矿山软岩巷道中拱形支架的受力分析及其应用
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摘要
随着矿山开采条件的日益复杂和开采深度的增加,软岩巷道支护问题越来越突出。拱形支架具有可缩性能好,承载力大等特点,采用拱形支架支护软岩巷道可以适应软岩本身的大变形特性,达到“以柔克刚、缓冲让压、稳定支护”目的,是软岩巷道支护中有效的支护方式。本文针对矿山软岩巷道中拱形支架进行了研究,主要包括以下几个方面:
(1)分析了软岩巷道变形特征及破坏形式,针对目前软岩巷道中所采用的支护形式,得出拱形支架能够有效地支护软岩巷道。
(2)建立了拱形支架的计算模型,以荷载结构模型和力法原理为基础,对拱形支架进行了具体的力学分析,推导了拱形支架的水平反力。
(3)从合理拱轴线的角度对拱形支架的轮廓曲线进行了优化,通过理论推导得出:在承受不等压荷载的巷道中,巷道顶部的最佳形状为椭圆形;针对巷道顶部的最佳形状为椭圆形的情况,采用荷载结构模型,运用力法原理,推导了椭圆形支架构件的内力表达式,研究结果对支架的设计计算和工程应用具有一定的参考价值。
(4)简要介绍了作用在拱形支架上外荷载的计算方法,在此基础上,以算例为研究背景,运用本文推导出的内力计算公式对巷道拱形支架采用不同的方案进行了设计,并对不同的支护方案进行了比较,为软岩巷道中拱形支架支护提供了一定的指导意义。
(5)拟定不同的工况对巷道拱形支架支护进行了优化,通过有限元计算分析得出了相应的结论,该结论对于拱形支架的设计和工程应用具有一定参考价值。另外,为了确定支架在支护过程中的薄弱部位,利用有限元对特定的支架进行计算分析,以便在实际支护中,对这些薄弱部位进行加强。
With the increasing complexity of mining and the increase of mining depth,issue on soft rock roadway has become more prominent. Arch support has good contractible performance, large carrying capacity and other characteristics. Adopting arch support strut soft rock, arch support can be adapted to the large deformation properties of soft rock, achieve the purpose of“dealt with gently, allow the buffer pressure, stably supporting”, arch support is an effective way of soft rock roadway. In this article, arch support of soft rock mining is studied. The main work includes the following aspects:
(1)The soft rock deformation characteristics and failure modes are analyzed. Arch support can support soft rock effectively through analyzing the current support forms on soft rock roadway.
(2) The calculation model of arch support is established, and the concrete mechanical analysis on arch support is carried out basing on load-structural model and the power principle. The level reaction of arch support is derived.
(3) Contour curves of arch stent are optimized from the perspective of a reasonable arch axis, through theoretical analysis we know : In roadways which bear the pressure of not equal, the best shape on at the top of roadways is oval; For the situation, adopting load-structural model and the power principle, internal force expression of oval support is derived, results of the investigation have certain reference value for the design and engineering application of support.
(4) The calculation method of external loads that arch support withstand is introduced briefly. On this basis, Taking the example as a study background, arch supports of roadway are designed by using calculation formula of this article, we design different programs, In addition, the different supporting programs are compared, results of the investigation provide some guidance to arch support in soft rock roadway.
(5) Arch supports are optimized in different conditions, we obtain the corresponding conclusions by finite element analysis, These conclusions have certain reference value for the design and engineering application of arch supports.In addition, we find the weak parts of arch supports in the supporting process through the finite element analyze the specific support; Based on the results, we can strengthen these weak parts in practice.
