随钻地震数据处理系统软件体系结构研究
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摘要
随着对资源开发的需求,新的资源勘探方法也不断出现,随钻地震技术作为近几年新出现的一种井间地震勘探技术,在国外迅速发展起来。随钻地震技术是地震勘探技术与石油钻井工程相结合的产物,主要为钻井工程服务。它利用钻井过程中钻头破岩产生的振动噪声为震源进行地震勘探,属于无源地震的范畴。它具有采集、处理、解释均能做到实时性；观测方式灵活；生产成本低、风险小；地震资料分辨率高等特点,对并提高钻井成功率、制定保护油气层和油藏描述工作有重要价值。
国外随钻地震技术已日趋成熟,并逐步实现了现场应用。他们垄断了这项技术,严重限制了随钻地震技术在我国的发展与应用。经过几年的探索研究,我国已在随钻地震理论和方法上已经取得了重大进展,为了形成配套技术和设备,进一步发展、推广该项技术,开发具有自主知识产权的随钻地震数据处理软件具有重要意义。
随钻地震数据处理软件系统是一个复杂的系统,必须采用总体设计分步实施的策略。因此,构建良好的软件开发与应用平台是最重要的环节。本文结合随钻地震特点,在现有研究成果的基础上,提出了随钻地震资料处理集成平台体系结构,依次针对框架内的数据存储和服务层、应用服务层、执行控制层和用户界面层等每层的主要功能进行了界定和说明；并对数据管理、数据访问、资料处理、数据可视化等随钻地震资料处理的关键技术进行了研究,改进数据访问机制,有效提高了海量数据的处理速度和二维可视化速度；实现了基于SwD软件体系结构的随钻地震资料处理的系统,验证了SwD软件体系结构的可行性。主要研究内容包括：
(1)根据随钻地震技术特点,分析随钻地震资料处理软件系统需求,提出基于构件技术的层次式体系结构,该结构符合国际石油技术开放标准协会对石油工业上游软件开发的要求,具有良好的适应性和扩展性。
(2)针对地震勘探数据管理中存在的数据类型复杂、数据量大、管理形式单一等问题,提出随钻地震数据存储、管理模式。以数据库方式存储结构化数据,以文件方式存储非结构化数据,定义了适合于随钻地震数据的数据库内容以及随钻地震数据文件格式,并给出存储优化方案。
(3)针对微机环境下传统文件I/O方式对大数据文件处理效率低的问题,改进了传统文件访问机制,采用文件索引和内映射文件相结合方式,实现对大数据文件的快速访问；由于具有多种原始数据格式,采用了一种可升级、可扩展的数据转换格式设计,实现不同数据格式间的灵活转换。有效地提高了大数据文件访问效率。
(4)分析随钻地震资料处理的应用需求,研究随钻地震数据处理方法和可视化技术,对实际数据资料进行处理、显示,获得良好的处理效果。设计了批处理过程特有的作业流程,对非数据处理专业的用户具有重要指导作用。
(5)实现了基于分层体系结构的随钻地震资料处理软件系统。该系统操作简单,数据处理速度快,集资料处理、数据管理、可视化于一体,既满足常规室内资料处理的需求,也适用于钻井现场的实时处理,对现场监控钻探过程,及时调整施工方案具有重要意义。
With the increasing requirement of resource exploitation, new resource-exploring methods keep occurring. Seismic While Drilling (SWD), as a new borehole seismic technique proposed recently, now is developing rapidly abroad. SWD is the combination of seismic exploration technology and Petroleum Drilling Engineering to be applied for Drilling Engineering, whose source signal is from the noise produced by the vibration of rock-breaking drill bit, so it belongs to passive seismology. This new technology can carry out data acquisition, processing and interpretation in real-time and has flexibility in observation, with low cost of production, low risk but high resolution with regard to seismic data. Improvement of the drilling success rate is also one of its obvious advantages and it can help in protecting the hydrocarbon reservoir and reservoir description.
