岩溶地区公路桥梁深水桩基础施工技术研究
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摘要
近几十年来，我国在桥梁深水基础理论及施工实践上有了很大的发展。自从武汉长江大桥工程中摈弃了过去一直沿用的气压沉箱，首次采用了钢板桩围堰管柱基础以来，1985年建成的九江长江大桥基础独创性地采用双壁钢沉井围堰钻孔桩基础，钢围堰在桥梁基础施工中的应用越来越多。钢围堰这种结构型式，制造及拼装都很方便，施工速度快，质量好，因此国内多座桥梁的深水基础相继采用了这一结构形式。例如湖北鄂黄大桥6#墩施工系列技术问题的处理，以及荆沙大桥2#主塔、温州大桥主塔、武汉白沙洲大桥3#主塔、淇澳大桥主塔等基础施工。
国外的在深水基础上的主要动向也十分明确，即向基础结构的大型化及整体化、施工工艺的工厂预制化及现场施工机械化的方向发展。其主要目的是在施工条件恶劣的桥址处即可能地减少水上施工工作量和作业时间，提高工程质量并缩短工期。
本文通过对岩溶地区公路桥梁深水桩基础施工的地质特征分析，研究了深水桩基施工程序，提出了在岩溶地质条件下先下钢围堰后施工钻孔桩和先成桩后施工钢围堰的两种施工方案，并对两方案的优缺点进行了分析比较。同时，本文详细探讨了岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩施工技术，特别是对其成孔工艺、钢筋工程、混凝土工程等进行了重点分析，并提出了针对其常见质量事故的处理方法。
本文结合实际工程，详细分析了钢围堰的构造、锚锭系统的布设、锚缆的计算、钢围堰的制作及组拼、钢围堰的接高与下沉、水下混凝土封底等围堰施工的重要内容；并对常用的钢套箱施工技术进行了讨论。
最后，基于岩溶地区桥梁深水桩基施工理论，结合鄂黄大桥的工程实践，阐述其工程应用。
Last several decades, the theory and construction of our bridge deep water foundation have been developed rapidly. Since the air pressure sink-box technology was abandoned, and the steel-plate peg round the barrage pipe peg foundation was adopted at first time in the Wuhan Changjiang bridge project, the steel round the barrage has been adopted in bridge foundation construction more and more. Especially after the double wall steel sink well round the barrage bore peg foundation was creatively adopted in Jiujiang Changjiang bridge foundation, which was built in 1985. The characters of the steel round the barrage are: very convenient in producing and section, fast in construction and in good quality. So, it has been adopted in many bridge's deep water foundation in our country. For example, the technical problem of the Hubei E'huang bridge 6# podium's in construction, the foundation of Jing-sha bridge 2# main tower, Wen-zhou bridge main tower, Wu-han Bai sha-zhou bridge 3# main tower, and Qi-ao bridge main tower, etc.
In overseas, the main trend of is very clear. The construction of foundation, it is that the directions of development are full-length, integrant, preliminary of factory's and mechanization in. Placed foundation's main function is decreasing load and working time, improving project quality and abbreviating time in the bridges whose condition is very bad.
In this thesis, the main geological condition is in the cliff dissolve area. At first, I analyses the geological characters, and studies the procedure of the construction of deep water pile foundation of the highway bridges. Then I put forward two programs of the construction in this condition: one is the construction of the steel round the barrage before the bore peg's, the other is on the contrary, and compare the shortcomings and the advantages of those. In the mean time, I discusses the technology of drill-grouting pile foundation, especially in the technology of drilling works, steel works and concrete works, etc. At last, I put forward the methods in dealing with the common accidents.
Combining theory with practice, in this thesis, I analyses the content of the construction of steel round the barrage. Such as, the structure of steel round the barrage, the arrangement of mooring, the calculation of mooring chain, the manufacture and assembling of steel round the barrage, the moving up connection and sinking of it, confining the bottom of underwater concrete. After this, I inquire into the technology of
the construction of steel caisson.
At last, based on the theory of the construction of deep water pile foundation, and linking it with practice of E'huang bridge, I set forth it's application.