(1)分析了软岩巷道变形特征及破坏形式,针对目前软岩巷道中所采用的支护形式,得出拱形支架能够有效地支护软岩巷道。
(2)建立了拱形支架的计算模型,以荷载结构模型和力法原理为基础,对拱形支架进行了具体的力学分析,推导了拱形支架的水平反力。
(3)从合理拱轴线的角度对拱形支架的轮廓曲线进行了优化,通过理论推导得出:在承受不等压荷载的巷道中,巷道顶部的最佳形状为椭圆形;针对巷道顶部的最佳形状为椭圆形的情况,采用荷载结构模型,运用力法原理,推导了椭圆形支架构件的内力表达式,研究结果对支架的设计计算和工程应用具有一定的参考价值。
(4)简要介绍了作用在拱形支架上外荷载的计算方法,在此基础上,以算例为研究背景,运用本文推导出的内力计算公式对巷道拱形支架采用不同的方案进行了设计,并对不同的支护方案进行了比较,为软岩巷道中拱形支架支护提供了一定的指导意义。
(5)拟定不同的工况对巷道拱形支架支护进行了优化,通过有限元计算分析得出了相应的结论,该结论对于拱形支架的设计和工程应用具有一定参考价值。另外,为了确定支架在支护过程中的薄弱部位,利用有限元对特定的支架进行计算分析,以便在实际支护中,对这些薄弱部位进行加强。
With the increasing complexity of mining and the increase of mining depth,issue on soft rock roadway has become more prominent. Arch support has good contractible performance, large carrying capacity and other characteristics. Adopting arch support strut soft rock, arch support can be adapted to the large deformation properties of soft rock, achieve the purpose of“dealt with gently, allow the buffer pressure, stably supporting”, arch support is an effective way of soft rock roadway. In this article, arch support of soft rock mining is studied. The main work includes the following aspects:
(1)The soft rock deformation characteristics and failure modes are analyzed. Arch support can support soft rock effectively through analyzing the current support forms on soft rock roadway.
(2) The calculation model of arch support is established, and the concrete mechanical analysis on arch support is carried out basing on load-structural model and the power principle. The level reaction of arch support is derived.
(3) Contour curves of arch stent are optimized from the perspective of a reasonable arch axis, through theoretical analysis we know : In roadways which bear the pressure of not equal, the best shape on at the top of roadways is oval; For the situation, adopting load-structural model and the power principle, internal force expression of oval support is derived, results of the investigation have certain reference value for the design and engineering application of support.
(4) The calculation method of external loads that arch support withstand is introduced briefly. On this basis, Taking the example as a study background, arch supports of roadway are designed by using calculation formula of this article, we design different programs, In addition, the different supporting programs are compared, results of the investigation provide some guidance to arch support in soft rock roadway.
(5) Arch supports are optimized in different conditions, we obtain the corresponding conclusions by finite element analysis, These conclusions have certain reference value for the design and engineering application of arch supports.In addition, we find the weak parts of arch supports in the supporting process through the finite element analyze the specific support; Based on the results, we can strengthen these weak parts in practice.
引文
[1]关宝树,杨其新.地下工程概论.成都:西南交通大学出版社.2001.6
[2]柏建彪,王襄禹,贾明魁等.深部软岩巷道支护原理及应用[J].岩土工程学报,2008, 30(5):632-635.
[3]晏玉书.我国煤矿软岩巷道围岩控制技术现状及发展趋势[A].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1996:1～17
[4] Qian Qi-hu. The key Problems of deep underground space development[A].In: The Key Technical Problems of Base Research in Deep Underground Space Development the 230th Xiangshan Science Conference[C}.2004. (in Chinese)
[5]靖洪文,李元海,赵保太,许国安.软岩工程支护理论与技术.中国矿业大学出版社.
[6] He Man-chao. Current Condition for Mechanics of Soft Rock in China. Rock Engineering.The Korean Institute of Mining Energy Press,1996:425～433
[7]王襄禹.高应力软岩巷道有控卸压与蠕变控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008
[8]李学华,姚强岭,张农.软岩巷道破裂特征与分阶段分区域控制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2009,38(5):618-623.
[9] GAO Fu-qiang, KANG Hong-pu. Effect of pretensioned rock bolts on stress redistribution around a roadway-insight from numerical modeling [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2008, 18 (4):509-515.
[10]李桂臣,张农,王成,张念超,李宝玉.高地应力巷道断面形状优化数值模拟研究.中国矿业大学学报.2010年9月.
[11]苏林王.圆弧形钢管混凝土支架构件的承载力研究(硕士学位论文).安徽理工大学.
[12] (美)G.P.马霍特.美国用于深部矿井的拱形可缩性金属支架.矿压观测与软岩巷道支护.西安地图出版社.
[13] (英)B.N.惠特克等.巷道支架的设计和选择.矿压观测与软岩巷道支护.西安地图出版社.
[14] E.T.Brown.Putting the NATM into Perspective.Tunneis and Tunneling,Special Issue,1990
[15]王波.软岩巷道变形机理分析与钢管混凝土支架支护技术研究(硕士学位论文).中国矿业大学.
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[17] Diering J A C,Laubscher D. H Pratical approach to the numerical stress of mass mining operation[J]. Inst Min.&Metal,1987,14(1):17-21.
[18] Karanagh K,Clough R W. Finite element application in the characterization of elastic solids[J].Int.J Solids Structure,1971(7):23-25.
[19]付强,李晓云.软岩巷道支护理论研究与发展.矿业安全与环保.2007年4月.
