全尺寸钻井井底压力模拟装置的研究
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摘要
本文研究论述的全尺寸钻井井底压力模拟装置，是我国第一台模拟井深6000米压力环境的全尺寸钻井模拟试验装置。建立该装置的目的就是解决钻井现场试验只能测得多种工艺参数的综合效果、井下地层参数还不能随钻直接测定和控制的不足。因此，该试验装置的成功研究为我国石油钻井，特别是对深井开展深层次的基础理论和应用技术的研究，提供了模拟和试验手段。本文在对井底岩石的受力状态以及钻头的工作环境和特性加以分析的基础上，借助原有的井架、平台等设备，研究设计了模拟6000米井底压力坏境的高压模拟井筒、钻柱高压转联器、钻井液高压模拟系统以及高压除砂器等机械装置，并研究了井底四维模拟压力(上覆压、围压、孔隙压和液柱压)的产生、控制及其控制的建模与仿真，从而实现井深至6000米的四维井底压力环境的模拟。此外，文中还对整个装置的调试、性能测试和验证的过程及结果进行了描述。
本文给出的一些结论、曲线及公式，不仅有一定的学术价值，而且对现场工程施工具有重要的指导作用。
第一章在概述全尺寸钻井井底压力模拟试验装置的基本组成、功能及模拟试验工艺流程的基础上，阐述了国内外同类课题研究的发展现状和研究该课题的现实意义。
第二章分析探讨了井底岩石的受力状态以及钻头的工作环境，并依此研究分析了建立该模拟压力环境的机械装置—高压模拟井筒和钻柱高压转联器。
第三章为模拟实际钻井的液柱压力，并为整个模拟钻井装置提供超高压循环钻井液，在借鉴了钻井现场的钻井液循环系统经验的基础上分析研究了钻井液高压循环系统，并配套设计了高压除砂器，以达到净化该系统中钻井液的要求。
第四章分析了建立四维压力的关键部件—伺服溢流阀的静态工况，经过对控制规律研究，实现了可编程控制器PLC与计算机联合控制。
第五章在建立四维井底压力控制系统数学模型的基础上，采用Matlab提供的仿真工具—Simulink，对系统频域特性、时域特性进行了分析，并获得该系统的频域特性曲线、阶跃时间响应曲线等，最终给出仿真结论。
第六章在前述分析研究的基础上，通过对模拟装置的系统调试及性能测试，验证了全尺寸钻井模拟装置的实用性，在钻井模拟条件下对岩石的机械性质、牙轮钻头动态测试给予了具体的分析阐述，同时还分析探讨了
井底压差对油田勘探开发的影 Illb，并且为宋深 101井的实际施工作业提供
了非常有价值的指导参数。
本文内容涉及到钻井、机械、电液伺服控制、流体力学、自动控制等
各5。人的进论和相关技术，为国内t，’i井等行业的同类装置提供了有益经验
和可供借鉴成果，其关键技术的突破，对相关领域的理论、工艺、技术的
发展具有积极推动作用和应用价值。
This paper presents the study of the full scale drilling simulating test device under the condition of bottom hole pressures. This device is the first one in China hich can simulate the bottom hole pressures in 6000m deep well. We set up this device to overcome the shortcomings that the drilling wellsite test can only obtain the synthetical effect of different technical parameters, and the stratigraphic parameters can be not determined and controlled while drilling. So the successful study of this device will supply the means of the simulating test for the petroleum drilling of our country, especially in the further study of basic theory and applying technology in deep wells. On the basis of analyzing the rock mechanics, the bit working circumstance and property in the bottom hole of 6000m deep well, and making use of the former equipment such as a derrick, platforms etc, the paper demonstrates that the research and design of the mechanical device have been established including the high pressure simulating well bore, the high pressure connector between the static well bore and the rotating drill pipe, the high pressure simulating system of circulating fluid and the high pressure desander etc. The produce, control and dynamic analysis of the bottom hole four-dimensional pressure (over burden, confined, pore and column pressure ) have been studied. As a result the simulating in the circumstance of the four-dimensional bottom pressure has been achieved. In addition, the paper describes the process and result of the debugging and the performance test.