国外的在深水基础上的主要动向也十分明确，即向基础结构的大型化及整体化、施工工艺的工厂预制化及现场施工机械化的方向发展。其主要目的是在施工条件恶劣的桥址处即可能地减少水上施工工作量和作业时间，提高工程质量并缩短工期。
本文通过对岩溶地区公路桥梁深水桩基础施工的地质特征分析，研究了深水桩基施工程序，提出了在岩溶地质条件下先下钢围堰后施工钻孔桩和先成桩后施工钢围堰的两种施工方案，并对两方案的优缺点进行了分析比较。同时，本文详细探讨了岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩施工技术，特别是对其成孔工艺、钢筋工程、混凝土工程等进行了重点分析，并提出了针对其常见质量事故的处理方法。
本文结合实际工程，详细分析了钢围堰的构造、锚锭系统的布设、锚缆的计算、钢围堰的制作及组拼、钢围堰的接高与下沉、水下混凝土封底等围堰施工的重要内容；并对常用的钢套箱施工技术进行了讨论。
最后，基于岩溶地区桥梁深水桩基施工理论，结合鄂黄大桥的工程实践，阐述其工程应用。
Last several decades, the theory and construction of our bridge deep water foundation have been developed rapidly. Since the air pressure sink-box technology was abandoned, and the steel-plate peg round the barrage pipe peg foundation was adopted at first time in the Wuhan Changjiang bridge project, the steel round the barrage has been adopted in bridge foundation construction more and more. Especially after the double wall steel sink well round the barrage bore peg foundation was creatively adopted in Jiujiang Changjiang bridge foundation, which was built in 1985. The characters of the steel round the barrage are: very convenient in producing and section, fast in construction and in good quality. So, it has been adopted in many bridge's deep water foundation in our country. For example, the technical problem of the Hubei E'huang bridge 6# podium's in construction, the foundation of Jing-sha bridge 2# main tower, Wen-zhou bridge main tower, Wu-han Bai sha-zhou bridge 3# main tower, and Qi-ao bridge main tower, etc.
In overseas, the main trend of is very clear. The construction of foundation, it is that the directions of development are full-length, integrant, preliminary of factory's and mechanization in. Placed foundation's main function is decreasing load and working time, improving project quality and abbreviating time in the bridges whose condition is very bad.
In this thesis, the main geological condition is in the cliff dissolve area. At first, I analyses the geological characters, and studies the procedure of the construction of deep water pile foundation of the highway bridges. Then I put forward two programs of the construction in this condition: one is the construction of the steel round the barrage before the bore peg's, the other is on the contrary, and compare the shortcomings and the advantages of those. In the mean time, I discusses the technology of drill-grouting pile foundation, especially in the technology of drilling works, steel works and concrete works, etc. At last, I put forward the methods in dealing with the common accidents.
Combining theory with practice, in this thesis, I analyses the content of the construction of steel round the barrage. Such as, the structure of steel round the barrage, the arrangement of mooring, the calculation of mooring chain, the manufacture and assembling of steel round the barrage, the moving up connection and sinking of it, confining the bottom of underwater concrete. After this, I inquire into the technology of
the construction of steel caisson.
At last, based on the theory of the construction of deep water pile foundation, and linking it with practice of E'huang bridge, I set forth it's application.