[20]李大伟.深井与软岩巷道二次支护原理及控制技术.煤炭工业出版社.
[21] He Man-chao, Chen Yi-jin,Zhou Zheng-sheng. New Theory on Tunnel Stability Control within weak rock[G],Proceedings of the 7th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology.Rotlerdam A A Balkema Press,1994,4173-4180.
[22] He Man-chao.Constitutive relationship for plastic dilatancy due two weak intercalations in rockmasses[G]// Proceeding of the 26th Annual Conference of the Engineering Group of the Geological Society. Rotlerdam A A Balkema Press,1993, 243-249.
[23]梁国栋,惠长德,韩昌良,杜厚永.煤矿巷道金属支架的发展及应用.能源技术与管理.2010年第1期.
[24]何满潮,晏玉书,王同良,郑雨天,冯豫.软岩的概念及其分类.中国CSRM软岩工程专业委员会第二届学术大会论文集.
[25]范明建.浅谈煤矿软岩巷道支护技术.矿山巷道支护理论与技术.
[26]赵彬,王新民,谢盛青,张钦礼.软岩巷道变形机理及支护技术探讨.化工矿物与加工2008年第9期.
[27]何满潮,邹正盛,邹友峰.软岩巷道工程概论[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1993.
[28] Liu Baoshen. Mechanical models of fractured rock [J].Proceedings of the International Symposium on Week Rock,Tokyo,1981.
[29]薛顺勋,聂光国,姜光杰,刘银志等.软岩巷道支护技术指南.煤炭工业出版社.
[30]王海彦等.地下结构设计的荷载、模型、方法的确定.石家庄铁路职业技术学院报.2009
[31]张庆贺,朱合化等.地下工程.同济大学出版社.
[32]贺少辉,李兆平等.地下工程.北京交通大学出版社.
[33]吴能森.地下工程结构.武汉理工大学出版社.
[34]赵淑红.材料力学.化学工业出版社.
[35]曲娟,李淮.拱梯形金属支架的承载能力分析.煤矿机械,2004,(9).
[36]王国际,顿志林,白云峰,马耕.矿工钢梯形双向可缩性支架的受力分析与设计计算.焦作矿业学院学报.1992年第4期.
[37]伍永平.巷道支架设计与实验.陕西科学技术出版社.
[38]林继德等.结构力学.人民交通出版社.
[39]王小庆.拱形支架在煤矿巷道中的应用研究.中国安全生产科学技术,2011年第3期.
[40]王树理.地下建筑结构设计.清华大学出版社.
[41]徐干成,白洪才等.地下工程支护结构.中国水利水电出版社.
[42]朱永全,宋玉香.隧道工程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.8
[43]刘浩东.钢管混凝土拱架在地铁隧道中的应用研究(硕士学位论文).西安科技大学.
[44]孙钧,侯学渊.地下结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1987,2
[45]重庆建筑工程学院,同济大学等.岩石地下建筑结构.中国建筑工业出版社.
[46]赵根田,孙德发.钢结构.机械工业出版社.
[47]赵海锋,蒋迪.ANSYS8.0工程结构实例分析.北京:中国铁道出版社,2004
[48]邓凡平.ANSYS10.0自学手册.人民邮电出版社.
[49]李围.隧道及地下工程ANSYS实例分析.中国水利水电出版社.
[2]柏建彪,王襄禹,贾明魁等.深部软岩巷道支护原理及应用[J].岩土工程学报,2008, 30(5):632-635.
[3]晏玉书.我国煤矿软岩巷道围岩控制技术现状及发展趋势[A].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1996:1～17
[4] Qian Qi-hu. The key Problems of deep underground space development[A].In: The Key Technical Problems of Base Research in Deep Underground Space Development the 230th Xiangshan Science Conference[C}.2004. (in Chinese)
[5]靖洪文,李元海,赵保太,许国安.软岩工程支护理论与技术.中国矿业大学出版社.
[6] He Man-chao. Current Condition for Mechanics of Soft Rock in China. Rock Engineering.The Korean Institute of Mining Energy Press,1996:425～433
[7]王襄禹.高应力软岩巷道有控卸压与蠕变控制研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008
[8]李学华,姚强岭,张农.软岩巷道破裂特征与分阶段分区域控制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报, 2009,38(5):618-623.
[9] GAO Fu-qiang, KANG Hong-pu. Effect of pretensioned rock bolts on stress redistribution around a roadway-insight from numerical modeling [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2008, 18 (4):509-515.
[10]李桂臣,张农,王成,张念超,李宝玉.高地应力巷道断面形状优化数值模拟研究.中国矿业大学学报.2010年9月.
