虚拟化电能参数测试与电测仪表自动检定技术研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术的发展，虚拟仪器已经成为电能参数检测发展的重要方向。本文简要介绍了电能参数检测的意义和现状，指出了传统电能参数检测存在的不足，提出并研制了一种集电能参数测量、电能质量测试与电测仪表检定等多种功能为一体的虚拟化电能参数综合测试系统，论述了系统的构成、特点与测量原理，重点介绍了系统功能的虚拟化软件设计方法。本系统的研制取得了一定的创新性成果。
系统是基于虚拟仪器技术，功能全面、硬件结构简单的智能化测试系统。这种将电能参数测试与电测仪表检定合二为一的虚拟仪器系统，国内外未见同类报道。
项目研究提出了一种基于傅立叶变换的离散的闪变信息处理方法，建立了相应的信息处理模型，结合虚拟仪器软件设计，在极少硬件资源的基础上，实现了闪变的实时监测与记录功能。基于傅立叶变换和虚拟仪器技术的闪变测量方法，属国内外首创。
系统具有传统数字表、指针式仪表和示波器功能，可实现电压、电流实时波形显示、相位图形显示和谐波柱状图显示，具有数字显示、模拟仪表显示、向量图显示、时域波形显示、频谱图形显示等多种显示功能。系统可按照检定规程要求，根据被检指针式电测仪表，自动产生检定点、形成检定记录、完成自动修约、生成检定证书或检定结果通知书。这种显示形式多样、输出方式灵活的自动测试与检定系统，具有很高的实用性与市场推广潜力，也为其它自动测试系统研制提供了良好的设计参考。
由于以虚拟仪器技术为核心，系统功能的虚拟化软件设计是系统设计的关键内容。系统软件功能丰富，硬件结构简单，智能化程度高，为电力行业提供了优良的测试技术装备和高效率的自动检定工具，具有广阔的应用前景。
With the development of computer technology, virtual instrument has been an important developing direction of power parameter measurement. This paper briefly introduces the significance and current situation of power parameter measurement, points out existing deficiencies of traditional power parameter measurement, puts forward and develops a virtual compositive test system for power parameters which integrates the functions of power parameter measurement, power quality testing and electric measuring meter verification, discusses its structure, characteristics and measuring principles, then lays emphasis on presenting its virtual software design. The study has acquired some innovative fruits.
The system is a intelligentized test system based on virtual instrument technology that has comprehensive functions and simple hardware structure. The virtual instrument system combining the functions of power parameter measurement and electric measuring meter verification is not reported in country and overseas.
The paper puts forward a flicker evaluating method based on FFT and sets up corresponding information processing model. It uses virtual instrument technology to realize real-time inspection and recording of flicker with few hardwares. The flicker measurement method based on FFT and virtual instrument technology initiates both at home and abroad.
The system intergrates the functions of traditional digital instrument, dial instrument and oscilloscop. It can display voltage and ampere real-time waveform, phase graphic and harmonic histogram that has many display modes such as digital display, simulation instrument display, vectogram display, time domain waveform display and spectrum graph display.
According to the type of verified instruments and corresponding verification regulations, the system will automatically generate verified points, report verification results, complete automatic correction and create verification certificates. The automatic testing and verifying system with various display forms and flexible output modes has high practicability and marketing potentiality, and offers good design reference for the development of other automatic
test system.
Owing to the use of virtual instrument technology as its kernel, this test system has multifunctional software, simple hardware configuration and high intelligentized degree. It can provide excellent test equipments and efficient automatic verifying tools for electric power branches, and has wide application prospects.
Due to the use of virtual instrument technology as its kernel, the virtual software design is the key of the system which has multifunctional software, simple hardware configuration and high intelligentized degree. It can provide excellent test equipments and efficient automatic verifying tools for electric power branches and has expansive application foreground.
系统是基于虚拟仪器技术，功能全面、硬件结构简单的智能化测试系统。这种将电能参数测试与电测仪表检定合二为一的虚拟仪器系统，国内外未见同类报道。
项目研究提出了一种基于傅立叶变换的离散的闪变信息处理方法，建立了相应的信息处理模型，结合虚拟仪器软件设计，在极少硬件资源的基础上，实现了闪变的实时监测与记录功能。基于傅立叶变换和虚拟仪器技术的闪变测量方法，属国内外首创。
系统具有传统数字表、指针式仪表和示波器功能，可实现电压、电流实时波形显示、相位图形显示和谐波柱状图显示，具有数字显示、模拟仪表显示、向量图显示、时域波形显示、频谱图形显示等多种显示功能。系统可按照检定规程要求，根据被检指针式电测仪表，自动产生检定点、形成检定记录、完成自动修约、生成检定证书或检定结果通知书。这种显示形式多样、输出方式灵活的自动测试与检定系统，具有很高的实用性与市场推广潜力，也为其它自动测试系统研制提供了良好的设计参考。
由于以虚拟仪器技术为核心，系统功能的虚拟化软件设计是系统设计的关键内容。系统软件功能丰富，硬件结构简单，智能化程度高，为电力行业提供了优良的测试技术装备和高效率的自动检定工具，具有广阔的应用前景。
With the development of computer technology, virtual instrument has been an important developing direction of power parameter measurement. This paper briefly introduces the significance and current situation of power parameter measurement, points out existing deficiencies of traditional power parameter measurement, puts forward and develops a virtual compositive test system for power parameters which integrates the functions of power parameter measurement, power quality testing and electric measuring meter verification, discusses its structure, characteristics and measuring principles, then lays emphasis on presenting its virtual software design. The study has acquired some innovative fruits.
