Mike11在盘锦双台子河口感潮段的应用研究
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摘要
平原河网地区是城市发达、人口众多的地区,同时水系错综复杂,水流运动复杂多变。感潮河段是河流与海洋的过渡段,在该河段上,一方面有来自上游径流的影响,另一方面又受到下游潮汐的作用,是受径流和潮流共同作用的河段,水情多变,流态不稳,流向多变。由于自身条件的复杂性,大多数情况下只能采用数值方法进行模拟,其核心问题是河网数学模型的建立及求解,而建立水动力学模型是建立其它模型的基础。
本文以科技部国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项辽河项目(2008ZX07208-009)为依托,在综合分析双台子河口感潮河网水动力条件的基础上,利用收集到的河道水文、气象、河道断面等资料,结合现场实测数据,基于丹麦DHI Mike11模型系统,建立感潮河段水动力-水质耦合模型。利用实测水位、盐度数据率定河道糙率系数(n)和河流纵向离散系数(Ex),并验证所建模型的合理性。取得的研究成果如下:
(1)计算水位与实测值吻合较好,平均误差小于15%。同时对影响张明甲监测点水位的河道糙率参数进行了局部灵敏度分析,表明监测点处水位对双台子河中游糙率改变最为敏感,下游次之,上游最低;对绕阳河上游的糙率不灵敏,绕阳河下游河道糙率比上游对张明甲站的计算水位影响大。模拟发现,糙率对潮水传播周期及潮差受糙率影响较大。苇田三次灌溉期内绕阳河纳潮量在丰水年分别为1.09×10~7、1.17×10~7、1.61×10~7 m~3;平水年为1.35×10~7、1.3×10~7、2.54×10~7 m~3;枯水年为0.98×10~7、1.24×10~7、1.999×10~7m~3。
(2)以苇田夏灌期为例,利用所建模型分析了在双台子河上游有汇流和无汇流两种水文条件下橡胶坝对支流绕阳河纳潮的影响。研究表明,在两种水文情景下,建橡胶坝后纳潮量分别增加18.3%和16.9%,最大流量分别增加了32.7%和31.2%。另外,双台子河下游修建拦河橡胶坝对绕阳河纳潮盐度变化影响不大,可满足灌溉苇田对盐度的要求。
(3)考虑上游10年一遇、20年一遇、50年一遇等不同频率洪水位、下游10年一遇高潮位及区间强降雨遭遇的多种不同水文条件组合,以建立好的水动力模型为基础,分析双台子河干流及支流绕阳河的最高防洪水位。同时,以建闸以来最大洪水为例,模拟了现状河道在此不利条件下的洪水位。分析表明双台子河和绕阳河的现状河道的防洪能力较低,不能抵御高位洪水。计算结果可作为双台子河及绕阳河河堤洪水位的设计标准,并为河道整治、河堤修整提供科学依据。
The plain river network region is developed place and has a large population. In river network, water system is very complex, and the water flow is intricate. The tidal river is transition section of river and ocean. In this section, water is not only influenced by upstream runoff, but also influenced by downstream estuary tide. The water regime is changeable, flow regime is unstable, and flow direction is changing at any time. Due to complexity of self-conditions, we could simulate water flow only using numerical method in most situations. The core problem is the establishment and solution of numeric model for river network. Meanwhile, establishing hydrodynamic model is the base of establishing other models.
This paper is supported by National Science and Technology Major Project for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (NO. 2008ZX07208-009). On the basis of analyzing hydrodynamic conditions of Shuangtaizi Estuary, tidal river hydrodynamic and water quality model is established based on DHI Mike11 model system using collected river water regime, weather data and measured river salinity data. The river channel roughness n and longitudinal dispersion coefficient Ex are calibrated through measured water level and salinity data respectively. And then the rationality of model is validated. The major contents and research results are as follows:
(1) The computation results show that the modeled level and measured level coincide well, the mean error is less than 15%. The local sensitivity analysis for channel roughness reveal that the water level of zhangmingjia monitoring station has the highest sensitivity while changing midstream channel roughness, downstream channel roughness takes the second place; the channel roughness of upstream has the lowest sensitivity. Downstream roughness of Raoyang River is larger than upstream. The upstream channel roughness sensitivity of Raoyang River could neglect compared with other reaches. Meanwhile, the roughness affects tidewater transmission period and tidal range. The volume of tidal prism of Raoyang River during three irrigation periods in wet year is respectively The proportion of upstream tidewater in the total demand water of reed field in three irrigation periods for wet year is respectively 1.09×10~7、1.17×10~7、1.61×10~7m~3. It's 1.35×10~7、1.3×10~7、2.54×10~7 m~3 for normal year;and 0.98×10~7、1.24×10~7、1.999×10~7m~3 for dry year.