Several conclusions, curves and formulas in this paper not only have some academic value, but also have some guidance on field engineering construction.
In chapter one, the basic composition, function and simulating press of the full scale drilling simulating test device have been generalized. Furthermore, the current research results in domestic and international of the similar problem and its practical significance have been illustrated.
In chapter two, the rock mechanics and the bit working circumstance in the bottom hole of 6000m deep well have been discussed. On the basis of which the high pressure simulating well bore and the high pressure connector between the static well bore and rotating drill pipe have been designed.
In chapter three, in order to simulate the actual drilling fluid column pressure and to supply the extreme high pressure drilling circulating fluid for the device, the high pressure circulating fluid simulating system has been designed based on the experience of drilling fluid circulating system in the wellside. To purify the drilling fluid, the high pressure desander has been designed.
Chapter four analyzes the static working state of the servo-overflow valve that is the key spare part of setting up four-dimensional pressure. By studying the control law, joint control has been realized between PLC and computer.
In chapter five, on the basis of setting up a set of math models of four-dimensional pressure control system, and making use of copying tool-
Simulink supplied by Matlab, the frequency and time field specific property has been analyzed, and several curves of frequency and time field specific property in the systemhas been obtained. As a result, some modelled conclusions have been acquired.
In chapter six, based on the preceding chapters' research, the practicality
of the full scale dr i 11 ing simulating test device has been tested by the debugging and the performance test. Under simulating drilling conditions, the rock
mechanical properties and the bits' dynamical tests are analyzed and set forth
specifically. At the same time the effect of bottom pressure difference on the oil field exploration and development has been discussed. Some valuable parameters have been supplied for SongshenlOl well during the actual operations. The paper includes the theories and technologies that related with drilling, machinery, fluid mechanics and automatization, etc. The solutions for these problems not only provide beneficial e
本文给出的一些结论、曲线及公式，不仅有一定的学术价值，而且对现场工程施工具有重要的指导作用。
第一章在概述全尺寸钻井井底压力模拟试验装置的基本组成、功能及模拟试验工艺流程的基础上，阐述了国内外同类课题研究的发展现状和研究该课题的现实意义。
第二章分析探讨了井底岩石的受力状态以及钻头的工作环境，并依此研究分析了建立该模拟压力环境的机械装置—高压模拟井筒和钻柱高压转联器。
第三章为模拟实际钻井的液柱压力，并为整个模拟钻井装置提供超高压循环钻井液，在借鉴了钻井现场的钻井液循环系统经验的基础上分析研究了钻井液高压循环系统，并配套设计了高压除砂器，以达到净化该系统中钻井液的要求。
第四章分析了建立四维压力的关键部件—伺服溢流阀的静态工况，经过对控制规律研究，实现了可编程控制器PLC与计算机联合控制。
第五章在建立四维井底压力控制系统数学模型的基础上，采用Matlab提供的仿真工具—Simulink，对系统频域特性、时域特性进行了分析，并获得该系统的频域特性曲线、阶跃时间响应曲线等，最终给出仿真结论。
第六章在前述分析研究的基础上，通过对模拟装置的系统调试及性能测试，验证了全尺寸钻井模拟装置的实用性，在钻井模拟条件下对岩石的机械性质、牙轮钻头动态测试给予了具体的分析阐述，同时还分析探讨了
井底压差对油田勘探开发的影 Illb，并且为宋深 101井的实际施工作业提供
了非常有价值的指导参数。
本文内容涉及到钻井、机械、电液伺服控制、流体力学、自动控制等
各5。人的进论和相关技术，为国内t，’i井等行业的同类装置提供了有益经验
和可供借鉴成果，其关键技术的突破，对相关领域的理论、工艺、技术的
发展具有积极推动作用和应用价值。
This paper presents the study of the full scale drilling simulating test device under the condition of bottom hole pressures. This device is the first one in China hich can simulate the bottom hole pressures in 6000m deep well. We set up this device to overcome the shortcomings that the drilling wellsite test can only obtain the synthetical effect of different technical parameters, and the stratigraphic parameters can be not determined and controlled while drilling. So the successful study of this device will supply the means of the simulating test for the petroleum drilling of our country, especially in the further study of basic theory and applying technology in deep wells. On the basis of analyzing the rock mechanics, the bit working circumstance and property in the bottom hole of 6000m deep well, and making use of the former equipment such as a derrick, platforms etc, the paper demonstrates that the research and design of the mechanical device have been established including the high pressure simulating well bore, the high pressure connector between the static well bore and the rotating drill pipe, the high pressure simulating system of circulating fluid and the high pressure desander etc. The produce, control and dynamic analysis of the bottom hole four-dimensional pressure (over burden, confined, pore and column pressure ) have been studied. As a result the simulating in the circumstance of the four-dimensional bottom pressure has been achieved. In addition, the paper describes the process and result of the debugging and the performance test.
