基于FRACAS的软件缺陷预防与质量改进的实施
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摘要
FRACAS,即故障报告、分析及纠正措施系统(Failure Report, Analysis and Corrective Action System),亦称为“故障信息闭环管理系统”。该系统利用“信息反馈,闭环控制”的原理,以问题为驱动,通过一套规范化的过程,使发生的产品问题能得到及时的报告,并分析故障原因,制定和实施有效的纠正措施,以防止问题再次发生,从而实现产品可靠性增长和质量的提高。FRACAS是一套成熟的改进方法,在业界已广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、电子等领域,但却很少用于软件研发领域。本文主要记录了将FRACAS的质量改进方法应用到软件开发领域的研究过程。其中详细介绍了FRACAS各种改进应用的原理,参与角色,应用改进过程,并通过项目实例来验证改进效果。其中重点是对FRACAS多种改进应用过程的详细介绍,可以指导FRACAS改进应用的实际操作。
本文首先介绍了业界的软件通常的质量保证／改进和缺陷预防的方法,以及企业之前的做法,并分析了这些方法存在的缺点和不足。然后对FRACAS进行了详细的介绍,包括其目的,优点,改进应用方式和在其他领域的成功应用经验,并提出了将FRACAS引入软件领域进行质量改进和缺陷预防的目标。
接下来详细介绍了将FRACAS应用于软件研发领域的应用原理,参与FRACAS改进的角色职责,结合FRACAS应用和软件开发过程建立了详细的改进应用过程和步骤,包括失效模式分析,问题清零,建立知识经验库,质量回溯,经验共享,TOPN改进,项目缺陷预防共七种应用,并详细描述了这七种应用时如何配合以改进软件产品质量的。
最后通过实际项目的应用情况和度量数据来说明使用FRACAS改进的效果。对应用前后的情况进行对比,展现了实施FRACAS后的影响和变化,证明了FRACAS也适用于软件开发领域。对目前项目使用FRACAS进行质量改进过程中存在的不足也进行了总结,并制定了后续的改进方向。
FRACAS means Failure Report Analysis and Corrective Action System. The system using the principle of "information feedback, closed-loop control" and by problem-driven, through a series of standardized process can get timely reports for occurred product problem and analyse the causes of failure to establish and implement effective rectification measures to prevent the problem happening again, accordingly achieve increased product reliability and quality improvement. FRACAS, is a sophisticated improvement methods in the industry, which has been widely used in aerospace, automotive, electronics and other areas, but rarely used in software research and development. This paper mainly records the FRACAS quality improvement method that is applied to the research process of software development field. In which various improvements is described in detail as the principle of application, the role involved in, the process of applications and improvement, and demonstrate the improved results through the project examples. One focus is on detailed introduction of various improvement and application process of FRACAS, which may guide the practical operation of improvement and application.
Firstly this paper introduces the usual quality assurance, improvement and defect prevention methods in the software industry, as well as business practices before and analyzes the shortcomings of these methods and deficiencies. Then a detailed introduction is carried out for FRACAS, including its purpose, benefits, improvement and application methods and successful applications in other areas, experience, and proposed the goals that the introduction of the FRACAS into software for quality improvement and defect prevention.
Secondly it will be described in detail as the principles of the application of FRACAS into software research and development, the responsibility for participating in improving the role, combined with FRACAS application and software development process to establish a detailed application process and procedures, including failure mode analysis, clearing the problem, establishing the base of knowledge and experience, quality back, experience sharing, TOPN improvement, defect prevention project,which are a total of seven kinds of applications, and a detailed description of how to cope with the seven kinds of applications to improve the quality of software products.
Finally by the adoption of FRACAS the practical application of the project and measurement data illustrate improvement results. On the application of the situation before and after comparison, show the impact of the implementation and change after using FRACAS, proved that FRACAS also applies to software development. The deficiencies of FRACAS using the process of quality improvement for the current project have also been summarized and developed follow-up improvement direction.
本文首先介绍了业界的软件通常的质量保证／改进和缺陷预防的方法,以及企业之前的做法,并分析了这些方法存在的缺点和不足。然后对FRACAS进行了详细的介绍,包括其目的,优点,改进应用方式和在其他领域的成功应用经验,并提出了将FRACAS引入软件领域进行质量改进和缺陷预防的目标。
接下来详细介绍了将FRACAS应用于软件研发领域的应用原理,参与FRACAS改进的角色职责,结合FRACAS应用和软件开发过程建立了详细的改进应用过程和步骤,包括失效模式分析,问题清零,建立知识经验库,质量回溯,经验共享,TOPN改进,项目缺陷预防共七种应用,并详细描述了这七种应用时如何配合以改进软件产品质量的。
最后通过实际项目的应用情况和度量数据来说明使用FRACAS改进的效果。对应用前后的情况进行对比,展现了实施FRACAS后的影响和变化,证明了FRACAS也适用于软件开发领域。对目前项目使用FRACAS进行质量改进过程中存在的不足也进行了总结,并制定了后续的改进方向。
FRACAS means Failure Report Analysis and Corrective Action System. The system using the principle of "information feedback, closed-loop control" and by problem-driven, through a series of standardized process can get timely reports for occurred product problem and analyse the causes of failure to establish and implement effective rectification measures to prevent the problem happening again, accordingly achieve increased product reliability and quality improvement. FRACAS, is a sophisticated improvement methods in the industry, which has been widely used in aerospace, automotive, electronics and other areas, but rarely used in software research and development. This paper mainly records the FRACAS quality improvement method that is applied to the research process of software development field. In which various improvements is described in detail as the principle of application, the role involved in, the process of applications and improvement, and demonstrate the improved results through the project examples. One focus is on detailed introduction of various improvement and application process of FRACAS, which may guide the practical operation of improvement and application.
