南梁煤矿长壁间隔式开采方法开采段合理长度及煤柱参数研究
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摘要
榆神、神府矿区近二十年的开采实践表明,地表厚风积沙松散层、薄基岩、浅埋煤层开采矿山压力显现强烈,上覆岩层将会沿工作面发生切落,地表出现台阶下沉,为了确保安全开采,中小矿井均采用房柱式开采方法,这不仅需要留设大量煤柱,而且形成了悬露数万甚至数十万平方米的采空区,当煤柱逐渐失去支撑能力后,顶板会发生瞬时大面积冒落,形成强烈震动与飓风,对矿井危害严重。
南梁煤矿20105工作面是长壁间隔式开采方法的首个试验面,根据工作面2种不同推进长度的矿压观测,总结了土基型浅埋煤层条件下开采矿压显现及覆岩移动规律,以及上覆岩层出现贯通裂隙的规律。试验工作面矿压观测表明开采段长度50 m是安全的,而开采段长度超过50 m存在潜在的危险,特别是工作面裂隙与地表贯通出现覆岩全厚度切落危害极大,20105工作面试验就出现了这种灾变。间隔开采参数设计要坚决避免这种灾变出现。
针对南梁煤矿长壁间隔式开采方法,引入临时煤柱和隔离煤柱概念,提出采用临时煤柱和隔离煤柱两种不同布置方式,以避免大面积垮落灾害。本文通过对间隔式开采方法煤柱应力的实际监测,验证了之前研究的隔离煤柱、临时煤柱上应力分布结论的可靠性,证明15m隔离煤柱是合理的。探测表明南梁煤矿长壁间隔式开采方法地面已经塌陷,已实现了顶板小面积无灾害垮落。通过对长壁间隔式开采方法与刀柱式开采方法进行了比较,分析了间隔式开采方法在中小型煤矿应用的优越性。
以监测工作面地质条件为原型应用FLAC3D程序对临时煤柱和隔离煤柱进行了数值模拟,理论分析和数值模拟表明采用宽度5m的临时煤柱和宽度15m的隔离煤柱布置方案能实现顶板小面积无灾害垮落,从而预防中小煤矿经常出现的顶板大面积垮落灾害,这与其它研究手段得出的结论相吻合。
Mining practice of the ShenFu mining area near 20 year indicate that pressure appearance for shallow coal bed with thick loose sand and thin bedrock is intense. Cut falls of overburden will occur along the working face, Step sink of the surface will present . To guarantee safe mining, the small mine pit have used the room column type method of exploitation, this needs not only to remain a large number of coal pillar,but forme hundreds of thousands of square meters worked-out sections. After the coal pillar loses the support ability gradually, the roof can have big area fall, and forms a strong vibration that Causes serious harm to the mine.
NanLiang coal mine 20105 working faces are first experimental face of the partitional mining method. According to field observation to 2 kind of different advancement length's working face, rule of strata pressure is summarized under condition of shallow coal bed , as well as the the rule of cracks perforated full overburden. Observation for experiments working face indicates that advance distance of 50m is safe, but distance of more than 50m has the latent danger, specially the working face cracks perforating surface and full overburden cuting fall have great harm. 20105 working face experiments has presented this kind of harm. The parameter design of partitional mining method must avoid this kind of disaster.
In view of the partitional mining method of NanLiang coal mine, the concepts of the temporary coal pillar and the isolation coal pillar are introduced. Two different arrangement ways are proposed to avoid the big area falling disaster. This article confirmes stress distribution reliability of temporary coal pillar and the isolation coal pillar studied, and proves that the 15m isolation coal pillar is reasonable. The survey indicated that ground has already caved in partitional mining method of NanLiang coal mine and realized roof small area falls without disaster. Through the coMParison of partitional mining method and the knife column method of exploitation, Superiority of the partitional mining method applicated to the middle and small scale coal mine has analyzed.
Numerical simulation of the temporary coal pillar and the isolation coal pillar are carried using the FLAC3D procedure. Theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation indicate that scheme arrangement of temporary coal pillar in width 5m and isolation coal pillar in width 15m can realize roof small area falls without the disaster. The roof big area falls disaster appeared frequently in small coal mine have been prevented. This are consistent to the conclusions obtained by other studies
南梁煤矿20105工作面是长壁间隔式开采方法的首个试验面,根据工作面2种不同推进长度的矿压观测,总结了土基型浅埋煤层条件下开采矿压显现及覆岩移动规律,以及上覆岩层出现贯通裂隙的规律。试验工作面矿压观测表明开采段长度50 m是安全的,而开采段长度超过50 m存在潜在的危险,特别是工作面裂隙与地表贯通出现覆岩全厚度切落危害极大,20105工作面试验就出现了这种灾变。间隔开采参数设计要坚决避免这种灾变出现。
针对南梁煤矿长壁间隔式开采方法,引入临时煤柱和隔离煤柱概念,提出采用临时煤柱和隔离煤柱两种不同布置方式,以避免大面积垮落灾害。本文通过对间隔式开采方法煤柱应力的实际监测,验证了之前研究的隔离煤柱、临时煤柱上应力分布结论的可靠性,证明15m隔离煤柱是合理的。探测表明南梁煤矿长壁间隔式开采方法地面已经塌陷,已实现了顶板小面积无灾害垮落。通过对长壁间隔式开采方法与刀柱式开采方法进行了比较,分析了间隔式开采方法在中小型煤矿应用的优越性。
以监测工作面地质条件为原型应用FLAC3D程序对临时煤柱和隔离煤柱进行了数值模拟,理论分析和数值模拟表明采用宽度5m的临时煤柱和宽度15m的隔离煤柱布置方案能实现顶板小面积无灾害垮落,从而预防中小煤矿经常出现的顶板大面积垮落灾害,这与其它研究手段得出的结论相吻合。
Mining practice of the ShenFu mining area near 20 year indicate that pressure appearance for shallow coal bed with thick loose sand and thin bedrock is intense. Cut falls of overburden will occur along the working face, Step sink of the surface will present . To guarantee safe mining, the small mine pit have used the room column type method of exploitation, this needs not only to remain a large number of coal pillar,but forme hundreds of thousands of square meters worked-out sections. After the coal pillar loses the support ability gradually, the roof can have big area fall, and forms a strong vibration that Causes serious harm to the mine.