Several conclusions, curves and formulas in this paper not only have some academic value, but also have some guidance on field engineering construction.
In chapter one, the basic composition, function and simulating press of the full scale drilling simulating test device have been generalized. Furthermore, the current research results in domestic and international of the similar problem and its practical significance have been illustrated.
In chapter two, the rock mechanics and the bit working circumstance in the bottom hole of 6000m deep well have been discussed. On the basis of which the high pressure simulating well bore and the high pressure connector between the static well bore and rotating drill pipe have been designed.
In chapter three, in order to simulate the actual drilling fluid column pressure and to supply the extreme high pressure drilling circulating fluid for the device, the high pressure circulating fluid simulating system has been designed based on the experience of drilling fluid circulating system in the wellside. To purify the drilling fluid, the high pressure desander has been designed.
Chapter four analyzes the static working state of the servo-overflow valve that is the key spare part of setting up four-dimensional pressure. By studying the control law, joint control has been realized between PLC and computer.
In chapter five, on the basis of setting up a set of math models of four-dimensional pressure control system, and making use of copying tool-
Simulink supplied by Matlab, the frequency and time field specific property has been analyzed, and several curves of frequency and time field specific property in the systemhas been obtained. As a result, some modelled conclusions have been acquired.
In chapter six, based on the preceding chapters' research, the practicality
of the full scale dr i 11 ing simulating test device has been tested by the debugging and the performance test. Under simulating drilling conditions, the rock
mechanical properties and the bits' dynamical tests are analyzed and set forth
specifically. At the same time the effect of bottom pressure difference on the oil field exploration and development has been discussed. Some valuable parameters have been supplied for SongshenlOl well during the actual operations. The paper includes the theories and technologies that related with drilling, machinery, fluid mechanics and automatization, etc. The solutions for these problems not only provide beneficial e
引文
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[02] 柴勤忠、王祖相《钻头实验架数据采集装置》——华东石油学院，1991
[03] 赵国珍、龚伟安，钻井力学基础，北京，石油工业出版社，1988—02
