水稻种绳直播机的设计与研究
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摘要
水稻种绳直播技术与传统水稻直播技术相比具有显著的经济、社会和生态效益。本文在全面分析种绳直播技术研究现状的基础上,对其关键设备水稻种绳直播机整体结构和各个零部件进行了理论分析与试验研究。研究工作被列入辽宁省自然科学基金项目和沈阳市科学技术计划项目。
主要研究成果如下:
1.指出水稻种绳直播技术改变了传统的水稻直播联合作业形式,将水稻直播作业分两步进行。种绳卷制作业在时间上不受农时季节限制,在空间上实现了作业的工厂化,在技术上保证了播种行距、穴距和每穴粒数等参数的标准化,为订单农业提供了技术基础。种绳直播机在田间只进行开沟、放种绳和覆土,实现了水稻直播田间作业的轻型化。为水稻直播机的发展提供了一条新的思路。发表论文1篇。
2.设计了机动水稻种绳直播机。本文采用理论分析、试验研究和应用UGNX数字虚拟技术相结合的方法,对整机的结构和各个部件进行了理论分析和田间试验研究。种绳直播机一方面依靠防堵板将稻茬等杂物推送出播种带,为开沟器开沟作业创造良好的条件,另一方面通过播放机构顺利的将种绳播放到田地里,实现防堵、开沟、播种、覆土和整压一次完成。样机设计新颖,结构简单紧凑,成本低。田间试验结果表明,样机具有良好的工作性能,符合农业技术要求,达到了预期的效果。此研究是水稻直播机设计中的一个创新,为水稻直播机械化提供好的见解。国内外尚未见同类机型。发表论文1篇。
3.提出了转动播放种绳的思路,系统的分析研究了水稻种绳播放装置及种绳与滚轮之间的摩擦,确定了播放装置的结构参数。通过种绳在播放装置中受力分析可得,种绳使种绳盘、转管、导线轮转动所需要的最大拉力只需0.92N,远远小于种绳承受的最大拉力,单靠种绳自己的摩擦就可以完成播放任务。针对播种前的稻田里存在许多稻茬、杂草等杂物,播种机的开沟器容易堵塞失效等问题,设计研制了一种具有高效防堵能力的推送防堵装置,通过试验确定了防堵板的安装位置,依据实际需要对设计方案进行了改进,增加了挡土翼并增大了防堵板的开口调节度。试验证明:设计的播放装置和防堵装置性能良好,结构新颖,具有创新性。发表论文1篇。
4.利用虚拟样机技术,建立了种绳直播机结构的虚拟研究模型,并对其进行了设计与校核,确定了机构的薄弱环节,为样机的设计提供参考。通过田间试验与仿真试验的结果对比,表明所建的直播机虚拟样机模型具有较高的精确度,为产品的可靠性和高效性提供技术保证。该方法避免大量试验验证过程,降低制造成本,提高设计效率,缩短开发周期,最终达到提高产品竞争的能力,试验达到良好的效果。发表论文1篇。
5.利用动态模拟试验方法,模仿大田情况对种绳直播机进行动态系统测试,试验证明了样机设计的镇压装置镇压效果良好,能很好的均衡播种深度,同时验证了样机铺放种绳的均匀性较好。修正了种绳覆土厚度的数学模型,同时建立了开沟前地表不平度与整压后地表不平度的传递函数。它们为大田试验测试种绳覆盖深度带来极大的方便,为其它农机动态试验提供了简单快捷的方法。
Compared with traditional technology of Rice Direct Sowing, Rice Rope Direct Sowing Technology has significant economic, social and ecological benefits. On the basis of the status quo about Rice Rope Direct Sowing Technology research comprehensive analysis, paper had an theoretical analysis and experimental study to key equipment of the overall structure and parts of the machine of Rice Rope Seeding. The study received funding from natural science fund projects of Liaoning Province and Shenyang City science and technology projects.
