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非开挖导向钻进铺管技术的理论研究与计算机应用
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摘要
随着我国经济建设进入了持续快速发展期,城市基础设施建设的投入明显加大,各类无法采用开挖法铺设管线的工程日益增多,因此非开挖技术的应用有着广阔的市场前景,潜力巨大。
     非开挖技术是先进的科学技术与社会需求相结合的实用型新技术。推广、普及这项技术,加快相关企业的专业化、规模化,将会促使非开挖技术业的发展、壮大。这一新兴行业将在我国二十一世纪的国民经济建设发展中发挥巨大作用。
     非开挖导向钻进铺管技术就是指通过各种导向仪控制钻机钻进的技术手段,在地表不开挖或少开挖的条件下进行铺设各种地下管线的施工新技术。
     本文针对当前非开挖导向钻进基础理论研究滞后于工程实践的现实,在详细分析工艺原理和研究现状的基础上,通过一系列计算,得出较为合理的导向钻进最重要的参数——回拖力的计算公式。所得的计算公式考虑影响因素合理,有较好的准确性,符合现场实际,为钻机选型提供了重要力学依据。
     根据目前导向钻进施工设备选择缺乏成熟的、规范的标准,在许多情况下仍然依靠经验的实际情况,采用现代的人工智能技术——基于范例推理的方法来解决这一问题。
     基于以上两方面的研究,在对国内外现有导向钻机设备和导向钻进铺管工程的研究与整理的基础上,开发出了“导向钻进设备优选系统”,对导向钻进施工具有指导意义。
     本文在正确分析了导向钻进中钻杆的受力状态的基础上,进行了钻杆应力计算,提出了工程计算方法。本文推导的钻杆应力及钻杆强度校核的新公式,具有重要的理论意义和实际意义。
     利用能量方法研究了压力和扭矩共同作用下钻杆的弯曲问题,着重研究了扭矩对钻杆弯曲的影响,理论分析发现,轴向载荷,钻孔顶角和扭矩是影响钻杆弯曲的重要因素。在综合考虑钻杆状况、钻孔状况、钻进过程参数的影响基础上,对拉力和扭矩共同作用下的钻杆模型进行理论计算,得到钻杆拉力一扭矩微分方程组,以利于钻杆受力的进一步分析。
     采用当前最先进的大型SUPER SAP有限元结构分析程序对钻杆的模型进行了数值计算,得到的钻杆整体应力状态的模拟显示清楚地反映了钻杆在不同工作状态下的各种应力分布特征,同时也使钻杆的应力状态达到了可视化,使人们可以深入了解钻杆应力状态信息,以便不断的改进钻杆的设计以满足实际工程的需要。
Along with the economic construction of our country has been entered one fast development continuously, input of building of infrastructure is obviously strengthened , while all kinds of project of laying pipeline not to adopt excavate technique increase day by day , trenchless technology have wide market prospects, potentiality is enormous.
    Trenchless technology is a practical new technology that the advanced science and technology is combined with social demand. Popularize and popularize this technology, accelerate specialization scale of the relevant enterprise, will impel the development and growth of the trenchless technology industry. This new and developing trade will play a great role while developping in the national economic construction in the 21st century of our country.
    Technology of laying pipeline by guiding drilling of trenchless technology mean a new technological method to control and guide rig to creep into through various kinds of guiding apparatus, lay all kinds of different underground pipelines under the condition of not excavated or excavating few in the earth's surface.
    This paper aim at guiding drilling basic theoretical research lag behind on reality that project practice at present, on the basis of analysing the technology and principle and researching current situation in detail, through a series of calculation draw the comparatively rational formula of guiding drilling's the most important parameter -pull. It is rational for the gained calculation formula to consider influencing the factor, there is better accuracy, accord with on-the-spot reality, it offer the important mechanics basis for selecting type of the rig.
    According to the actual conditions that normal standard of selecting guiding drilling's rig at present lack and still depend on experience in many situations, adopt the modern artificial intelligence technology -Case-Based reasoning to solve this problem.
    On the basis of front research and summing-up guiding drilling's rigs and projects of laying pipeline nation and abroad, develop" guiding drilling's rig optimum seeking system", it provides directive significance for guiding drilling construction.
    This paper, on the basis of analyzing accurately guiding drilling rod receiving strength state, stresses are calculated, has put forward the computing technology of project. The new formula that drilling rod stress and intensity of drilling rod checked that this paper derived, have important theory meaning and actual meaning.
    Utilize energy method to research crook problem of drilling rod under pressure and act on together, having studied the crooked influence to the drilling rod of torsion emphatically, the theory analyses found that Axial load, hole vertex angle and torque are important factors of influence drilling rod crook. In consider drilling rod state, hole state, creep into course influence foundation of parameter synthetically, the drilling rod
    model under acting on the pulling force and torsion together carries on the theory to calculate, receive drilling
    rod pulling force and torsion differential equation group, in order to benefit drilling rod strength further to analyse.
    Adopt at present most advanced large-scale SUPER SAP finite element structure analyse procedure to go on numerical value calculation for model of drilling rod, drilling rod whole stress simulation of state that receive show and reflect drilling rod various kinds of stresses under different working states distribute the characteristic clearly, make stress state of drilling rod reach visual, make people able to understand informations of drilling rod of stress status in depth too at the same time, so that the design of the improvement drilling rod constantly is in order to meet the demands of actual project.
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