基于DSP的电能质量在线监测装置的研究
摘要
如今，大量电力电子装置以及其它非线性负荷(如电弧炉等)得到了广泛应用，不幸的是，在提高生产力的同时它们也在电力系统中导致了严重的电能质量恶化。同时，微电子技术的发展使得各种自动装置广泛应用，极大地提高了社会生产力，而这些装置对于电能质量下降极为敏感，因此在生产实践中出现了许多严重的事故，造成了巨大的损失。当今，如何提高电能质量、确保用电设备安全稳定的运行，已成了国内外广泛关注的焦点之一。
本文提出了一种基于DSP(数字信号处理器)的电能质量在线监测装置，利用DSP芯片强大的计算功能进行电能质量在线监测，实时显示测量数据，保存超标数据，为电网电能质量的测评和电能质量的改善提供了准确的依据。本装置作为电能质量在线监测系统的现场监测终端，主要安装在中、低压配电端、大型电力用户输入端等现场。
论文的主体结构：首先介绍了电能质量的概念，电能质量问题的提出，电能质量的测量方法，电能质量在线监测的要求和实现方法，以及DSP处理器在电能质量测量中的应用和发展；然后详细介绍了本监测系统的数据采样和模数转换设计、DSP电路设计、通信接口设计和软件设计，以及系统的调试和测试。
本装置利用TI公司的TMS320VC5402作为系统的中央处理器，实现了对多项电能质量的实时测量。为满足实时性的要求，在软件上研究了高效的复序列FFT算法来分析谐波；在硬件上采用CPLD来完成系统的逻辑控制，利用UART(通用异步收发器)来进行串行通信，使DSP从繁忙的控制任务中解放出来。多种通信接口的设计，使得装置与外设通信十分方便。本装置还设计了友好的人机界面，操作方便简洁。
实践表明，本电能质量综合测试装置具有很高的测量速度和测量精度，功能齐全，具有可扩展性，在性能和功能上优于同类产品，已经在配电网、工业园区等地方得到了很好的应用。
By now, lots of electric and electronic inverters, alone with nonlinear load such as arc furnace, have got widely application. On the one hand, they have greatly enhanced the productivity undoubtedly. On the other hand, they have done great harm to power quality of the applied electric system. At the same time, the development of micro-electronics brings a mass of advanced automatic equipments who are greatly sensitive to the power system's quality. Great losses attributing to low-grade power quality happen at times. So, how to improve power quality and insure these sensitive electronic equipment's reliable operation becomes a stringent and important task, which has attracted great attentions of specialist from home and abroad.
In this article, we introduce a set of online power quality monitor who is based on DSP(Digital Signal Processor). The monitor makes full use of DSP chip's strong operation capability. It can monitor power quality online, display real-time measure data and save superscale data, which can provide accurate data to power quality evaluation and improvement. This device can be applied to medium and low voltage distribution output side or the input side of large consumer.
Structure of paper: concept of power quality; bringing forward questions of power quality; measurements of power quality; requirements and realization of power quality's online measurement; the appliance and development of DSP processor in power quality measurement. Then comes the detailed description of this monitor: design of data sampling and A/D transition; design of DSP circuit; communication interface design; software design; system commissioning and debugging.
The monitor introduces chip TMS320VC5402 of TI company as central processor. It can monitor different parameters of power quality. In order to satisfy the need of real-time requirement, we take following efficient technique: In the field of software, Based on complex sequence FFT operation means with good performance is introduced into Harmonic Analysis; In the hardware field, CPLD is entitled for system logical control; Serial communication derived from UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) frees the DSP of burdensome control. Multitude interfaces design makes peripheral communication very convenient. Moreover, its friendly human-machine interface and straightforward operation are another marked merit.
This monitor has powerful functions, its good performance such as accurate measurement, high measuring speed and good stability has got testified in many field application cases. The application field includes distribution grid and different industrial parks. Furthermore, its extensibility, function and performance is more competent than any other product of same category.