Main research results include:
1. The technology has changed the traditional form of Rice Joint Practice, and divided Rice Direct Sowing working into two-steps. The technology has many advantages. First, it isn't limited by season. Second, it realize industrialist. what's more, it can assure the standardization of parameter in the technology, such as row spacing of seeding, hole spacing of seeding , the number of seeds in every hole, and so on. Finally, it actualize the aim that Light-duty machine of Rice Direct Sowing work in fields. For the development of the Rice Direct Sowing Machine provid a new way of thinking. (Publication 1)
2. Design of the first mobile Rice Rope Direct Sowing Machine. Paper using the combining method of theoretical analysis, experimental research and application of digital virtual technology UGNX, carry out the theoretical analysis of system and the research of field trials to the overall structure and parts of machine. The machine of Rice Rope Seeding, on the one hand, create a favorable conditions for opener working through anti-blocking boards to push rice stubble and other debris out sowing belt. On the other hand, it can finish these working, which are anti- blocking work、opening work、sowing work、banking work and compacting work in field. and the seeding mechanism can sow smoothly the rice rope to the fields. Test results show that the machine have innovative design, simple and compact structure, a good work performance, and Comply with the basic requirements of agricultural technology. This study, is an innovation in designs of Rice Direct Machine, provide good insights for Rice mechanization. Similar models have not been seen At home and abroad.( Publication 1)
3. New principle of Rrice Rope seeding device was put forward. Rice Rope Seeding Mechanism are established and analyzed, the friction was analyed between Rice Rope and Rotating tube, and the structural parameters were established. Through analyzing forces of Rice rope, we acquire that Rice Rope only needed the biggest force 0.92 N in work. In the paddy fields before farming, there are many rice stubble, weeds and other debris, Opener is very easy plugged, therefore, In this paper, the Anti-blocking Mechanism is designed, which has a highly efficient ability to push debris out sowing bank. The installation of anti-board position was determined by experiment. According as the actual needs, the design was improved, the anti-blocking wing was increased, the anti-blocking opening was enlarge. Experiments show that the two devices have good performance, novel and innovative structure. (Publication 1)
4. Use of virtual prototyping technology, the virtual research model of Rice Rope Direct Seeder structure was established, design and effect were carried out, and the weak link were identified, which provide the design reference for the prototype. Through field experiments and simulation test results contrasting, the virtual prototype model has a high accuracy. Therefore, technical assurance was provided for reliability and efficiency of product, at the same time, the large test validation process were avoided, costs were reduced, design efficiency were improved and development cycles were shorten. Ultimately product competition and the survival advantage were improved. The test achieved good results. (Publication 1)
5. Dynamic testing device was designed. Under imitation field situation, dynamic system was tested. The mathematical model was established between Surface roughness and Ditch's bottom roughness. Further,The mathematical model was correctted about Rice Seeding Rope covered thickness by soil. Meanwhile, Transfer Function was established about the surface roughness. It brings great convenience for testing soil covering thickness in fields, and provides a simple and quick method for dynamic testing of other farming machinery.
主要研究成果如下:
1.指出水稻种绳直播技术改变了传统的水稻直播联合作业形式,将水稻直播作业分两步进行。种绳卷制作业在时间上不受农时季节限制,在空间上实现了作业的工厂化,在技术上保证了播种行距、穴距和每穴粒数等参数的标准化,为订单农业提供了技术基础。种绳直播机在田间只进行开沟、放种绳和覆土,实现了水稻直播田间作业的轻型化。为水稻直播机的发展提供了一条新的思路。发表论文1篇。
2.设计了机动水稻种绳直播机。本文采用理论分析、试验研究和应用UGNX数字虚拟技术相结合的方法,对整机的结构和各个部件进行了理论分析和田间试验研究。种绳直播机一方面依靠防堵板将稻茬等杂物推送出播种带,为开沟器开沟作业创造良好的条件,另一方面通过播放机构顺利的将种绳播放到田地里,实现防堵、开沟、播种、覆土和整压一次完成。样机设计新颖,结构简单紧凑,成本低。田间试验结果表明,样机具有良好的工作性能,符合农业技术要求,达到了预期的效果。此研究是水稻直播机设计中的一个创新,为水稻直播机械化提供好的见解。国内外尚未见同类机型。发表论文1篇。
3.提出了转动播放种绳的思路,系统的分析研究了水稻种绳播放装置及种绳与滚轮之间的摩擦,确定了播放装置的结构参数。通过种绳在播放装置中受力分析可得,种绳使种绳盘、转管、导线轮转动所需要的最大拉力只需0.92N,远远小于种绳承受的最大拉力,单靠种绳自己的摩擦就可以完成播放任务。针对播种前的稻田里存在许多稻茬、杂草等杂物,播种机的开沟器容易堵塞失效等问题,设计研制了一种具有高效防堵能力的推送防堵装置,通过试验确定了防堵板的安装位置,依据实际需要对设计方案进行了改进,增加了挡土翼并增大了防堵板的开口调节度。试验证明:设计的播放装置和防堵装置性能良好,结构新颖,具有创新性。发表论文1篇。
4.利用虚拟样机技术,建立了种绳直播机结构的虚拟研究模型,并对其进行了设计与校核,确定了机构的薄弱环节,为样机的设计提供参考。通过田间试验与仿真试验的结果对比,表明所建的直播机虚拟样机模型具有较高的精确度,为产品的可靠性和高效性提供技术保证。该方法避免大量试验验证过程,降低制造成本,提高设计效率,缩短开发周期,最终达到提高产品竞争的能力,试验达到良好的效果。发表论文1篇。
