新型三进制多电平功率放大器的研究
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摘要
电力系统仿真是工程师和研究人员研究电力系统各种物理现象
的有效方法，一般而言，电力系统仿真可分为数字仿真、物理仿真
和数字模拟混合式仿真。
在电力系统混合仿真系统中，当数字模型需要模拟输出时，都
需要功率放大器。专门制作的线性功率放大器价格极其昂贵，D类
功率放大器输出谐波含量较高，死区问题引起的波形失真较大。在
本论文中，研制了一种新型三进制多电平功率放大器。
三进制多电平功率放大器就是采用多电平技术，通常是采用多
级直流电压合成阶梯电压波，去逼近所需的电压波形。理论上，随
着直流电压级数的增多，合成的阶梯电压波接近正弦波，从而减少
谐波；因为采用的是开关器件，其效率较高；又因为其结构特点，
控制较简单，常用于较高电压较大功率场合。
本文在详细分析多电平变换器拓扑结构的基础上，提出了三进
制多电平功率放大器的拓扑结构，并推导了三进制多电平功率放大
器的数学模型，提出了基于SHE技术的控制策略，并详细分析了这
种控制策略的数学模型、计算方法、迭代初值的选取和控制实现方
法。
在论文工作中，研制了一台以PHILIPS单片机80C552为控制
核心的单相三级三进制多电平功率放大器的实验装置，来检验文中
的分析结论，并设计了通过硬件引入死区时间的电路。
Power system simulation is one of the most important methods for
engineers to study the different phenomena in the system. There are three
kinds of simulation methods, the physical system simulation methods, the
numerical system simulation methods and the hybrid system simulation
methods.
In the hybrid power system simulator when the numerical parts need
analog outputs, the power amplifier is one of the indispensably necessary
parts. However, the linear power amplifier specially made is prohibiting
expensive. The class D amplifier’s output include plenty of harmonics
and the dead-time cause distortion of output waveform. In this paper, a
new triple multilevel power amplifier is proposed to replace the linear
and class D amplifiers.
The new triple multilevel power amplifier adopts multilevel theory.
The general structure of the multilevel power amplifier is to synthesize a
sinusoidal voltage from several levels of voltages, typically obtained from
capacitor voltage sources. As the number of levels increases, the
synthesized output waveform adds more steps, producing a staircase
wave which approaches the sinusoidal wave with minimum harmonic
distortion in theory. Ultimately, a zero harmonic distortion of the output
wave can be obtained by an infinite number of levels. More levels also
mean higher voltages and power can be obtained.
In this paper, a detailed description of the topology of triple
multilevel power amplifier and its math model is deduced. We give a new
control strategy: A optimal control with SHE (Selective Harmonic
Elimination) by using a general storage method. Its math model,
calculation and the selection of initial values are analyzed.
A prototype triple multilevel amplifier which employs 80C552
single chip as the core of the controller has been built to test our theory.
的有效方法，一般而言，电力系统仿真可分为数字仿真、物理仿真
和数字模拟混合式仿真。
在电力系统混合仿真系统中，当数字模型需要模拟输出时，都
需要功率放大器。专门制作的线性功率放大器价格极其昂贵，D类
功率放大器输出谐波含量较高，死区问题引起的波形失真较大。在
本论文中，研制了一种新型三进制多电平功率放大器。
三进制多电平功率放大器就是采用多电平技术，通常是采用多
级直流电压合成阶梯电压波，去逼近所需的电压波形。理论上，随
着直流电压级数的增多，合成的阶梯电压波接近正弦波，从而减少
谐波；因为采用的是开关器件，其效率较高；又因为其结构特点，
控制较简单，常用于较高电压较大功率场合。
本文在详细分析多电平变换器拓扑结构的基础上，提出了三进
制多电平功率放大器的拓扑结构，并推导了三进制多电平功率放大
器的数学模型，提出了基于SHE技术的控制策略，并详细分析了这
种控制策略的数学模型、计算方法、迭代初值的选取和控制实现方
法。
在论文工作中，研制了一台以PHILIPS单片机80C552为控制
核心的单相三级三进制多电平功率放大器的实验装置，来检验文中
的分析结论，并设计了通过硬件引入死区时间的电路。
Power system simulation is one of the most important methods for
engineers to study the different phenomena in the system. There are three
kinds of simulation methods, the physical system simulation methods, the
numerical system simulation methods and the hybrid system simulation
methods.
In the hybrid power system simulator when the numerical parts need
analog outputs, the power amplifier is one of the indispensably necessary
parts. However, the linear power amplifier specially made is prohibiting
expensive. The class D amplifier’s output include plenty of harmonics
and the dead-time cause distortion of output waveform. In this paper, a
new triple multilevel power amplifier is proposed to replace the linear
and class D amplifiers.
The new triple multilevel power amplifier adopts multilevel theory.