The system is a intelligentized test system based on virtual instrument technology that has comprehensive functions and simple hardware structure. The virtual instrument system combining the functions of power parameter measurement and electric measuring meter verification is not reported in country and overseas.
The paper puts forward a flicker evaluating method based on FFT and sets up corresponding information processing model. It uses virtual instrument technology to realize real-time inspection and recording of flicker with few hardwares. The flicker measurement method based on FFT and virtual instrument technology initiates both at home and abroad.
The system intergrates the functions of traditional digital instrument, dial instrument and oscilloscop. It can display voltage and ampere real-time waveform, phase graphic and harmonic histogram that has many display modes such as digital display, simulation instrument display, vectogram display, time domain waveform display and spectrum graph display.
According to the type of verified instruments and corresponding verification regulations, the system will automatically generate verified points, report verification results, complete automatic correction and create verification certificates. The automatic testing and verifying system with various display forms and flexible output modes has high practicability and marketing potentiality, and offers good design reference for the development of other automatic
test system.
Owing to the use of virtual instrument technology as its kernel, this test system has multifunctional software, simple hardware configuration and high intelligentized degree. It can provide excellent test equipments and efficient automatic verifying tools for electric power branches, and has wide application prospects.
Due to the use of virtual instrument technology as its kernel, the virtual software design is the key of the system which has multifunctional software, simple hardware configuration and high intelligentized degree. It can provide excellent test equipments and efficient automatic verifying tools for electric power branches and has expansive application foreground.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国电力工业部．电网电能质量技术监督管理规定．电力工业部文件，电综[1998] 211号，1998．5．19
[2] McGranaghan M. Trends in power quality monitoring. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2001, 21(10): 3-9
[3] Driesen J, Green T, Van C T, Belmans R. The development of power quality markets. Power Engineering Society Meeting, 2002, 1(1): 262-267
[4] 蔡萍．赵辉现代检测技术与系统．北京：高等教育出版社，2002
[5] 骆晨钟．软仪表技术及其工业应用．仪表技术与传感器，1999(1)：35-38
[6] 魏海燕，杨建新，郁鼎新等．基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器开发．机械工程师，2000(4)：50-51
[7] 陈春民，陈宇．虚拟式电能参数检测系统概述．淮阴工学院学报，2002，11(3)：66-68
[8] 汪小平，王绍兰，杨维翰．基于LabVIEW软件虚拟仪器的电能质量分析仪．仪表技术与传感器，2000(5)：19-21
[9] 黄义雄，戚丽丽．虚拟仪器下的电力参数测试．自动化与仪器仪表，1998(6)：52-53
[10] 李慧英，张希文等．虚拟仪器下的相位测量方法．电测与仪表，1996(7)：25-27
[11] Branislav Djokic, Eddy So. Phase measurement of distorted periodic signals based on nonsynchronous digital filtering. IEEE Trans on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2001, 50 (4): 864-867
[12] 孙树勤．电压波动与闪变．北京：中国电力出版社，1999
[13] IEC61000-4-15. Flickermeter-Functional and design specification. 1997
[14] 马玉龙，刘连光，张建华等．IEC闪变测量原理的数字化实现方法．中国电机工程学报，2001，21(11)：92-95
[15] M.T. Bishop, A.V.Do, S.R.Mendis. Voltage Flicker Measurement and Analysis System. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 1994, 7 (2): 34-38
[16] Thomas Keppler, Neville Watson, Jos Arrillaga. Computation of the Short-Term Flicker Severity Index. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2000, 15 (4): 1110-1115