In some foreign countries, SWD has been well developed and used in field application gradually. This technique is restricted in China because of their monopoly. After several years of exploration and research, China has obtained great development on its theory and method which is significant for the study of relative techniques and equipments, and its further development and extension, as well as for the design of procession software with independent intellectual property rights.
SWD data processing software is so complex that principle of general design, step by step implementation is necessary. The key link is a proper structure of software developing and applying platform. Combining with the characteristics of SWD and on the basis of present achievements, this thesis proposes the SWD data processing integrated platform architecture. The main functions of each layer in the framework, e.g. data storage and service, application service, executive control and user interface, are defined and explained respectively. Key techniques like data management, data access, data processing, data visualization and execution and control of operations have been researched and achieved in the software. Then the original system of SWD data processing based on SWD architecture is designed and its feasibility is verified. The main research contents include:
(1) Based on the characteristics of SWD technique and analysis of the demand of data processing system of SWD, a hierarchical architecture based on component technology is put forward, which meets the requirements of Petrotechnical Open Standards Consortium (POSC) to the development of oil industry software, with nice adaptability and expansibility.
(2) Because there are several problems in the seismic data management, for example the data have complicated types and great capacity but the management form is single, the SWD data storage and management modes are proposed. The structural data is stored in database and the unstructured in files. Database design, as well as file layout of SWD data, is defined and the relative storage optimization scheme is offered.
(3) With respect to the problem that the conventional file I/O has low processing efficiency for large data files, the traditional file access mechanism is improved, adopting the combination of file access and File Mapping, achieving the rapid access to the large data file. Because there are many original data formats, a scalable and extensible design of data format conversion is introduced, realizing the flexible conversion between different formats and increasing the efficiency of accessing the large data file.
(4) Analyze the application demands of SWD data processing. Research the SWD data processing method and visualization technology. Actual data are processed and displayed, and the result is good, then the pre-drilling prediction is made. Design a special operation procedure for batch processing, which can guide the non-professional users.
(5)SWD data processing architecture based on hierarchical architecture is implemented. This system operation is easy and the data can be quickly processed. Data processing, management and visualization, the three functions are contained. It not only meets the requirement of conventional interior data processing, but also can be used for real-time processing in the field of drilling, so this software is significant for site monitoring the drilling process and timely adjusting construction schemes.
The purpose of this thesis is to design a steady, reliable, easily maintainable and extensible architecture of SWD data processing system, and then the feasibility of this design is verified.
国外随钻地震技术已日趋成熟,并逐步实现了现场应用。他们垄断了这项技术,严重限制了随钻地震技术在我国的发展与应用。经过几年的探索研究,我国已在随钻地震理论和方法上已经取得了重大进展,为了形成配套技术和设备,进一步发展、推广该项技术,开发具有自主知识产权的随钻地震数据处理软件具有重要意义。
随钻地震数据处理软件系统是一个复杂的系统,必须采用总体设计分步实施的策略。因此,构建良好的软件开发与应用平台是最重要的环节。本文结合随钻地震特点,在现有研究成果的基础上,提出了随钻地震资料处理集成平台体系结构,依次针对框架内的数据存储和服务层、应用服务层、执行控制层和用户界面层等每层的主要功能进行了界定和说明；并对数据管理、数据访问、资料处理、数据可视化等随钻地震资料处理的关键技术进行了研究,改进数据访问机制,有效提高了海量数据的处理速度和二维可视化速度；实现了基于SwD软件体系结构的随钻地震资料处理的系统,验证了SwD软件体系结构的可行性。主要研究内容包括：
(1)根据随钻地震技术特点,分析随钻地震资料处理软件系统需求,提出基于构件技术的层次式体系结构,该结构符合国际石油技术开放标准协会对石油工业上游软件开发的要求,具有良好的适应性和扩展性。
(2)针对地震勘探数据管理中存在的数据类型复杂、数据量大、管理形式单一等问题,提出随钻地震数据存储、管理模式。以数据库方式存储结构化数据,以文件方式存储非结构化数据,定义了适合于随钻地震数据的数据库内容以及随钻地震数据文件格式,并给出存储优化方案。
(3)针对微机环境下传统文件I/O方式对大数据文件处理效率低的问题,改进了传统文件访问机制,采用文件索引和内映射文件相结合方式,实现对大数据文件的快速访问；由于具有多种原始数据格式,采用了一种可升级、可扩展的数据转换格式设计,实现不同数据格式间的灵活转换。有效地提高了大数据文件访问效率。
(4)分析随钻地震资料处理的应用需求,研究随钻地震数据处理方法和可视化技术,对实际数据资料进行处理、显示,获得良好的处理效果。设计了批处理过程特有的作业流程,对非数据处理专业的用户具有重要指导作用。
(5)实现了基于分层体系结构的随钻地震资料处理软件系统。该系统操作简单,数据处理速度快,集资料处理、数据管理、可视化于一体,既满足常规室内资料处理的需求,也适用于钻井现场的实时处理,对现场监控钻探过程,及时调整施工方案具有重要意义。
