电能质量监测系统厂站装置的研究
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摘要
我国电能质量国家标准主要规定了五个指标—频率、谐波、电压
偏差、电压三相不平衡及电压波动与闪变。本论文的目标就是研制能
实时监测上述五项电能质量指标的数字式装置，它是电能质量监测系
统的厂站装置，负责为远方监控中心提供现场监测结果。
本文选用FFT来计算电压偏差、三相不平衡度和谐波含量。频
率的测量选用过零点检测法。
在国内还没有很好的电压波动与闪变的数字处理方法。本文的一
项重要工作就是依据IEC标准和电压波动与闪变国家标准，在对电压
波动与闪变仿真的基础上研究电压波动与闪变测量的数字化实现方
法，仿真结果表明所提方法能很好地满足IEC所提的精度要求。
在硬件系统设计上，选用ISA总线的工控机结构。为解决谐波
测量和闪变测量在采样频率和计算周期上的矛盾，采用主从式CPU
结构。为减小FFT分析过程中出现的频谱泄漏现象，硬件电路设计
上采用了锁相环倍频技术，可以实现每周波128点同步采样。工控机
还自带有液晶、硬盘、面模键盘等必要的辅助设备，可以实现监测结
果的就地显示、存盘等功能。作为电能质量监测系统的厂站装置，还
设置了通信端口，可以将厂站装置的测量结果上传到远方监测中心。
根据所选定的电能质量测量方法和硬件电路结构，用Visual
C++6.0编写了实现上述目标的软件代码。
Abstract
Five items, with frequency, harmonics, voltage deviation and voltage fluctuation and flicker respectively, are included in the state standards of energy quality. The main work of this paper is to study a new digital device according to these standards, which is the remote terminal of the supervisory and measuring system of energy quality.
FFT is used to get the basic characteristic value, such as the amplitude and phasor of the harmonics. Once the amplitude and phase is attained, three of the five items of state energy quality including harmonics, voltage deviation and three-phase unbalance, is derived. Zero-crossing algorithm is used to get the system frequency. To avoiding the disadvantageous influence of distorting waveform to the zero-crossing point, filter around working frequency is added.
The analog system of the IEC flickermeter is simulated. Then the algorithm of digital system is studied and the digital design result is presented subsequently. Simulation result proved that the algorithm and method presented to be correct and acceptable. This makes it possible to continue the supervisory and measuring device.
Hardware is designed with a system of industrial controlling structure. Structure of ISA bus and two CPU is adopted. The two CPU’s task is allocated as following: the auxiliary CPU only performs the task of flicker-measuring and frequency-measuring, and the main CPU performs the evaluation of harmonics and other tasks such as saving result. Another disadvantage of DFT or FFT is the leakage of frequency spectrum when synchronous sampling is not satisfied. To avoid this, synchronous sampling method is adopted which is composed with a phase-locking ioop and frequency-multiplying circuit.
Finally, the software corresponding to the above algorithm is developed, which can implement the design aims such as evaluating displaying and saving.
偏差、电压三相不平衡及电压波动与闪变。本论文的目标就是研制能
实时监测上述五项电能质量指标的数字式装置，它是电能质量监测系
统的厂站装置，负责为远方监控中心提供现场监测结果。
本文选用FFT来计算电压偏差、三相不平衡度和谐波含量。频
率的测量选用过零点检测法。
在国内还没有很好的电压波动与闪变的数字处理方法。本文的一
项重要工作就是依据IEC标准和电压波动与闪变国家标准，在对电压
波动与闪变仿真的基础上研究电压波动与闪变测量的数字化实现方
法，仿真结果表明所提方法能很好地满足IEC所提的精度要求。
在硬件系统设计上，选用ISA总线的工控机结构。为解决谐波
测量和闪变测量在采样频率和计算周期上的矛盾，采用主从式CPU
结构。为减小FFT分析过程中出现的频谱泄漏现象，硬件电路设计
上采用了锁相环倍频技术，可以实现每周波128点同步采样。工控机
还自带有液晶、硬盘、面模键盘等必要的辅助设备，可以实现监测结
果的就地显示、存盘等功能。作为电能质量监测系统的厂站装置，还
设置了通信端口，可以将厂站装置的测量结果上传到远方监测中心。
根据所选定的电能质量测量方法和硬件电路结构，用Visual
C++6.0编写了实现上述目标的软件代码。
Abstract
Five items, with frequency, harmonics, voltage deviation and voltage fluctuation and flicker respectively, are included in the state standards of energy quality. The main work of this paper is to study a new digital device according to these standards, which is the remote terminal of the supervisory and measuring system of energy quality.