Firstly this paper introduces the usual quality assurance, improvement and defect prevention methods in the software industry, as well as business practices before and analyzes the shortcomings of these methods and deficiencies. Then a detailed introduction is carried out for FRACAS, including its purpose, benefits, improvement and application methods and successful applications in other areas, experience, and proposed the goals that the introduction of the FRACAS into software for quality improvement and defect prevention.
Secondly it will be described in detail as the principles of the application of FRACAS into software research and development, the responsibility for participating in improving the role, combined with FRACAS application and software development process to establish a detailed application process and procedures, including failure mode analysis, clearing the problem, establishing the base of knowledge and experience, quality back, experience sharing, TOPN improvement, defect prevention project,which are a total of seven kinds of applications, and a detailed description of how to cope with the seven kinds of applications to improve the quality of software products.
Finally by the adoption of FRACAS the practical application of the project and measurement data illustrate improvement results. On the application of the situation before and after comparison, show the impact of the implementation and change after using FRACAS, proved that FRACAS also applies to software development. The deficiencies of FRACAS using the process of quality improvement for the current project have also been summarized and developed follow-up improvement direction.
引文
[1]国际标准化组织ISO, (ISO9000:2000质量管理体系—基础和术语》,2000年12月
[2]Watts. Humphrey,《软件过程管理》,清华大学出版社,2003年4月
[3]于波,姜艳,《软件质量管理实践—软件缺陷预防、清除、管理实用方法》,电子工业出版社,2008年11月
[4]Stephen H. Kan,《软件质量工程——度量与模型》,第二版,电子工业出版社,2004年7月
[5]Glenford J.Myers,《软件测试的艺术》,第2版,机械工业出版社,2006年1月
[6]Mary Ann Vandermark, 《Defect Escape Analysis:Test Process Improvement》, stickyminds. com网站,2003年1月
[7]Brad Clark, David Zubrow, 《How Good Is the Software:A Review of Defect Prediction Techniques》, SEI网站,2001年
[8]Mario Villacourt, Pradeep Govil, (FAILURE REPORTING, ANALYSIS, AND CORRECTIVE ACTION SYSTEM),美国半导体制造技术战略联盟Sematech网站,1994年
[9]Arthur.M.Schneiderman, 《Optimum Quality Costs and Zero Defects:Are They Contradictory Concepts?》, Quality Progress,1986年11月
[10]赵高飞,陈晓彤,丁志新,(FRACAS信息化技术的运用》,电子质量期刊,2004年08期
[11]中国可靠性网,(FRACAS技术简介》,中国可靠性网站,2007年7月
[12]Sami Zahran,《软件过程改进》,机械工业出版社,2002年8月
[13]Mary Beth Chrissis.Mike Konrad, Sandy Shrum, 《CMMI——过程集成与产品改进指南(影印版)》,清华大学出版社,2004年2月
[2]Watts. Humphrey,《软件过程管理》,清华大学出版社,2003年4月
[3]于波,姜艳,《软件质量管理实践—软件缺陷预防、清除、管理实用方法》,电子工业出版社,2008年11月
[4]Stephen H. Kan,《软件质量工程——度量与模型》,第二版,电子工业出版社,2004年7月
[5]Glenford J.Myers,《软件测试的艺术》,第2版,机械工业出版社,2006年1月
[6]Mary Ann Vandermark, 《Defect Escape Analysis:Test Process Improvement》, stickyminds. com网站,2003年1月
[7]Brad Clark, David Zubrow, 《How Good Is the Software:A Review of Defect Prediction Techniques》, SEI网站,2001年
[8]Mario Villacourt, Pradeep Govil, (FAILURE REPORTING, ANALYSIS, AND CORRECTIVE ACTION SYSTEM),美国半导体制造技术战略联盟Sematech网站,1994年
[9]Arthur.M.Schneiderman, 《Optimum Quality Costs and Zero Defects:Are They Contradictory Concepts?》, Quality Progress,1986年11月
[10]赵高飞,陈晓彤,丁志新,(FRACAS信息化技术的运用》,电子质量期刊,2004年08期
[11]中国可靠性网,(FRACAS技术简介》,中国可靠性网站,2007年7月
[12]Sami Zahran,《软件过程改进》,机械工业出版社,2002年8月
[13]Mary Beth Chrissis.Mike Konrad, Sandy Shrum, 《CMMI——过程集成与产品改进指南(影印版)》,清华大学出版社,2004年2月
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