The general structure of the multilevel power amplifier is to synthesize a
sinusoidal voltage from several levels of voltages, typically obtained from
capacitor voltage sources. As the number of levels increases, the
synthesized output waveform adds more steps, producing a staircase
wave which approaches the sinusoidal wave with minimum harmonic
distortion in theory. Ultimately, a zero harmonic distortion of the output
wave can be obtained by an infinite number of levels. More levels also
mean higher voltages and power can be obtained.
In this paper, a detailed description of the topology of triple
multilevel power amplifier and its math model is deduced. We give a new
control strategy: A optimal control with SHE (Selective Harmonic
Elimination) by using a general storage method. Its math model,
calculation and the selection of initial values are analyzed.
A prototype triple multilevel amplifier which employs 80C552
single chip as the core of the controller has been built to test our theory.
引文
[1]黄家裕、陈礼义、孔德昌 电力系统数字仿真 水利电力出版社 1995
[2]唐世林 电站计算机仿真技术 科学出版社 1996
[3]徐治邦 集成电路音响放大器 新时代出版社 1986
[4]康华光 电子技术基础 高等教育出版社 1993
[5]冯波 用于电力系统混合仿真器的D类功率放大器的研究 华北电力大学(北京)硕士学位论文 2000
[6]雨宫好文 主编 藤原 修 著 接口电路入门 科学出版社OHM社 2000
[7]胡汉才 单片机及其接口技术 清华大学出版社 1996
[8]B.K.博斯主编 姜建国等译 电力电子学与变频传动技术和应用 中国矿业大学出版社 1999
[9]赵良炳 现代电力电子技术基础 清华大学出版社 1995
[10]张乃国 电源技术 中国电力出版社 1998
[11]廖晓钟 电力电子技术与电气传动 北京理工大学出版社 2000
[12]叶斌 电力电子应用技术及装置 中国铁道出版社 1999
[13]三菱电机株式会社 编 变频器原理与应用教程 国防工业出版社 1999
[14]郑琼林、耿文学 电力电子电路精选电子工业出版社 1996
[15]张冠百 锁相与频率合成技术 电子工业出版社 1990
[16]万心平 集成锁相环路 - 原理、特性、应用 人民邮电出版社 1990
[17]张一工、肖湘宁 现代电力电子技术原理与应用 科学出版社 1999
[18]张志勇、刘瑞桢、杨祖樱 掌握和精通MATLAB 北京航空航天大学出版社 1998
[19] Li Yongdong,Ji Peng. "Optimal PWM Control for High-power Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Separate DC Source". IPEMC’97 Hangzhou China, pp80～85
[20] Jih-Sheng Lai and Fang Zheng Peng. "Multilevel Converters-A New Breed of Power Converters". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp509-517, May/June 1996
[21] Fang Zheng Peng and Jih-Sheng Lai. "A Multilevel Voltage-Source Inverter with Separate DC Sources for Static Var Generation". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp1130-1137, September/October 1996
[22] Fang Zheng Peng, John W. McKeever and Donald J. Adams. "A Power Line Conditioner Using Cascade Multilevel Inverters for Distribution Systems".IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp1293-1298,November/December 1998
[23] Xiaoming Yuan, Ivo Barbi. "A Soft Communtated Neutral-Point-Clamped(NPC) Inverter: Theory and Experimentation". APEC’98:537～543
[24] K.V. Patil,R.M. Mathur,J. Jiang, S.H. Hosseini. "Distribution System Compensation using a new Binary Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter".
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 14, No. 2, April 1999
[25] Fang Zheng Peng, Jih-Sheng Lai. "Dynamic Performance and Control of Static Var Generator Using Cascade Multilevel Inverters". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp748-754, May/June 1997
[26] Leon M. Tolbert, Fang Zheng Peng, Thomas G. Habetler. "Multilevel Converters for Large Electric Drives". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp36-43, January/February 1999
[27] Li Li, Yaguang Liu, Pragasen Pillay. "Multilevel Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM Technique in Series-Connected Voltage Inverters". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp160-170, January/February 2000
[28] Patel H. S., Hoft R. G. . "Generalized Technique of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverter: Part 1-Harmonic Elimination". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp310-317, May/June 1973
[29] Patel H. S., Hoft R. G. . "Generalized Technique of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverter: Part 2-Voltage Control Techniques". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp666-673, September/October 1974
[30] PRASAD N. ENJETI, PHOIVOS D. ZIOGAS, JAMES F. LINDSAY. "Programmed PWM Techniques to Eliminate Harmonics: A Critical Evaluation". IEEE Transactions on Industry Application, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp302-316, March/April 1990
[31] G. Carrara, D. Casini, S. Gardella, R. Salutari. "Optimal PWM for the Control of Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter".