[11]苏林王.圆弧形钢管混凝土支架构件的承载力研究(硕士学位论文).安徽理工大学.
[12] (美)G.P.马霍特.美国用于深部矿井的拱形可缩性金属支架.矿压观测与软岩巷道支护.西安地图出版社.
[13] (英)B.N.惠特克等.巷道支架的设计和选择.矿压观测与软岩巷道支护.西安地图出版社.
[14] E.T.Brown.Putting the NATM into Perspective.Tunneis and Tunneling,Special Issue,1990
[15]王波.软岩巷道变形机理分析与钢管混凝土支架支护技术研究(硕士学位论文).中国矿业大学.
[16] Hoek E,Grabinsky M W,Diederich M S.Numerical modeling for underground excavation[J].Inst Min.&Metal.
[17] Diering J A C,Laubscher D. H Pratical approach to the numerical stress of mass mining operation[J]. Inst Min.&Metal,1987,14(1):17-21.
[18] Karanagh K,Clough R W. Finite element application in the characterization of elastic solids[J].Int.J Solids Structure,1971(7):23-25.
[19]付强,李晓云.软岩巷道支护理论研究与发展.矿业安全与环保.2007年4月.
[20]李大伟.深井与软岩巷道二次支护原理及控制技术.煤炭工业出版社.
[21] He Man-chao, Chen Yi-jin,Zhou Zheng-sheng. New Theory on Tunnel Stability Control within weak rock[G],Proceedings of the 7th International Congress International Association of Engineering Geology.Rotlerdam A A Balkema Press,1994,4173-4180.
[22] He Man-chao.Constitutive relationship for plastic dilatancy due two weak intercalations in rockmasses[G]// Proceeding of the 26th Annual Conference of the Engineering Group of the Geological Society. Rotlerdam A A Balkema Press,1993, 243-249.
[23]梁国栋,惠长德,韩昌良,杜厚永.煤矿巷道金属支架的发展及应用.能源技术与管理.2010年第1期.
[24]何满潮,晏玉书,王同良,郑雨天,冯豫.软岩的概念及其分类.中国CSRM软岩工程专业委员会第二届学术大会论文集.
[25]范明建.浅谈煤矿软岩巷道支护技术.矿山巷道支护理论与技术.
[26]赵彬,王新民,谢盛青,张钦礼.软岩巷道变形机理及支护技术探讨.化工矿物与加工2008年第9期.
[27]何满潮,邹正盛,邹友峰.软岩巷道工程概论[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1993.
[28] Liu Baoshen. Mechanical models of fractured rock [J].Proceedings of the International Symposium on Week Rock,Tokyo,1981.
[29]薛顺勋,聂光国,姜光杰,刘银志等.软岩巷道支护技术指南.煤炭工业出版社.
[30]王海彦等.地下结构设计的荷载、模型、方法的确定.石家庄铁路职业技术学院报.2009
[31]张庆贺,朱合化等.地下工程.同济大学出版社.
[32]贺少辉,李兆平等.地下工程.北京交通大学出版社.
[33]吴能森.地下工程结构.武汉理工大学出版社.
[34]赵淑红.材料力学.化学工业出版社.
[35]曲娟,李淮.拱梯形金属支架的承载能力分析.煤矿机械,2004,(9).
[36]王国际,顿志林,白云峰,马耕.矿工钢梯形双向可缩性支架的受力分析与设计计算.焦作矿业学院学报.1992年第4期.
[37]伍永平.巷道支架设计与实验.陕西科学技术出版社.
[38]林继德等.结构力学.人民交通出版社.
[39]王小庆.拱形支架在煤矿巷道中的应用研究.中国安全生产科学技术,2011年第3期.
[40]王树理.地下建筑结构设计.清华大学出版社.
[41]徐干成,白洪才等.地下工程支护结构.中国水利水电出版社.
[42]朱永全,宋玉香.隧道工程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007.8
[43]刘浩东.钢管混凝土拱架在地铁隧道中的应用研究(硕士学位论文).西安科技大学.
[44]孙钧,侯学渊.地下结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1987,2
[45]重庆建筑工程学院,同济大学等.岩石地下建筑结构.中国建筑工业出版社.
[46]赵根田,孙德发.钢结构.机械工业出版社.
[47]赵海锋,蒋迪.ANSYS8.0工程结构实例分析.北京:中国铁道出版社,2004
[48]邓凡平.ANSYS10.0自学手册.人民邮电出版社.
[49]李围.隧道及地下工程ANSYS实例分析.中国水利水电出版社.