引文
[1] 范立础《桥梁工程》．(上、下册)1993年
[2] 凌治平《基础工程》．1995年
[3] 郑兆毅《桥梁基础施工／桥梁施工简编之一》．西南交通大学出版社．1988．6
[4] 邬晓光 俞向东《桥梁施工技术》．西安：西北工业大学出版社．1993
[5] 黄绳武《桥梁施工及组织管理》．人民交通出版社．1992．12
[6] 基础工程施工手册编写组《基础工程施工手册》．北京：中国计划出版社．1996
[7] 杨文渊、徐奔《桥梁施工工程师手册》．人民交通出版社．1997．7
[8] 交通部电视中专教材编审委员会．《公路桥梁施工与养护》．人民交通出版社．1999．7
[9] 苏寅生《桥梁施工及组织管理／上册》．人民交通出版社．1999．1
[10] 向中富《桥梁施工控制技术》．人民交通出版社．2001
[11] 洪光《桥涵基础施工》．中国铁道出版社．1981
[12] 秦惠明、叶正清《深基础施工实例》．中国建筑工业出版社．1992．1
[13] 江正荣《地基与基础施工手册》．中国建筑工业出版社．1997．7
[14] 交通部第一航务工程局．《港口工程施工手册》(上、下)．人民交通出版社
[15] 姚刚《土木工程施工技术》．人民交通出版社．2000．4
[16] 左明福．温州瓯江二桥北航道桥主塔基础施工技术综述．《重庆交通学院学报》
[17] 左明福．黄石长江公路大桥主墩施工新技术．《水运工程》．1994(10)
[18] 陈明宪．郑夏初等．铜陵和长江公路大桥深水基础施工特点．《桥梁建设》．1995(1)
[19] 袁仝洲．李伟等．武汉长江二桥双壁钢围堰钻孔桩施工．《桥梁建设》．1995(3)
[20] 章履远．郑锦华等．水上大直径钻孔灌注桩施工新技术．《建筑施工》．1994(4)
[21] 吕元林．大跨度公路桥梁深水基础施工方案比较．《水运工程》．2001年4月
[22] 周一桥．桥梁深水基础的新动向．《公路交通技术》．
[23] 陈光福．特大桥水下桩基承台施工技术．《河港工程》．2001年第二期
[24] 伍思其．岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩施工钻机选型．《河港工程》．2000年第三期
[25] 吴全科．新技术和新工艺在肇庆大桥主桥溶洞大直径桩基施工中的应用．《中国港湾建设》．2001年2月第一期
[26] 王为凯．钻孔灌注桩事故的预防和处理．《石家庄铁道学院学报》．2001年9月
[27] Clearwater Selects Signature Bridge Design 《Better roads》. 2000,70(11).-30-3
[28] Mohamed Emam Abd E1-Razek and Ismail M. Basha Constructability Improvement of Bridges Using Stepping Formwork. 《Journal of construction engineering and management》美国
[29] J. Rolf Olsen, Peter A. Beling Dynamic Models for Floodplain Management《Journal of water
resources planning and management》.美国
[30] Kuprenas, John A.; Madjidi, Farzin; Vidaurrazaga, Alex; Lim, Chen L. Seismic Retrofit Program for Los Angeles bridges.《Journal of Infrastructure Systems》.美国
[31] Isohata, Hiroshi; Hanzawa, Yoshio. Bridge construction technology and the Western influence inmodem Japan.《Engineering Structures》.英国
[32] Wagner, Reiner. Wetterfester Stahl im Brueckenbau am Mittellandkanal Weather resistant steel in bridge construction at the Mittelland Canal. 《Stahlbau》.德国
[33] Hampson, Keith; Fischer, Martin;; Structural Designs and Construction Technologies for California Highway Bridges. Journal of construction engineering and management美国
[34] Cabrita Neves, I.; Branco, F. A Effects of Formwork Fires in Bridge Construction. 《Concrete International》美国
[35] Gee, Anthony F. Reinforcement Tolerances in Bridge Construction. 《Concrete International》.
[36] Clifford L. Frevermuth Ten Years of Segmental Achievements and Projections for the Next Century. 《PCI journal/Prestressed Concrete Institute》.美国
[37] Tamer E. El-Diraby and James T. O'Connor Model for Evaluating Bridge Construction Plans. 《Journal of construction engineering and management》.美国
[38] Greig A.; Rivas S.; Blaclanan S.; Tizani W. Welding Automation in Space-Frame Bridge Construction.《Computer-aided civil and infrastructure engineering》.美国
[39] Tatsumi M. et al. Vibration of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Ibld
[40] Korino S. et al. Design and construction of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Ibld
[41] Kawaguchi K. et al. Construction of the Kurishima Bridge,Ibld
[42] Gimsing Nj. Ed. East Bridge, The Storebaelt Publications, Kobenhavn: A/s Storebaelt for bindelsen. 1998