With the increasing requirement of resource exploitation, new resource-exploring methods keep occurring. Seismic While Drilling (SWD), as a new borehole seismic technique proposed recently, now is developing rapidly abroad. SWD is the combination of seismic exploration technology and Petroleum Drilling Engineering to be applied for Drilling Engineering, whose source signal is from the noise produced by the vibration of rock-breaking drill bit, so it belongs to passive seismology. This new technology can carry out data acquisition, processing and interpretation in real-time and has flexibility in observation, with low cost of production, low risk but high resolution with regard to seismic data. Improvement of the drilling success rate is also one of its obvious advantages and it can help in protecting the hydrocarbon reservoir and reservoir description.
In some foreign countries, SWD has been well developed and used in field application gradually. This technique is restricted in China because of their monopoly. After several years of exploration and research, China has obtained great development on its theory and method which is significant for the study of relative techniques and equipments, and its further development and extension, as well as for the design of procession software with independent intellectual property rights.
SWD data processing software is so complex that principle of general design, step by step implementation is necessary. The key link is a proper structure of software developing and applying platform. Combining with the characteristics of SWD and on the basis of present achievements, this thesis proposes the SWD data processing integrated platform architecture. The main functions of each layer in the framework, e.g. data storage and service, application service, executive control and user interface, are defined and explained respectively. Key techniques like data management, data access, data processing, data visualization and execution and control of operations have been researched and achieved in the software. Then the original system of SWD data processing based on SWD architecture is designed and its feasibility is verified. The main research contents include:
(1) Based on the characteristics of SWD technique and analysis of the demand of data processing system of SWD, a hierarchical architecture based on component technology is put forward, which meets the requirements of Petrotechnical Open Standards Consortium (POSC) to the development of oil industry software, with nice adaptability and expansibility.
(2) Because there are several problems in the seismic data management, for example the data have complicated types and great capacity but the management form is single, the SWD data storage and management modes are proposed. The structural data is stored in database and the unstructured in files. Database design, as well as file layout of SWD data, is defined and the relative storage optimization scheme is offered.
(3) With respect to the problem that the conventional file I/O has low processing efficiency for large data files, the traditional file access mechanism is improved, adopting the combination of file access and File Mapping, achieving the rapid access to the large data file. Because there are many original data formats, a scalable and extensible design of data format conversion is introduced, realizing the flexible conversion between different formats and increasing the efficiency of accessing the large data file.
(4) Analyze the application demands of SWD data processing. Research the SWD data processing method and visualization technology. Actual data are processed and displayed, and the result is good, then the pre-drilling prediction is made. Design a special operation procedure for batch processing, which can guide the non-professional users.
(5)SWD data processing architecture based on hierarchical architecture is implemented. This system operation is easy and the data can be quickly processed. Data processing, management and visualization, the three functions are contained. It not only meets the requirement of conventional interior data processing, but also can be used for real-time processing in the field of drilling, so this software is significant for site monitoring the drilling process and timely adjusting construction schemes.
The purpose of this thesis is to design a steady, reliable, easily maintainable and extensible architecture of SWD data processing system, and then the feasibility of this design is verified.
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