荆江-洞庭湖耦合系统水动力学研究
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摘要
荆江和洞庭湖地区历来都是长江流域洪涝灾害最频繁的地区。三峡工程的建成运行又给这一地区带来了许多新的变化,直接影响其防洪形势。在新的情况下,如何正确处理人与自然的关系,上游和下游的关系,干流和湖区的关系,从而实现江湖地区的长治久安,有一系列重大问题需要深入研究。
针对荆江-洞庭湖耦合系统水系复杂的特点,建立了与之相适应的荆江和洞庭湖一、二维耦合非恒定流水动力学模型。模型将荆江和三口河系作为一维河网处理,将洞庭湖区作为二维浅水湖泊处理,通过对不同类型的典型洪水进行验证计算,论证了模型的精确性。论文同时还尝试建立了荆江和洞庭湖整体二维水动力学模型。并通过与一、二维耦合模型的对比,认清了两种模型各自的优点和缺点。
应用建立的耦合水动力学数学模型计算分析了三峡工程运用后,不同的调度方式对长江中游防洪形势的影响。计算结果表明:三峡工程不同调度方式对同一场洪水的防洪效果和相同调度方案对不同类型洪水所起作用差异很大。实际操作中,应根据洪水的特征灵活采用,使洪水分配更为合理,以最大限度的发挥三峡水库的防洪作用。
论文也计算了洞庭湖区几项倍受关注的治理方案对长江中游防洪形势的影响,包括三口建闸、松滋河系整治和藕池河系整治等,评价了各方案的可行性。松滋口建闸对几类典型洪水影响的计算表明,松滋口建闸将为江湖流量的重新分配增加一种选择,建闸能有效改善西洞庭湖的防洪形势,同时遇一般类型洪水也不会对荆江造成过大压力,但松滋口闸的调度方案必须与三峡的调度方案统筹协调,才可以做到江湖两利。
采用带旋流修正的三维紊流模型对影响江湖耦合系统水动力学特性的几个重要因素进行了研究,包括连续弯道水流特点、裁弯对上下游水流形态及防洪形势的影响、分汊河道分流分沙规律等。
Flooding has been a big threaten to the area nearby Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake. The Three Gorges Project (TGP) is expected to improve this situation but it is also expected to bring many other changes to the dynamic properties of Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake as a coupled system. The purpose of this study is investigate the behavior of flood in Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake, as well as its relation with the operation of TGP.
A numerical model based on the finite difference solution of Saint-Venant equation for river flows and the shallow water equation for flows in the lake is developed to describe the flood in Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake. Its validity is verified by comparing numerical results with measured data of water level at critical stations during flood season. The model is also shown to be advantageous when comparing with a fully two-dimensional model based on finite volume solution of the shallow water equation.
Various operation schemes of TGP for flood control is critically verified. The numerical results indicate that the efficiency of the different operation scheme of TGP depends to a large extent on the type of the flood. That means, the operation scheme of TGP may have to be some flexibility if realtime information on flood from important tributaries flowing into this area.
The performance of several important engineering projects planed to improve the flow condition in Dongting Lake, including construction of a floodgate in rivers diversing water from Jingjiang River to Dongting Lake, regulation of Songzi river and Ouchi river, are also evaluated. It is shown that the floodgate of Songzi river can be a measure to redistribute the discharge between the River and the Lake. It will improve the situation of the west Dongting Lake and will not add too more pressure on Jingjiang River under a usual condition. However, the operation of the floodgate must follow the operation of TGP.
A three-dimensional numerical model, including the realizable eddy viscosity model for the turbulence, is employed to investigate some important phenomena in the river-lake coupled system. The phenomena include the complex flow characters in successive bend river, the effect of river cutoffs, the three-dimensional flow structure and the sediment diversion ratio of a branch river.
针对荆江-洞庭湖耦合系统水系复杂的特点,建立了与之相适应的荆江和洞庭湖一、二维耦合非恒定流水动力学模型。模型将荆江和三口河系作为一维河网处理,将洞庭湖区作为二维浅水湖泊处理,通过对不同类型的典型洪水进行验证计算,论证了模型的精确性。论文同时还尝试建立了荆江和洞庭湖整体二维水动力学模型。并通过与一、二维耦合模型的对比,认清了两种模型各自的优点和缺点。
应用建立的耦合水动力学数学模型计算分析了三峡工程运用后,不同的调度方式对长江中游防洪形势的影响。计算结果表明:三峡工程不同调度方式对同一场洪水的防洪效果和相同调度方案对不同类型洪水所起作用差异很大。实际操作中,应根据洪水的特征灵活采用,使洪水分配更为合理,以最大限度的发挥三峡水库的防洪作用。
论文也计算了洞庭湖区几项倍受关注的治理方案对长江中游防洪形势的影响,包括三口建闸、松滋河系整治和藕池河系整治等,评价了各方案的可行性。松滋口建闸对几类典型洪水影响的计算表明,松滋口建闸将为江湖流量的重新分配增加一种选择,建闸能有效改善西洞庭湖的防洪形势,同时遇一般类型洪水也不会对荆江造成过大压力,但松滋口闸的调度方案必须与三峡的调度方案统筹协调,才可以做到江湖两利。
采用带旋流修正的三维紊流模型对影响江湖耦合系统水动力学特性的几个重要因素进行了研究,包括连续弯道水流特点、裁弯对上下游水流形态及防洪形势的影响、分汊河道分流分沙规律等。
Flooding has been a big threaten to the area nearby Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake. The Three Gorges Project (TGP) is expected to improve this situation but it is also expected to bring many other changes to the dynamic properties of Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake as a coupled system. The purpose of this study is investigate the behavior of flood in Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake, as well as its relation with the operation of TGP.
A numerical model based on the finite difference solution of Saint-Venant equation for river flows and the shallow water equation for flows in the lake is developed to describe the flood in Jingjiang River and Dongting Lake. Its validity is verified by comparing numerical results with measured data of water level at critical stations during flood season. The model is also shown to be advantageous when comparing with a fully two-dimensional model based on finite volume solution of the shallow water equation.
Various operation schemes of TGP for flood control is critically verified. The numerical results indicate that the efficiency of the different operation scheme of TGP depends to a large extent on the type of the flood. That means, the operation scheme of TGP may have to be some flexibility if realtime information on flood from important tributaries flowing into this area.
The performance of several important engineering projects planed to improve the flow condition in Dongting Lake, including construction of a floodgate in rivers diversing water from Jingjiang River to Dongting Lake, regulation of Songzi river and Ouchi river, are also evaluated. It is shown that the floodgate of Songzi river can be a measure to redistribute the discharge between the River and the Lake. It will improve the situation of the west Dongting Lake and will not add too more pressure on Jingjiang River under a usual condition. However, the operation of the floodgate must follow the operation of TGP.
A three-dimensional numerical model, including the realizable eddy viscosity model for the turbulence, is employed to investigate some important phenomena in the river-lake coupled system. The phenomena include the complex flow characters in successive bend river, the effect of river cutoffs, the three-dimensional flow structure and the sediment diversion ratio of a branch river.
引文
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