[04] 刘希圣，钻井工艺原理，北京，石油工业出版社，1988—09
[05] 成大先等，机械设计手册，化学工业出版社，1993
[06] 《国外石油工业水平调查：钻井工艺专辑》——石油工业钻采工艺科技情报协作组1985年10月
[07] 周全兴，压差对钻速影响的探讨，石油钻采工艺，1998年第2期，P55—66
[08] 周海涛、周玉海，压差对PDC钻头钻速影响规律研究，石油钻采工艺，1996年，第2期，P31—34
[09] 王春行，液压伺服控制系统，北京，机械工业出版社，1989—06
[10] 李士勇等，模糊控制和智能控制理论与应用，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1990—12
[11] 胡寿松，自动控制原理，国防工业出版社，1990—10
[12] 孙增崎，计算机控制原理及应用，清华大学出版社，1995
[13] GB150—89钢制压力容器国家标准，学苑出版社，1989
[14] 董景新、赵长德，控制工程基础，清华大学出版社，1996—12
[15] 韩九强，MATLAB高级语言及其在控制系统中的应用，西安交通大学出版社，1997
[16] 熊光愣，控制系统数字仿真，清华大学出版社，1982
[17] 仇慎谦，PID调节规律和过程控制，江苏科学技术出版社，1997
[18] 贾铭新，液压传动与控制，哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1991
[19] 李福义，液压技术与液压伺服系统，哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1992
[20] 江瑞芳、陈东义，连续系统仿真及应用技术，重庆大学出版社出版，1991
[21] K．J．奥斯特洛姆、B．威特马克著，王晓陵、陈朗、朱克定、李殿璞译，计算机控制系统，哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1987
[22] 金以惠主编，方崇智审校，过程控制，清华大学出版社，1993
[23] 陶永华、尹怡欣，新型PID控制及其应用，机械工业出版社，1998
[24] 王新安，液压伺服控制的新发展，机床与液压，1999(1)
[25] 张奕水，液压系统的发展现状与面临的挑战，液压与气动，1999(1)
[26] 钟庆昌，控制系统SIMULINK仿真研究，电气自动化，1999(3)
[27] 甘俊英，基于MA7LAB的控制系统校正环节优化设计，电气自动化，1999(1)
[28] 陈佳实、欧阳玲，微机控制与微机自适应控制，电子工业出版社，1987
[29] 施仁、刘文江，自动化仪表与过程控制，电子工业出版社，1990
[30] 沈裕康，自动控制基础，西安电子科技大学出版社，1995
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[33] 金慰刚，自动控制原理，天津科学技术出版社，1994
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[02] 柴勤忠、王祖相《钻头实验架数据采集装置》——华东石油学院，1991
[03] 赵国珍、龚伟安，钻井力学基础，北京，石油工业出版社，1988—02
[04] 刘希圣，钻井工艺原理，北京，石油工业出版社，1988—09
[05] 成大先等，机械设计手册，化学工业出版社，1993
[06] 《国外石油工业水平调查：钻井工艺专辑》——石油工业钻采工艺科技情报协作组1985年10月
[07] 周全兴，压差对钻速影响的探讨，石油钻采工艺，1998年第2期，P55—66
[08] 周海涛、周玉海，压差对PDC钻头钻速影响规律研究，石油钻采工艺，1996年，第2期，P31—34
[09] 王春行，液压伺服控制系统，北京，机械工业出版社，1989—06
[10] 李士勇等，模糊控制和智能控制理论与应用，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，1990—12
[11] 胡寿松，自动控制原理，国防工业出版社，1990—10
[12] 孙增崎，计算机控制原理及应用，清华大学出版社，1995
[13] GB150—89钢制压力容器国家标准，学苑出版社，1989
[14] 董景新、赵长德，控制工程基础，清华大学出版社，1996—12
[15] 韩九强，MATLAB高级语言及其在控制系统中的应用，西安交通大学出版社，1997
[16] 熊光愣，控制系统数字仿真，清华大学出版社，1982
[17] 仇慎谦，PID调节规律和过程控制，江苏科学技术出版社，1997
[18] 贾铭新，液压传动与控制，哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1991
[19] 李福义，液压技术与液压伺服系统，哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1992
[20] 江瑞芳、陈东义，连续系统仿真及应用技术，重庆大学出版社出版，1991
[21] K．J．奥斯特洛姆、B．威特马克著，王晓陵、陈朗、朱克定、李殿璞译，计算机控制系统，哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社，1987
[22] 金以惠主编，方崇智审校，过程控制，清华大学出版社，1993
[23] 陶永华、尹怡欣，新型PID控制及其应用，机械工业出版社，1998
[24] 王新安，液压伺服控制的新发展，机床与液压，1999(1)
[25] 张奕水，液压系统的发展现状与面临的挑战，液压与气动，1999(1)
[26] 钟庆昌，控制系统SIMULINK仿真研究，电气自动化，1999(3)
[27] 甘俊英，基于MA7LAB的控制系统校正环节优化设计，电气自动化，1999(1)
[28] 陈佳实、欧阳玲，微机控制与微机自适应控制，电子工业出版社，1987
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