0.100 mol/L, pH=6.0 and liquid-solid ratio 7.5:1.Under the conditions, EDTA was used for extraction of soil samples taken from the sides around 5 galvanoplastic factories in xiangcheng district and wangting town of Suzhou. The extraction efficiencies of five kinds of samples were in 2.0%-45.2%, a greater difference was mainly due to the various physical and chemical properties of soil and heavy metals in the different species.
The Phytoremediation is a new and the most potential restoration technology. At present the phytoextraction technology is more applied and the key point for this technology is to find phyeraccumlator to heavy metals.Yushu, Shi lian and Li bei ge plants were chosen for study their accumulation capabilities for Ni, Pb and Cd in soil. The results showed that, Shi lian and Li bei had greater ability to accumulate heavy metal, but the growth and development of shilian were seriously affected when the concentration of heavy metals are high.
按照Tessier系列萃取法萃取了在pH=6.0、pH=7.0与pH=8.0时,土壤中Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb和Zn重金属可交换态含量。结果表明土壤中六种重金属可交换态含量在中性和偏碱性条件下含量相近,在偏碱性时稍低,在偏酸性条件下,萃取的可交换态含量较高。优化了超声波辅助萃取土壤中重金属可交换态最佳的萃取条件:时间为20min,温度为60℃和功率为120W。
重金属污染的修复是近年来研究的一个热点。化学修复是一种最为成熟和高效的方法。目前研究的热点就集中在选择一种廉价、高效不会产生二次污染的修复剂。本文选取了几种修复剂,对比了其处理效率,结果表明EDTA能较好的去除土壤中的各种重金属,而其他的修复剂则针对某一种重金属有较好的去除效果。最后选定EDTA作为本次试验的萃取剂,优化了EDTA化学萃取的条件:浓度0.100mol/L、pH=6.0和液固比7.5:1。在此条件下,应用EDTA萃取了采自苏州相城区和望亭镇的5家电镀厂周围的土壤样品。EDTA对5种样品的萃取效率在2.0%-45.2%之间,较大的差异主要是因为各土壤的理化性质及其中重金属的种类和形态分布的不同。
而植物修复是一种新型和最具潜力的修复技术。目前应用较多的就是植物萃取技术,而此技术重点就是寻找能够对重金属超积累的植物。本文选择了玉树、石莲和丽杯阁3种观赏性植物,研究了其积累土壤中Ni、Pb和Cd的能力。研究结果表明,丽杯阁和石莲积累重金属能力较强,但较高浓度的重金属会严重影响石莲的生长发育。
The differences of contents of exchangeable fraction of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the soils at pH=6.0, 7.0,8.0,and the variation trend of the contents with the change of pH were Studied. The conditions for the ultrasound-assisted extraction of heavy metals in soil were optimized. The efficiency of removing of Cu, Fe ,Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in contaminated soils by EDTA, citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, gallic acid, tri-sodium citrate and sodium oxalate were compared. The optimization conditions for extraction of heavy metals in the contaminated soil by using EDTA were studied.And in this condition ,based on extraction of 5 kinds of soil sample taken from the sides around galvanoplastic factories, the influence of the speciation distribution of heavy metal in soil on the chemical extraction was analysed;The absorptive capacity of the Yushu, Shi lian and Li bei ge in remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soil was compared, different concentrations of heavy metal on the impact of plant absorption of heavy metals were analysed.
The concentrations of exchangeable heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn )at pH=6.0,pH=7.0,andpH=8.0 were determined, according to the Tessier extraction method.The results showed that the concentration of exchangeable heavy metals in the neutral and alkaline soil were almost same,and the concentration was a little low for the alkaline base soil,the highest for the slight acid soil.The best extraction conditions were optimized and they were as follows: the extraction time,temperature and power were 20min, 60℃and 120W,respectively.
Remediation on heavy metal of contaminated siol is a hot topic in recent years. Chemical remediation is one of the most mature and efficient methods. The present study focused on the choice of a cheap, efficient and no secondary pollution extract agent. Several agents were selected and their treatment efficiency were compared.The results showed that EDTA can be better to remove a variety of heavy metals in soil, while others is targeted at a particular heavy metal. As a result,EDTA was selected as the extraction reagent for this test .The optimization conditions of EDTA were as fllows: concentration of 0.100 mol/L, pH=6.0 and liquid-solid ratio 7.5:1.Under the conditions, EDTA was used for extraction of soil samples taken from the sides around 5 galvanoplastic factories in xiangcheng district and wangting town of Suzhou. The extraction efficiencies of five kinds of samples were in 2.0%-45.2%, a greater difference was mainly due to the various physical and chemical properties of soil and heavy metals in the different species.
The Phytoremediation is a new and the most potential restoration technology. At present the phytoextraction technology is more applied and the key point for this technology is to find phyeraccumlator to heavy metals.Yushu, Shi lian and Li bei ge plants were chosen for study their accumulation capabilities for Ni, Pb and Cd in soil. The results showed that, Shi lian and Li bei had greater ability to accumulate heavy metal, but the growth and development of shilian were seriously affected when the concentration of heavy metals are high.
引文
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[3]刘琴,乔显亮.Zn/Cd污染土壤的化学钝化修复[J].土壤,2008,40(1):78-82
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