[2] 凌治平《基础工程》．1995年
[3] 郑兆毅《桥梁基础施工／桥梁施工简编之一》．西南交通大学出版社．1988．6
[4] 邬晓光 俞向东《桥梁施工技术》．西安：西北工业大学出版社．1993
[5] 黄绳武《桥梁施工及组织管理》．人民交通出版社．1992．12
[6] 基础工程施工手册编写组《基础工程施工手册》．北京：中国计划出版社．1996
[7] 杨文渊、徐奔《桥梁施工工程师手册》．人民交通出版社．1997．7
[8] 交通部电视中专教材编审委员会．《公路桥梁施工与养护》．人民交通出版社．1999．7
[9] 苏寅生《桥梁施工及组织管理／上册》．人民交通出版社．1999．1
[10] 向中富《桥梁施工控制技术》．人民交通出版社．2001
[11] 洪光《桥涵基础施工》．中国铁道出版社．1981
[12] 秦惠明、叶正清《深基础施工实例》．中国建筑工业出版社．1992．1
[13] 江正荣《地基与基础施工手册》．中国建筑工业出版社．1997．7
[14] 交通部第一航务工程局．《港口工程施工手册》(上、下)．人民交通出版社
[15] 姚刚《土木工程施工技术》．人民交通出版社．2000．4
[16] 左明福．温州瓯江二桥北航道桥主塔基础施工技术综述．《重庆交通学院学报》
[17] 左明福．黄石长江公路大桥主墩施工新技术．《水运工程》．1994(10)
[18] 陈明宪．郑夏初等．铜陵和长江公路大桥深水基础施工特点．《桥梁建设》．1995(1)
[19] 袁仝洲．李伟等．武汉长江二桥双壁钢围堰钻孔桩施工．《桥梁建设》．1995(3)
[20] 章履远．郑锦华等．水上大直径钻孔灌注桩施工新技术．《建筑施工》．1994(4)
[21] 吕元林．大跨度公路桥梁深水基础施工方案比较．《水运工程》．2001年4月
[22] 周一桥．桥梁深水基础的新动向．《公路交通技术》．
[23] 陈光福．特大桥水下桩基承台施工技术．《河港工程》．2001年第二期
[24] 伍思其．岩溶地区钻孔灌注桩施工钻机选型．《河港工程》．2000年第三期
[25] 吴全科．新技术和新工艺在肇庆大桥主桥溶洞大直径桩基施工中的应用．《中国港湾建设》．2001年2月第一期
[26] 王为凯．钻孔灌注桩事故的预防和处理．《石家庄铁道学院学报》．2001年9月
[27] Clearwater Selects Signature Bridge Design 《Better roads》. 2000,70(11).-30-3
[28] Mohamed Emam Abd E1-Razek and Ismail M. Basha Constructability Improvement of Bridges Using Stepping Formwork. 《Journal of construction engineering and management》美国
[29] J. Rolf Olsen, Peter A. Beling Dynamic Models for Floodplain Management《Journal of water
resources planning and management》.美国
[30] Kuprenas, John A.; Madjidi, Farzin; Vidaurrazaga, Alex; Lim, Chen L. Seismic Retrofit Program for Los Angeles bridges.《Journal of Infrastructure Systems》.美国
[31] Isohata, Hiroshi; Hanzawa, Yoshio. Bridge construction technology and the Western influence inmodem Japan.《Engineering Structures》.英国
[32] Wagner, Reiner. Wetterfester Stahl im Brueckenbau am Mittellandkanal Weather resistant steel in bridge construction at the Mittelland Canal. 《Stahlbau》.德国
[33] Hampson, Keith; Fischer, Martin;; Structural Designs and Construction Technologies for California Highway Bridges. Journal of construction engineering and management美国
[34] Cabrita Neves, I.; Branco, F. A Effects of Formwork Fires in Bridge Construction. 《Concrete International》美国
[35] Gee, Anthony F. Reinforcement Tolerances in Bridge Construction. 《Concrete International》.
[36] Clifford L. Frevermuth Ten Years of Segmental Achievements and Projections for the Next Century. 《PCI journal/Prestressed Concrete Institute》.美国
[37] Tamer E. El-Diraby and James T. O'Connor Model for Evaluating Bridge Construction Plans. 《Journal of construction engineering and management》.美国
[38] Greig A.; Rivas S.; Blaclanan S.; Tizani W. Welding Automation in Space-Frame Bridge Construction.《Computer-aided civil and infrastructure engineering》.美国
[39] Tatsumi M. et al. Vibration of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Ibld
[40] Korino S. et al. Design and construction of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Ibld
[41] Kawaguchi K. et al. Construction of the Kurishima Bridge,Ibld
[42] Gimsing Nj. Ed. East Bridge, The Storebaelt Publications, Kobenhavn: A/s Storebaelt for bindelsen. 1998