本文提出了一种基于DSP(数字信号处理器)的电能质量在线监测装置，利用DSP芯片强大的计算功能进行电能质量在线监测，实时显示测量数据，保存超标数据，为电网电能质量的测评和电能质量的改善提供了准确的依据。本装置作为电能质量在线监测系统的现场监测终端，主要安装在中、低压配电端、大型电力用户输入端等现场。
论文的主体结构：首先介绍了电能质量的概念，电能质量问题的提出，电能质量的测量方法，电能质量在线监测的要求和实现方法，以及DSP处理器在电能质量测量中的应用和发展；然后详细介绍了本监测系统的数据采样和模数转换设计、DSP电路设计、通信接口设计和软件设计，以及系统的调试和测试。
本装置利用TI公司的TMS320VC5402作为系统的中央处理器，实现了对多项电能质量的实时测量。为满足实时性的要求，在软件上研究了高效的复序列FFT算法来分析谐波；在硬件上采用CPLD来完成系统的逻辑控制，利用UART(通用异步收发器)来进行串行通信，使DSP从繁忙的控制任务中解放出来。多种通信接口的设计，使得装置与外设通信十分方便。本装置还设计了友好的人机界面，操作方便简洁。
实践表明，本电能质量综合测试装置具有很高的测量速度和测量精度，功能齐全，具有可扩展性，在性能和功能上优于同类产品，已经在配电网、工业园区等地方得到了很好的应用。
By now, lots of electric and electronic inverters, alone with nonlinear load such as arc furnace, have got widely application. On the one hand, they have greatly enhanced the productivity undoubtedly. On the other hand, they have done great harm to power quality of the applied electric system. At the same time, the development of micro-electronics brings a mass of advanced automatic equipments who are greatly sensitive to the power system's quality. Great losses attributing to low-grade power quality happen at times. So, how to improve power quality and insure these sensitive electronic equipment's reliable operation becomes a stringent and important task, which has attracted great attentions of specialist from home and abroad.
In this article, we introduce a set of online power quality monitor who is based on DSP(Digital Signal Processor). The monitor makes full use of DSP chip's strong operation capability. It can monitor power quality online, display real-time measure data and save superscale data, which can provide accurate data to power quality evaluation and improvement. This device can be applied to medium and low voltage distribution output side or the input side of large consumer.
Structure of paper: concept of power quality; bringing forward questions of power quality; measurements of power quality; requirements and realization of power quality's online measurement; the appliance and development of DSP processor in power quality measurement. Then comes the detailed description of this monitor: design of data sampling and A/D transition; design of DSP circuit; communication interface design; software design; system commissioning and debugging.
The monitor introduces chip TMS320VC5402 of TI company as central processor. It can monitor different parameters of power quality. In order to satisfy the need of real-time requirement, we take following efficient technique: In the field of software, Based on complex sequence FFT operation means with good performance is introduced into Harmonic Analysis; In the hardware field, CPLD is entitled for system logical control; Serial communication derived from UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) frees the DSP of burdensome control. Multitude interfaces design makes peripheral communication very convenient. Moreover, its friendly human-machine interface and straightforward operation are another marked merit.
This monitor has powerful functions, its good performance such as accurate measurement, high measuring speed and good stability has got testified in many field application cases. The application field includes distribution grid and different industrial parks. Furthermore, its extensibility, function and performance is more competent than any other product of same category.
