武汉市测土配方施肥技术推广现状及对策研究
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摘要
2005年初的中央一号文件明确提出要将“测土配方施肥技术”作为科技入户工程的第一大技术在全国推广,并将该项技术的推广作为为农民办的十五件实事之一,达到提高肥料利用率,减少肥料资源浪费,减轻农业面源污染,保护生态环境,确保农业可持续发展的目的。测土配方施肥行动,受到社会的广泛关注。各地积极响应,行动迅速,通过广泛宣传发动,创办示范样板,不仅促进了农民施肥观念的转变,而且形成了一些推广测土配方施肥技术的好模式,实现了测土配方施肥行动的主要目标。测土配方施肥行动带动了农民施肥观念的转变。然而,测土配方施肥技术在实施与推广过程中也出现了很多问题,使得这项惠民工程进展缓慢,没有取得应有的效果。
在此背景下,本文对武汉市农田种植情况、施肥现状及武汉市测土配方施肥技术的实施与推广现状进行了详细调查,总结剖析了测土配方施肥技术推广中存在的问题,分“测土、配方、配肥、供应、施肥指导”五个技术环节逐条论述,并提出相应的对策及建议,旨在为测土配方施肥技术的顺利实施与推广提供依据。
本研究主要运用调查访谈法、因素分析法及文献法,内容分为五个部分:
第一部分,简要说明选题背景、研究目的及意义、国内外的研究现状,明确研究思路与内容,介绍本研究所运用的研究方法及数据来源。
第二部分,简述武汉市农田粮食、经济作物,特别是蔬菜的种植面积及施肥现状。
第三部分,详述测土配方施肥技术的涵义、内容,并对武汉市测土配方施肥技术的实施原则、采取的措施、推广的模式和效果做了详细论述。
第四部分,基于武汉市测土配方施肥技术推广模式,即“测土、配方、配肥、供应、施肥指导”,逐条论述五个技术环节中存在的问题。
第五部分,针对“测土、配方、配肥、供应、施肥指导”五个因素存在的问题,提出相应的解决办法。
At the beginning of 2005, it was proposed explicitly in the First Document of Central Government that the "Balanced Fertilization" must be the first important technology which should be promoted in the whole China, and this is considered as one of the fifteen projects for fanners, in order to improve the fertilizer's efficiency, reduce the waste of the fertilizer resources, protect the environment and keep the agriculture continuous developing. Balanced fertilization has been paid a lot of attention by the whole society. Every place has a quick response and takes action; with the widely advertising and setting up demonstration bases, it not only stimulates the changes of the farmers' conception, but also makes many good modes for promoting balanced fertilization, and achieves the main target of this project. Although this project helps the farmers to change their ideas, there are many problems which slow down the project's development and did not get the expected effect.
Under this background, this paper is to make a detailed survey on growing, fertilizer and the implementation for balanced fertilization technology, and analysis on the existing problems in this project. It analysis on five technical aspects "soil test, make formulas, produce formula fertilizers, supply and services", and propose the corresponding measures and the suggestions, by the way of providing some references for balanced fertilization's successfully carry out and promotion.
This research main uses investigation interview law, the factor analytic method and the literature law, the content divides into seven parts:
The first part, briefly explain topic choosing background , research goal, significance, domestic and foreign research situation, and definitely talk about the research steps and content, and introduce the research technique and the data origin which are used in this paper.
The second part, briefly introduce the area and fertilization presently of field grain, industrial crop, especially the vegetables in Wuhan.
The third part, detailed explain the balanced fertilization's technical implication, content, and the principle, measure, promoted pattern and the effect.
The fourth part, based on the pattern of Wuhan balanced fertilization, which is named "soil test, make formulas, produce formula fertilizers, supply and services", and elaborate the problems existing in the five technical parts one by one.
The fifth part, aims at "soil test, make formulas, produce formula fertilizers, supply and services" and propose the corresponding solution.
在此背景下,本文对武汉市农田种植情况、施肥现状及武汉市测土配方施肥技术的实施与推广现状进行了详细调查,总结剖析了测土配方施肥技术推广中存在的问题,分“测土、配方、配肥、供应、施肥指导”五个技术环节逐条论述,并提出相应的对策及建议,旨在为测土配方施肥技术的顺利实施与推广提供依据。
本研究主要运用调查访谈法、因素分析法及文献法,内容分为五个部分:
第一部分,简要说明选题背景、研究目的及意义、国内外的研究现状,明确研究思路与内容,介绍本研究所运用的研究方法及数据来源。
第二部分,简述武汉市农田粮食、经济作物,特别是蔬菜的种植面积及施肥现状。
第三部分,详述测土配方施肥技术的涵义、内容,并对武汉市测土配方施肥技术的实施原则、采取的措施、推广的模式和效果做了详细论述。
第四部分,基于武汉市测土配方施肥技术推广模式,即“测土、配方、配肥、供应、施肥指导”,逐条论述五个技术环节中存在的问题。
第五部分,针对“测土、配方、配肥、供应、施肥指导”五个因素存在的问题,提出相应的解决办法。
At the beginning of 2005, it was proposed explicitly in the First Document of Central Government that the "Balanced Fertilization" must be the first important technology which should be promoted in the whole China, and this is considered as one of the fifteen projects for fanners, in order to improve the fertilizer's efficiency, reduce the waste of the fertilizer resources, protect the environment and keep the agriculture continuous developing. Balanced fertilization has been paid a lot of attention by the whole society. Every place has a quick response and takes action; with the widely advertising and setting up demonstration bases, it not only stimulates the changes of the farmers' conception, but also makes many good modes for promoting balanced fertilization, and achieves the main target of this project. Although this project helps the farmers to change their ideas, there are many problems which slow down the project's development and did not get the expected effect.
Under this background, this paper is to make a detailed survey on growing, fertilizer and the implementation for balanced fertilization technology, and analysis on the existing problems in this project. It analysis on five technical aspects "soil test, make formulas, produce formula fertilizers, supply and services", and propose the corresponding measures and the suggestions, by the way of providing some references for balanced fertilization's successfully carry out and promotion.
This research main uses investigation interview law, the factor analytic method and the literature law, the content divides into seven parts:
The first part, briefly explain topic choosing background , research goal, significance, domestic and foreign research situation, and definitely talk about the research steps and content, and introduce the research technique and the data origin which are used in this paper.
The second part, briefly introduce the area and fertilization presently of field grain, industrial crop, especially the vegetables in Wuhan.
The third part, detailed explain the balanced fertilization's technical implication, content, and the principle, measure, promoted pattern and the effect.
The fourth part, based on the pattern of Wuhan balanced fertilization, which is named "soil test, make formulas, produce formula fertilizers, supply and services", and elaborate the problems existing in the five technical parts one by one.
The fifth part, aims at "soil test, make formulas, produce formula fertilizers, supply and services" and propose the corresponding solution.
引文
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