[17] S.Caldara, S. Nuccio, C.Spataro. A virtual instrument for measurement of flicker. IEEE Trans on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1998, 47(5): 1155-1158
[18] 赵刚，施围，林海雪．闪变值计算方法的研究．电网技术，2001，25(11)：15-18
[19] 黄纯，江亚群，孙梓华．基于虚拟仪器技术的电力谐波测试仪．电力自动化设备，
2001，21 (11)：55-57
[20] 吕润酴．电力系统高次谐波．北京：中国电力出版社，1999
[21] L.Cristaldi, A.Ferrero. A Virtual Instrument for the Determination of the Electric Power Quality. In: Proceedings of the Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC/94, 10th Anniversary, Advanced Technologies in I & M., 1994, 1309-1312
[22] Jen-Hao Teng, Shun-Yu Chan, Jin-Chang Lee etal. A LabVIEW based virtual instrument for power analyzers. In.. Power System Technology, 2000. Proceedings. PowerCon 2000. International Conference on, 2000, 179-184
[23] 广西壮族自治区电力工业局．广西电能质量公用电网谐波监督管理制度．广西壮族自治区电力工业局文件，桂电用字[1996]256号，1996
[24] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量 电力系统频率允许偏差．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 15945—1995，1995
[25] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量 供电电压允许偏差．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 12325—90，1990
[26] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量 电压波动和闪变．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 12326—2000，2000
[27] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量公网电网谐波．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 14549—93，1993．
[28] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量 三相电压允许不平衡度．中华人民共和国国家标准 GB／T 15543—1995，1995
[29] 吕飞孔，何宇，白雪松等．基于虚拟仪器技术的多功能电能计量．黑龙江电力，2003，25(2)：119-123
[30] 刘君华．基于LabVlEW的虚拟仪器设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[31] 李宇华．虚拟仪器开发平台软件LabVIEW介绍．计算机自动测量与控制，1996(6)：45-49
[32] 路林吉，饶家明．虚拟仪器讲座——第三讲面向仪器与测控过程的图形化开发平台．LabVIEW．电子技术，2000，(3)：46-49
[33] 杨乐平，李海涛，肖相生．LabVIEW程序设计与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[34] LabVIEW Data Acquisition Basics Manual. National Instruments, 1998
[35] LabVIEW Function and Ⅵ Reference Manual. National Instruments, 1998
[36] LabVIEW G Programming Reference Manual. National Instruments, 1998
[37] 杨乐平，李海涛，赵勇等．LabVIEW高级程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[38] README.RTF file for LabVIEW Report Generation Toolkit for Microsoft Office. National Instruments, 2001
[39] Report Generation Toolkit for Microsoft Office User Manual. National Instruments, 2001
[40] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电流表、电压表、功率表及电阻表．中华人民共和国国家计量检定规程JJG124—93，1993
[41] 陈跃平，郑文莉．电流表、电压表、功率表半自动检定系统．计量技术，1998(2)：35-38
[42] 冯会真，刘书慧．电气仪表半自动检定系统．计量工作者论坛，1999(1)：18-19
[43] 李浩，曹曙光，徐民等．交流仪表微机校表系统．电测与仪表，1998，35(385)：17-19
[44] 姜荣华，孙宝利，孙玉田．交直流指示仪表微机化检定系统．山东电力技术，1999(4)：50-51
[45] 薛天龙，黄海宇，王玉莲等．数字式三用表校验仪的自动检定系统．电测与仪表，1997(4)：28-29
[46] 解金芳，肖峻．一种单片机控制的检定系统．计量技术，1996(8)：28-30
[47] 冯绍军，杨水庚．自动计量检定系统设计方法．计量技术，1998(1)：40-42
[48] 石博强，赵德永，李畅等．LabVIEW6.1编程技术实用教程．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002
[49] 程虎．虚拟仪器的现状和发展趋势．现代科学仪器，1994(4)：6-9
[50] 贾功贤，刘成康，李兵等．基于PC的虚拟仪器的发展趋势．电子技术应用，1999(12)：4-6
[2] McGranaghan M. Trends in power quality monitoring. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2001, 21(10): 3-9
[3] Driesen J, Green T, Van C T, Belmans R. The development of power quality markets. Power Engineering Society Meeting, 2002, 1(1): 262-267
[4] 蔡萍．赵辉现代检测技术与系统．北京：高等教育出版社，2002
[5] 骆晨钟．软仪表技术及其工业应用．仪表技术与传感器，1999(1)：35-38
[6] 魏海燕，杨建新，郁鼎新等．基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器开发．机械工程师，2000(4)：50-51
[7] 陈春民，陈宇．虚拟式电能参数检测系统概述．淮阴工学院学报，2002，11(3)：66-68
[8] 汪小平，王绍兰，杨维翰．基于LabVIEW软件虚拟仪器的电能质量分析仪．仪表技术与传感器，2000(5)：19-21
[9] 黄义雄，戚丽丽．虚拟仪器下的电力参数测试．自动化与仪器仪表，1998(6)：52-53