Control in Power Electronics IEE Conference Publication , Vol. 4, No. 377, pp255-259, 1993
[32] Jian Sun, Horst Grotstollen. "Solving Nonlinear Equations for Selective Harmonic Eliminated PWM Using Predicted Initial Values". IECON'92, PP259-264
[33] A. Zuckerberger, Abraham Alexandrovitz. "Determination of Commutation Sequence with a View to Eliminating Harmonics in Microprocessor-Controlled PWM Voltage Inverter". IEEE transactions on Industry Electronics, Vol. IE-33, No. 3, pp262-270, August 1986
[34] Hamid R. Karshenas, Hassan Ali Kojori, Shashi B. Dewan. "Generalized Techniques of Selective Harmonic Elimination and Current Control in Current Source Inverters/Converters" IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp566-573, September 1995
[2]唐世林 电站计算机仿真技术 科学出版社 1996
[3]徐治邦 集成电路音响放大器 新时代出版社 1986
[4]康华光 电子技术基础 高等教育出版社 1993
[5]冯波 用于电力系统混合仿真器的D类功率放大器的研究 华北电力大学(北京)硕士学位论文 2000
[6]雨宫好文 主编 藤原 修 著 接口电路入门 科学出版社OHM社 2000
[7]胡汉才 单片机及其接口技术 清华大学出版社 1996
[8]B.K.博斯主编 姜建国等译 电力电子学与变频传动技术和应用 中国矿业大学出版社 1999
[9]赵良炳 现代电力电子技术基础 清华大学出版社 1995
[10]张乃国 电源技术 中国电力出版社 1998
[11]廖晓钟 电力电子技术与电气传动 北京理工大学出版社 2000
[12]叶斌 电力电子应用技术及装置 中国铁道出版社 1999
[13]三菱电机株式会社 编 变频器原理与应用教程 国防工业出版社 1999
[14]郑琼林、耿文学 电力电子电路精选电子工业出版社 1996
[15]张冠百 锁相与频率合成技术 电子工业出版社 1990
[16]万心平 集成锁相环路 - 原理、特性、应用 人民邮电出版社 1990
[17]张一工、肖湘宁 现代电力电子技术原理与应用 科学出版社 1999
[18]张志勇、刘瑞桢、杨祖樱 掌握和精通MATLAB 北京航空航天大学出版社 1998
[19] Li Yongdong,Ji Peng. "Optimal PWM Control for High-power Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Separate DC Source". IPEMC’97 Hangzhou China, pp80～85
[20] Jih-Sheng Lai and Fang Zheng Peng. "Multilevel Converters-A New Breed of Power Converters". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp509-517, May/June 1996
[21] Fang Zheng Peng and Jih-Sheng Lai. "A Multilevel Voltage-Source Inverter with Separate DC Sources for Static Var Generation". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp1130-1137, September/October 1996
[22] Fang Zheng Peng, John W. McKeever and Donald J. Adams. "A Power Line Conditioner Using Cascade Multilevel Inverters for Distribution Systems".IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications, Vol. 34, No. 6, pp1293-1298,November/December 1998
[23] Xiaoming Yuan, Ivo Barbi. "A Soft Communtated Neutral-Point-Clamped(NPC) Inverter: Theory and Experimentation". APEC’98:537～543
[24] K.V. Patil,R.M. Mathur,J. Jiang, S.H. Hosseini. "Distribution System Compensation using a new Binary Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter".
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 14, No. 2, April 1999
[25] Fang Zheng Peng, Jih-Sheng Lai. "Dynamic Performance and Control of Static Var Generator Using Cascade Multilevel Inverters". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp748-754, May/June 1997
[26] Leon M. Tolbert, Fang Zheng Peng, Thomas G. Habetler. "Multilevel Converters for Large Electric Drives". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp36-43, January/February 1999
[27] Li Li, Yaguang Liu, Pragasen Pillay. "Multilevel Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM Technique in Series-Connected Voltage Inverters". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp160-170, January/February 2000
[28] Patel H. S., Hoft R. G. . "Generalized Technique of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverter: Part 1-Harmonic Elimination". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp310-317, May/June 1973
[29] Patel H. S., Hoft R. G. . "Generalized Technique of Harmonic Elimination and Voltage Control in Thyristor Inverter: Part 2-Voltage Control Techniques". IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp666-673, September/October 1974
[30] PRASAD N. ENJETI, PHOIVOS D. ZIOGAS, JAMES F. LINDSAY. "Programmed PWM Techniques to Eliminate Harmonics: A Critical Evaluation". IEEE Transactions on Industry Application, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp302-316, March/April 1990
[31] G. Carrara, D. Casini, S. Gardella, R. Salutari. "Optimal PWM for the Control of Multilevel Voltage Source Inverter".
Control in Power Electronics IEE Conference Publication , Vol. 4, No. 377, pp255-259, 1993
[32] Jian Sun, Horst Grotstollen. "Solving Nonlinear Equations for Selective Harmonic Eliminated PWM Using Predicted Initial Values". IECON'92, PP259-264
[33] A. Zuckerberger, Abraham Alexandrovitz. "Determination of Commutation Sequence with a View to Eliminating Harmonics in Microprocessor-Controlled PWM Voltage Inverter". IEEE transactions on Industry Electronics, Vol. IE-33, No. 3, pp262-270, August 1986
[34] Hamid R. Karshenas, Hassan Ali Kojori, Shashi B. Dewan. "Generalized Techniques of Selective Harmonic Elimination and Current Control in Current Source Inverters/Converters" IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp566-573, September 1995
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