引文
[1]全国电压电流等级和频率标准化技术委员会编 电压电流频率和电能质量国家标准应用手册 中国电力出版社
[2]蒋平等 电能质量问题及其治理方法 江苏机电工程 2003．1
[3]段成刚等 新型在线实时电能质量监测设备的设计 电网技术 2004．1
[4]孙树勤 电压波动与闪变 中国电力出版社 1998
[5]林海雪 电力系统三相不平衡 中国电力出版社 1998
[6]马维新 电力系统电压 中国电力出版社 1998
[7]吴竞昌 供电系统谐波 中国电力出版社 1998
[8]林海雪等 电力网中的谐波 中国电力出版社 1998
[9]容健纲等译 电力系统谐波 华中理工大学出版社 1994
[10]McGranaghan M. Trends in power quality monitoring [J]. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2001, 21(10):3-9, 21
[11]McEacherm A. Roles of intelligent systems in power quality monitoring: past, present and future[C].Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2001:1103-1105
[12]DXC-1电力谐波测量仪使用说明书．国家电力公司武汉高压研究所
[13]汪安民 TMS320C54xx DSP实用技术 清华大学出版社 2002
[14]TMS320VC5402 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, from http://www.ti. com
[15]王宝安等 基于DSP技术的电能质量监测仪研制 电力自动化设备 2003．4
[16]谢自美 电子线路设计实验测试．华中科技大学出版社，2000，7
[17]MAX125. pdf, form http://www. maxim. com
[18]国家技术监督局 电能质量 供电电压允许偏差(GB 12325-90) 北京：标准出版社，1990
[19]国家技术监督局 电能质量 三相电压允许不平衡度(GB／T 15543-1995)北京：标准出版社，1995
[20]国家技术监督局 电能质量 电力系统频率允许偏差(GB／T 15945-1995) 北京：标准出版社，1995
[21]国家技术监督局 电能质量 公用电网谐波(GB／T 14549—93)北京：标准出版社，1993
[22]A Power Quality Monitoring System: A Case Study in DSP-Based Solutions for Power Electronics, A. Lakshmikanth, Memder, IEEE, and Medhat M, Morcos, Senir memder IEEE
[23]珠海炬力集成电路设计有限公司宣传材料 http://www.actions.com.cn
[24]齐美彬 TMS320VC5402电路设计中应注意的几个问题 电子技术 2002．6
[25]邹志革等 TMS320VC5402通用I／O资源及其应用 电子技术应用 2003．4
[26]SN74LVTH16244A. pdf, form http://www. ti. com
[27]SN74LVTH16245A. pdf, form http://www. ti. com
[28]TMS320VC5402. pdf, form http://www.ti. com
[29]于海生 锁相同步采样谐波测量方法及其实现 电测与仪表 1999．2
[30]M29W400BT. pdf, form http://www. hqew. com
[31]EPM7128AETC100-10. pdf, form http://www. altera. com
[32]TL16C550 Datasheet[X], Texas Instruments Inc, 1998
[33]MCP2150. pdf, form http://www. hqew. com
[34]DS1305. pdf, form http://www. hqew. com
[35]MAX705. pdf, form http://www. hqew. com
[36]Development of Power Quality Monitoring System with Central Processing Scheme, Dond-Jun Won, 11 Yop Chung, Joong Moon Kim, Student Memder, IEEE,
[37]Power Quality Monitoring at the Supply Side, Mesut E. Baran, Willian F. Newell, David Hart, Jinsang Kim
[38]Roles of Intelligent Systems in Power Quality Monitoring:Past Present and Future, Alex Mceahern Senior Memder, IEEE "Intelligent System Applications to PQ Monitoring Systems" Panel Session, IEEE Summer Meeting, 2001
[39]Treds in Power Quality Monitoring, IEEE Power Engineering Review, October 2001
[40]Power Quality, By Jone Stones and Alan Collinson, Power Engineering Journal, April 2001
[41]林雪海 对电能质量改善的几点看法 电网技术 1994(7)
[42]胡铭 用户电力技术在配电系统的应用 电力自动化设备 1999(12)
[43]杨光 DSP多通道缓冲串行口SPI方式的应用 北京：电子产品世界，2002(10)
[44]戴玮 TL16C550芯片在串行通信中的应用 电气电子教学报，2003(8)
[45]朱涛 MAX125在数据采集系统中的应用 电子产品世界，2002(4)
[46]金剑 用高级语言实现DSP中断编程 国外电子元器件，2003(6)
[47]张伏生 基于虚拟仪器技术的电能质量综合测量分析系统的研制 华北电力技术，2003(6)
[48]张伟 用存储器映射的方法实现片外FLASH的擦写 半导体技术，2003(7)
[49]温静 TMS320C54X系列DSP扩展外部FLASH存储器的方法及应用 电脑开发与应用，2003(7)
[50]宋吉江 锁相环技术及CD4046的结构和应用 半导体技术，2000(6)
[51]施弈平 基于DSP的电能质量监测仪 电测与仪表，2002(1)
[52]李永坚 电能质量及其研究方法 电气时空，2001(7)
[53]张坤 基于TMS320VC5402 DMA的数据采集系统 电子设计应用，2003(9)
[54]刘亭艳 基于DSP的高速数据采集系统的研制 电子设计应用，2004(1)
[55]TEXAS DSP外设驱动程序的开发 电子设计应用，2003(7)
[56]TEXAS DSP系统电源管理技术 电子设计应用，2003(9)