[10] 李慧英，张希文等．虚拟仪器下的相位测量方法．电测与仪表，1996(7)：25-27
[11] Branislav Djokic, Eddy So. Phase measurement of distorted periodic signals based on nonsynchronous digital filtering. IEEE Trans on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2001, 50 (4): 864-867
[12] 孙树勤．电压波动与闪变．北京：中国电力出版社，1999
[13] IEC61000-4-15. Flickermeter-Functional and design specification. 1997
[14] 马玉龙，刘连光，张建华等．IEC闪变测量原理的数字化实现方法．中国电机工程学报，2001，21(11)：92-95
[15] M.T. Bishop, A.V.Do, S.R.Mendis. Voltage Flicker Measurement and Analysis System. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 1994, 7 (2): 34-38
[16] Thomas Keppler, Neville Watson, Jos Arrillaga. Computation of the Short-Term Flicker Severity Index. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2000, 15 (4): 1110-1115
[17] S.Caldara, S. Nuccio, C.Spataro. A virtual instrument for measurement of flicker. IEEE Trans on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1998, 47(5): 1155-1158
[18] 赵刚，施围，林海雪．闪变值计算方法的研究．电网技术，2001，25(11)：15-18
[19] 黄纯，江亚群，孙梓华．基于虚拟仪器技术的电力谐波测试仪．电力自动化设备，
2001，21 (11)：55-57
[20] 吕润酴．电力系统高次谐波．北京：中国电力出版社，1999
[21] L.Cristaldi, A.Ferrero. A Virtual Instrument for the Determination of the Electric Power Quality. In: Proceedings of the Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC/94, 10th Anniversary, Advanced Technologies in I & M., 1994, 1309-1312
[22] Jen-Hao Teng, Shun-Yu Chan, Jin-Chang Lee etal. A LabVIEW based virtual instrument for power analyzers. In.. Power System Technology, 2000. Proceedings. PowerCon 2000. International Conference on, 2000, 179-184
[23] 广西壮族自治区电力工业局．广西电能质量公用电网谐波监督管理制度．广西壮族自治区电力工业局文件，桂电用字[1996]256号，1996
[24] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量 电力系统频率允许偏差．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 15945—1995，1995
[25] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量 供电电压允许偏差．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 12325—90，1990
[26] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量 电压波动和闪变．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 12326—2000，2000
[27] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量公网电网谐波．中华人民共和国国家标准GB／T 14549—93，1993．
[28] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电能质量 三相电压允许不平衡度．中华人民共和国国家标准 GB／T 15543—1995，1995
[29] 吕飞孔，何宇，白雪松等．基于虚拟仪器技术的多功能电能计量．黑龙江电力，2003，25(2)：119-123
[30] 刘君华．基于LabVlEW的虚拟仪器设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2003
[31] 李宇华．虚拟仪器开发平台软件LabVIEW介绍．计算机自动测量与控制，1996(6)：45-49
[32] 路林吉，饶家明．虚拟仪器讲座——第三讲面向仪器与测控过程的图形化开发平台．LabVIEW．电子技术，2000，(3)：46-49
[33] 杨乐平，李海涛，肖相生．LabVIEW程序设计与应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2001
[34] LabVIEW Data Acquisition Basics Manual. National Instruments, 1998
[35] LabVIEW Function and Ⅵ Reference Manual. National Instruments, 1998
[36] LabVIEW G Programming Reference Manual. National Instruments, 1998
[37] 杨乐平，李海涛，赵勇等．LabVIEW高级程序设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[38] README.RTF file for LabVIEW Report Generation Toolkit for Microsoft Office. National Instruments, 2001
[39] Report Generation Toolkit for Microsoft Office User Manual. National Instruments, 2001
[40] 中华人民共和国国家技术监督局．电流表、电压表、功率表及电阻表．中华人民共和国国家计量检定规程JJG124—93，1993
[41] 陈跃平，郑文莉．电流表、电压表、功率表半自动检定系统．计量技术，1998(2)：35-38
[42] 冯会真，刘书慧．电气仪表半自动检定系统．计量工作者论坛，1999(1)：18-19
[43] 李浩，曹曙光，徐民等．交流仪表微机校表系统．电测与仪表，1998，35(385)：17-19
[44] 姜荣华，孙宝利，孙玉田．交直流指示仪表微机化检定系统．山东电力技术，1999(4)：50-51
[45] 薛天龙，黄海宇，王玉莲等．数字式三用表校验仪的自动检定系统．电测与仪表，1997(4)：28-29
[46] 解金芳，肖峻．一种单片机控制的检定系统．计量技术，1996(8)：28-30
[47] 冯绍军，杨水庚．自动计量检定系统设计方法．计量技术，1998(1)：40-42
[48] 石博强，赵德永，李畅等．LabVIEW6.1编程技术实用教程．北京：中国铁道出版社，2002
[49] 程虎．虚拟仪器的现状和发展趋势．现代科学仪器，1994(4)：6-9
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