5.利用动态模拟试验方法,模仿大田情况对种绳直播机进行动态系统测试,试验证明了样机设计的镇压装置镇压效果良好,能很好的均衡播种深度,同时验证了样机铺放种绳的均匀性较好。修正了种绳覆土厚度的数学模型,同时建立了开沟前地表不平度与整压后地表不平度的传递函数。它们为大田试验测试种绳覆盖深度带来极大的方便,为其它农机动态试验提供了简单快捷的方法。
Compared with traditional technology of Rice Direct Sowing, Rice Rope Direct Sowing Technology has significant economic, social and ecological benefits. On the basis of the status quo about Rice Rope Direct Sowing Technology research comprehensive analysis, paper had an theoretical analysis and experimental study to key equipment of the overall structure and parts of the machine of Rice Rope Seeding. The study received funding from natural science fund projects of Liaoning Province and Shenyang City science and technology projects.
Main research results include:
1. The technology has changed the traditional form of Rice Joint Practice, and divided Rice Direct Sowing working into two-steps. The technology has many advantages. First, it isn't limited by season. Second, it realize industrialist. what's more, it can assure the standardization of parameter in the technology, such as row spacing of seeding, hole spacing of seeding , the number of seeds in every hole, and so on. Finally, it actualize the aim that Light-duty machine of Rice Direct Sowing work in fields. For the development of the Rice Direct Sowing Machine provid a new way of thinking. (Publication 1)
2. Design of the first mobile Rice Rope Direct Sowing Machine. Paper using the combining method of theoretical analysis, experimental research and application of digital virtual technology UGNX, carry out the theoretical analysis of system and the research of field trials to the overall structure and parts of machine. The machine of Rice Rope Seeding, on the one hand, create a favorable conditions for opener working through anti-blocking boards to push rice stubble and other debris out sowing belt. On the other hand, it can finish these working, which are anti- blocking work、opening work、sowing work、banking work and compacting work in field. and the seeding mechanism can sow smoothly the rice rope to the fields. Test results show that the machine have innovative design, simple and compact structure, a good work performance, and Comply with the basic requirements of agricultural technology. This study, is an innovation in designs of Rice Direct Machine, provide good insights for Rice mechanization. Similar models have not been seen At home and abroad.( Publication 1)
3. New principle of Rrice Rope seeding device was put forward. Rice Rope Seeding Mechanism are established and analyzed, the friction was analyed between Rice Rope and Rotating tube, and the structural parameters were established. Through analyzing forces of Rice rope, we acquire that Rice Rope only needed the biggest force 0.92 N in work. In the paddy fields before farming, there are many rice stubble, weeds and other debris, Opener is very easy plugged, therefore, In this paper, the Anti-blocking Mechanism is designed, which has a highly efficient ability to push debris out sowing bank. The installation of anti-board position was determined by experiment. According as the actual needs, the design was improved, the anti-blocking wing was increased, the anti-blocking opening was enlarge. Experiments show that the two devices have good performance, novel and innovative structure. (Publication 1)
4. Use of virtual prototyping technology, the virtual research model of Rice Rope Direct Seeder structure was established, design and effect were carried out, and the weak link were identified, which provide the design reference for the prototype. Through field experiments and simulation test results contrasting, the virtual prototype model has a high accuracy. Therefore, technical assurance was provided for reliability and efficiency of product, at the same time, the large test validation process were avoided, costs were reduced, design efficiency were improved and development cycles were shorten. Ultimately product competition and the survival advantage were improved. The test achieved good results. (Publication 1)
5. Dynamic testing device was designed. Under imitation field situation, dynamic system was tested. The mathematical model was established between Surface roughness and Ditch's bottom roughness. Further,The mathematical model was correctted about Rice Seeding Rope covered thickness by soil. Meanwhile, Transfer Function was established about the surface roughness. It brings great convenience for testing soil covering thickness in fields, and provides a simple and quick method for dynamic testing of other farming machinery.
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