[57]刘东华 基于TMS320VC5402的多通道缓冲串口的DMA方式数据传输 电子应用技术，2001(2)
[2]蒋平等 电能质量问题及其治理方法 江苏机电工程 2003．1
[3]段成刚等 新型在线实时电能质量监测设备的设计 电网技术 2004．1
[4]孙树勤 电压波动与闪变 中国电力出版社 1998
[5]林海雪 电力系统三相不平衡 中国电力出版社 1998
[6]马维新 电力系统电压 中国电力出版社 1998
[7]吴竞昌 供电系统谐波 中国电力出版社 1998
[8]林海雪等 电力网中的谐波 中国电力出版社 1998
[9]容健纲等译 电力系统谐波 华中理工大学出版社 1994
[10]McGranaghan M. Trends in power quality monitoring [J]. IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2001, 21(10):3-9, 21
[11]McEacherm A. Roles of intelligent systems in power quality monitoring: past, present and future[C].Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 2001:1103-1105
[12]DXC-1电力谐波测量仪使用说明书．国家电力公司武汉高压研究所
[13]汪安民 TMS320C54xx DSP实用技术 清华大学出版社 2002
[14]TMS320VC5402 Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, from http://www.ti. com
[15]王宝安等 基于DSP技术的电能质量监测仪研制 电力自动化设备 2003．4
[16]谢自美 电子线路设计实验测试．华中科技大学出版社，2000，7
[17]MAX125. pdf, form http://www. maxim. com
[18]国家技术监督局 电能质量 供电电压允许偏差(GB 12325-90) 北京：标准出版社，1990
[19]国家技术监督局 电能质量 三相电压允许不平衡度(GB／T 15543-1995)北京：标准出版社，1995
[20]国家技术监督局 电能质量 电力系统频率允许偏差(GB／T 15945-1995) 北京：标准出版社，1995
[21]国家技术监督局 电能质量 公用电网谐波(GB／T 14549—93)北京：标准出版社，1993
[22]A Power Quality Monitoring System: A Case Study in DSP-Based Solutions for Power Electronics, A. Lakshmikanth, Memder, IEEE, and Medhat M, Morcos, Senir memder IEEE
[23]珠海炬力集成电路设计有限公司宣传材料 http://www.actions.com.cn
[24]齐美彬 TMS320VC5402电路设计中应注意的几个问题 电子技术 2002．6
[25]邹志革等 TMS320VC5402通用I／O资源及其应用 电子技术应用 2003．4
[26]SN74LVTH16244A. pdf, form http://www. ti. com
[27]SN74LVTH16245A. pdf, form http://www. ti. com
[28]TMS320VC5402. pdf, form http://www.ti. com
[29]于海生 锁相同步采样谐波测量方法及其实现 电测与仪表 1999．2
[30]M29W400BT. pdf, form http://www. hqew. com
[31]EPM7128AETC100-10. pdf, form http://www. altera. com
[32]TL16C550 Datasheet[X], Texas Instruments Inc, 1998
[33]MCP2150. pdf, form http://www. hqew. com
[34]DS1305. pdf, form http://www. hqew. com
[35]MAX705. pdf, form http://www. hqew. com
[36]Development of Power Quality Monitoring System with Central Processing Scheme, Dond-Jun Won, 11 Yop Chung, Joong Moon Kim, Student Memder, IEEE,
[37]Power Quality Monitoring at the Supply Side, Mesut E. Baran, Willian F. Newell, David Hart, Jinsang Kim
[38]Roles of Intelligent Systems in Power Quality Monitoring:Past Present and Future, Alex Mceahern Senior Memder, IEEE "Intelligent System Applications to PQ Monitoring Systems" Panel Session, IEEE Summer Meeting, 2001
[39]Treds in Power Quality Monitoring, IEEE Power Engineering Review, October 2001
[40]Power Quality, By Jone Stones and Alan Collinson, Power Engineering Journal, April 2001
[41]林雪海 对电能质量改善的几点看法 电网技术 1994(7)
[42]胡铭 用户电力技术在配电系统的应用 电力自动化设备 1999(12)
[43]杨光 DSP多通道缓冲串行口SPI方式的应用 北京：电子产品世界，2002(10)
[44]戴玮 TL16C550芯片在串行通信中的应用 电气电子教学报，2003(8)
[45]朱涛 MAX125在数据采集系统中的应用 电子产品世界，2002(4)
[46]金剑 用高级语言实现DSP中断编程 国外电子元器件，2003(6)
[47]张伏生 基于虚拟仪器技术的电能质量综合测量分析系统的研制 华北电力技术，2003(6)
[48]张伟 用存储器映射的方法实现片外FLASH的擦写 半导体技术，2003(7)
[49]温静 TMS320C54X系列DSP扩展外部FLASH存储器的方法及应用 电脑开发与应用，2003(7)
[50]宋吉江 锁相环技术及CD4046的结构和应用 半导体技术，2000(6)
[51]施弈平 基于DSP的电能质量监测仪 电测与仪表，2002(1)
[52]李永坚 电能质量及其研究方法 电气时空，2001(7)
[53]张坤 基于TMS320VC5402 DMA的数据采集系统 电子设计应用，2003(9)
[54]刘亭艳 基于DSP的高速数据采集系统的研制 电子设计应用，2004(1)
[55]TEXAS DSP外设驱动程序的开发 电子设计应用，2003(7)
[56]TEXAS DSP系统电源管理技术 电子设计应用，2003(9)
[57]刘东华 基于TMS320VC5402的多通道缓冲串口的DMA方式数据传输 电子应用技术，2001(2)