NanLiang coal mine 20105 working faces are first experimental face of the partitional mining method. According to field observation to 2 kind of different advancement length's working face, rule of strata pressure is summarized under condition of shallow coal bed , as well as the the rule of cracks perforated full overburden. Observation for experiments working face indicates that advance distance of 50m is safe, but distance of more than 50m has the latent danger, specially the working face cracks perforating surface and full overburden cuting fall have great harm. 20105 working face experiments has presented this kind of harm. The parameter design of partitional mining method must avoid this kind of disaster.
In view of the partitional mining method of NanLiang coal mine, the concepts of the temporary coal pillar and the isolation coal pillar are introduced. Two different arrangement ways are proposed to avoid the big area falling disaster. This article confirmes stress distribution reliability of temporary coal pillar and the isolation coal pillar studied, and proves that the 15m isolation coal pillar is reasonable. The survey indicated that ground has already caved in partitional mining method of NanLiang coal mine and realized roof small area falls without disaster. Through the coMParison of partitional mining method and the knife column method of exploitation, Superiority of the partitional mining method applicated to the middle and small scale coal mine has analyzed.
Numerical simulation of the temporary coal pillar and the isolation coal pillar are carried using the FLAC3D procedure. Theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation indicate that scheme arrangement of temporary coal pillar in width 5m and isolation coal pillar in width 15m can realize roof small area falls without the disaster. The roof big area falls disaster appeared frequently in small coal mine have been prevented. This are consistent to the conclusions obtained by other studies
引文
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[5]西安矿业学院矿压所,神木县大贬窑煤矿.大贬窑煤矿202刀柱式长壁工作面合理开采参数研究报告.西安:西安矿业学院,1996.
[6]黄庆享,刘文岗,田银素.浅埋煤层大采高矿压显现规律实测研究.矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,NO.3:57~58.
[7]杨景才.厚风积沙下浅埋工作面安全开采技术研究.辽宁工程科技大学,2003, 22(5):12~16.
[8]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征及浅埋煤层的定义.岩石力学与工程学报,第21卷第8期2002.
[9] [澳]B.霍勃尔依特等.浅部长壁法开采效果的地质技术评价.煤炭科研参考资料,1985.
[10] HollaL,Buizen M.Strata Movement due to Shallow Long wall Mining and the Effection Ground Permeability[J].Aus.Imm Bulletin and Proceedings,1990,295(1).
[11] SmithGJ,Rosenbaum MS.Recent Under ground Investigation of AbandOned Chalk Mine Workings beneath Norwich City Norfolk[J].Engineering Geol-ogy,1993,36(1-2).
[12]Miller RD,Steeples DW,SchulteL.Shallow Seismic Reflection Study of Salt Dissolution Well Field near HutchinsonKS[J].Mining Engineering (Littleton Colorado),1993,45(10).
[13]Henson HJ,Sexton JL.Primary study of Shallow Coal Seams Using High Resolution Seismic Reflection Methods[J].Geophysics,1991,56(9).
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[15]Rajendra Singh, Singh T N, Bharaf B. Dhar. Coal pillar loading in shallow conditions. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abatracts, 1996.53(8).
[16]Henson HJ,Sexton JL.Primary study of Shallow Coal Seams Using High Resolution Seismic Reflection Methods[J].Geophysics,1991,56(9).
[17]Tan Yun liang.Discussion of“Anti-elasticity”Mechanism and Its Engi-neering Significance.Mechanics and Practice,1996,18(2).
[18]杜计平.煤矿深井采场矿压显现及其控制特点.中国矿业大学学报,2000,29,NO.1.
[19]华能精煤神府公司大柳塔煤矿,西安矿业学院矿压研究室.大柳塔煤矿C202工作面矿压观测研究报告.陕西煤炭技术,1991(3):23～27.
[20]赵宏珠.浅埋采动煤层工作面矿压规律研究.矿山压力与顶板管理.1996,NO.2:23～27.
[21]赵宏珠.浅埋深整体性强的软岩条件下的长壁综合机械化开采.中国煤炭,1996,25(6): 52～56.
[22]赵宏珠.印度浅埋深难垮顶板煤层地面爆破综采研究.矿山压力与顶板管理,1999,NO.3: 57-60.
[23]张世凯,王永申,李钢.厚松散层薄基岩煤层矿压显现规律.矿山压力与顶板管理1998,NO3煤炭科学研究总院唐山分院.
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