FFT is used to get the basic characteristic value, such as the amplitude and phasor of the harmonics. Once the amplitude and phase is attained, three of the five items of state energy quality including harmonics, voltage deviation and three-phase unbalance, is derived. Zero-crossing algorithm is used to get the system frequency. To avoiding the disadvantageous influence of distorting waveform to the zero-crossing point, filter around working frequency is added.
The analog system of the IEC flickermeter is simulated. Then the algorithm of digital system is studied and the digital design result is presented subsequently. Simulation result proved that the algorithm and method presented to be correct and acceptable. This makes it possible to continue the supervisory and measuring device.
Hardware is designed with a system of industrial controlling structure. Structure of ISA bus and two CPU is adopted. The two CPU’s task is allocated as following: the auxiliary CPU only performs the task of flicker-measuring and frequency-measuring, and the main CPU performs the evaluation of harmonics and other tasks such as saving result. Another disadvantage of DFT or FFT is the leakage of frequency spectrum when synchronous sampling is not satisfied. To avoid this, synchronous sampling method is adopted which is composed with a phase-locking ioop and frequency-multiplying circuit.
Finally, the software corresponding to the above algorithm is developed, which can implement the design aims such as evaluating displaying and saving.
引文
[1]1995年第13届国际供电会议论文集，中国电机工程学会城市供电专业委员会，1995
[2]1997年第14届国际供电会议论文集，中国电机工程学会城市供电专业委员会，1997
[3]1999年第15届国际供电会议论文集，中国电机工程学会城市供电专业委员会，1999
[4]G. T. Heydt, Electric Power Quality，1991
[5]肖湘宁、徐永海、刘连光 供电系统电能质量，华北电力大学(北京)，2000．8
[6]电能质量·电力系统频率允许偏差(GB/T 15945-1995)
[7]电能质量·公用电网谐波(GB/T 14549-93)
[8]电能质量·供电电压允许偏差(GB/T 12325-90)
[9]电能质量·三相电压允许不平衡度(GBFF 15543-1995)
[10]电能质量·电压允许波动与闪变(GB/T 12326-2000)
[11]D. Daniel Sabin, Thomas E. Grebe, Ashok Sundaram, 第13届国际供电会议论文集，2—132，1995
[12]电能质量的全过程监测和预防检修，许遐、王惠仁，华北电力技术，2000．2
[13]电能质量·电压允许波动与闪变(GB/T12326-90)
[14]刘连光，肖湘宁等，城网电能质量与实时监测系统的研究，供用电，1999．NO3
[15]吕润馀 电力系统高次谐波，中国电力出版社，1998．5
[16]王兆安等，谐波抑制和无功功率补偿，机械工业出版社，1998．9
[17]林海学，孙树勤，电力网中的谐波，中国电力出版社，1998．4
[18]于海生，锁相同步采样谐波测量方法及其实现，电测与仪表，1999．2
[19]王世一 数字信号处理，北京理工大学出版社，1995．10
[20]张圣训，数字信号处理，浙江大学出版社，1989．9
[21]蔡邠 电力系统频率 水利电力出版社 1995
[22]谢小荣，韩英铎 电力系统频率测量综述，电力系统自动化 1999．2
[23]A. G. Phadke, J. S. Thorp, M. G. Adamiak A New Adaptive Measurement Technique for Tracking Phasors, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol.PAS-102, No.5, May1983
[24]Gabriel Benmouyal, An Adaptive Sampling-interval Generator for Digital Relaying, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.4, No.3, July 1989
[25]何奔腾，李菊 电力系统频率的自适应测量，电力系统自动化学报，1991．12
[26]林海雪 电力系统的三相不平衡，中国电力出版社，1998．5
[27]勤电压波动与闪变，中国电力出版社，1999．6
[28]IEC 61000-4-15, Flickermeter-Functional and design specifications, 1997.11
[29]IEC 1000-3-7, Assessment of emission limits for fluctuating loads in MV and HV power systems-Basic EMC publication, 1996.10
[30]IEC 61000-3-3, Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current≤16A, 1994.12
[31]IEC 61000-3-5, Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current greater than 16A, 1994.12
[32]付卫，新型数字闪变仪的研制，清华大学硕士学位论文，1992年
[33]张志涌等 掌握和精通MATLAB，北京航空航天大学出版社，1997．8
[34]楼顺天，李博菡 基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计一信号处理，西安电子科技大学，1998．9
[40]Chuck Sphur著，前导工作室译 Visual C++6学习指南
[41]谭浩强等，C语言程序设计教程，高等教育出版社，1998．7
[42]胡汉才，单片机原理及其接口技术，清华大学出版社，1996．7
[43]马宝甫等，微机应用系统可靠性设计理论和实践，电子工业出版社，1999．2
[44]马维新 电力系统电压，中国电力出版社，1998．4
[2]1997年第14届国际供电会议论文集，中国电机工程学会城市供电专业委员会，1997
[3]1999年第15届国际供电会议论文集，中国电机工程学会城市供电专业委员会，1999
[4]G. T. Heydt, Electric Power Quality，1991
[5]肖湘宁、徐永海、刘连光 供电系统电能质量，华北电力大学(北京)，2000．8
[6]电能质量·电力系统频率允许偏差(GB/T 15945-1995)
[7]电能质量·公用电网谐波(GB/T 14549-93)
[8]电能质量·供电电压允许偏差(GB/T 12325-90)
[9]电能质量·三相电压允许不平衡度(GBFF 15543-1995)
[10]电能质量·电压允许波动与闪变(GB/T 12326-2000)
[11]D. Daniel Sabin, Thomas E. Grebe, Ashok Sundaram, 第13届国际供电会议论文集，2—132，1995
[12]电能质量的全过程监测和预防检修，许遐、王惠仁，华北电力技术，2000．2
[13]电能质量·电压允许波动与闪变(GB/T12326-90)
[14]刘连光，肖湘宁等，城网电能质量与实时监测系统的研究，供用电，1999．NO3
[15]吕润馀 电力系统高次谐波，中国电力出版社，1998．5
[16]王兆安等，谐波抑制和无功功率补偿，机械工业出版社，1998．9
[17]林海学，孙树勤，电力网中的谐波，中国电力出版社，1998．4
[18]于海生，锁相同步采样谐波测量方法及其实现，电测与仪表，1999．2
[19]王世一 数字信号处理，北京理工大学出版社，1995．10
[20]张圣训，数字信号处理，浙江大学出版社，1989．9
[21]蔡邠 电力系统频率 水利电力出版社 1995
[22]谢小荣，韩英铎 电力系统频率测量综述，电力系统自动化 1999．2
[23]A. G. Phadke, J. S. Thorp, M. G. Adamiak A New Adaptive Measurement Technique for Tracking Phasors, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol.PAS-102, No.5, May1983
[24]Gabriel Benmouyal, An Adaptive Sampling-interval Generator for Digital Relaying, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol.4, No.3, July 1989
[25]何奔腾，李菊 电力系统频率的自适应测量，电力系统自动化学报，1991．12
[26]林海雪 电力系统的三相不平衡，中国电力出版社，1998．5
[27]勤电压波动与闪变，中国电力出版社，1999．6
[28]IEC 61000-4-15, Flickermeter-Functional and design specifications, 1997.11
[29]IEC 1000-3-7, Assessment of emission limits for fluctuating loads in MV and HV power systems-Basic EMC publication, 1996.10
[30]IEC 61000-3-3, Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current≤16A, 1994.12
[31]IEC 61000-3-5, Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltage supply systems for equipment with rated current greater than 16A, 1994.12
[32]付卫，新型数字闪变仪的研制，清华大学硕士学位论文，1992年
[33]张志涌等 掌握和精通MATLAB，北京航空航天大学出版社，1997．8
[34]楼顺天，李博菡 基于MATLAB的系统分析与设计一信号处理，西安电子科技大学，1998．9
[40]Chuck Sphur著，前导工作室译 Visual C++6学习指南
[41]谭浩强等，C语言程序设计教程，高等教育出版社，1998．7
[42]胡汉才，单片机原理及其接口技术，清华大学出版社，1996．7
[43]马宝甫等，微机应用系统可靠性设计理论和实践，电子工业出版社，1999．2
[44]马维新 电力系统电压，中国电力出版社，1998．4
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