(2) Effects of rubber dam in the downstream of Shuangtaizi River on the tidal prism of Raoyang River were studied using the hydrodynamic and water quality model. The results show that the construction of rubber dam could increase the tidal prism significantly. Under the two hydrological scenarios, the tidal prisms of tributary increased by 18.3% and 16.9%, respectively. And the maximum tidal quantity in the Wanjintan gate increase by 32.7% and 31.2%, respectively. The construction of rubber dam has little effect on the salinity of tidal prism which is below the salinity limitation (<5‰) for irrigating. Therefore, water in Raoyang River can be used to irrigate reed field in summer.
(3) The flood control level of Shuangtaizi River and its tributary-Raoyang River, are simulated under 5 disadvantageous combinations of upstream water level, downstream tide level and the regional drainage due to local heavy rainfall. Meanwhile, the flood control level for two sides of river reaches is simulated under the maximum flood level after constructing Panshan gate, the maximum measured tide level at estuary, and strong rainfall. But, the results of simulating reveal that flood control standard of Shuangtaizi and Raoyang River is generally low. The current situation of river levee can’t resist high level flood. The computation results can provide scientific basis for river channel regulation and levee reinforcement of Shuangtaizi River and Raoyang River.
本文以科技部国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项辽河项目(2008ZX07208-009)为依托,在综合分析双台子河口感潮河网水动力条件的基础上,利用收集到的河道水文、气象、河道断面等资料,结合现场实测数据,基于丹麦DHI Mike11模型系统,建立感潮河段水动力-水质耦合模型。利用实测水位、盐度数据率定河道糙率系数(n)和河流纵向离散系数(Ex),并验证所建模型的合理性。取得的研究成果如下:
(1)计算水位与实测值吻合较好,平均误差小于15%。同时对影响张明甲监测点水位的河道糙率参数进行了局部灵敏度分析,表明监测点处水位对双台子河中游糙率改变最为敏感,下游次之,上游最低;对绕阳河上游的糙率不灵敏,绕阳河下游河道糙率比上游对张明甲站的计算水位影响大。模拟发现,糙率对潮水传播周期及潮差受糙率影响较大。苇田三次灌溉期内绕阳河纳潮量在丰水年分别为1.09×10~7、1.17×10~7、1.61×10~7 m~3;平水年为1.35×10~7、1.3×10~7、2.54×10~7 m~3;枯水年为0.98×10~7、1.24×10~7、1.999×10~7m~3。
(2)以苇田夏灌期为例,利用所建模型分析了在双台子河上游有汇流和无汇流两种水文条件下橡胶坝对支流绕阳河纳潮的影响。研究表明,在两种水文情景下,建橡胶坝后纳潮量分别增加18.3%和16.9%,最大流量分别增加了32.7%和31.2%。另外,双台子河下游修建拦河橡胶坝对绕阳河纳潮盐度变化影响不大,可满足灌溉苇田对盐度的要求。
(3)考虑上游10年一遇、20年一遇、50年一遇等不同频率洪水位、下游10年一遇高潮位及区间强降雨遭遇的多种不同水文条件组合,以建立好的水动力模型为基础,分析双台子河干流及支流绕阳河的最高防洪水位。同时,以建闸以来最大洪水为例,模拟了现状河道在此不利条件下的洪水位。分析表明双台子河和绕阳河的现状河道的防洪能力较低,不能抵御高位洪水。计算结果可作为双台子河及绕阳河河堤洪水位的设计标准,并为河道整治、河堤修整提供科学依据。
The plain river network region is developed place and has a large population. In river network, water system is very complex, and the water flow is intricate. The tidal river is transition section of river and ocean. In this section, water is not only influenced by upstream runoff, but also influenced by downstream estuary tide. The water regime is changeable, flow regime is unstable, and flow direction is changing at any time. Due to complexity of self-conditions, we could simulate water flow only using numerical method in most situations. The core problem is the establishment and solution of numeric model for river network. Meanwhile, establishing hydrodynamic model is the base of establishing other models.
This paper is supported by National Science and Technology Major Project for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (NO. 2008ZX07208-009). On the basis of analyzing hydrodynamic conditions of Shuangtaizi Estuary, tidal river hydrodynamic and water quality model is established based on DHI Mike11 model system using collected river water regime, weather data and measured river salinity data. The river channel roughness n and longitudinal dispersion coefficient Ex are calibrated through measured water level and salinity data respectively. And then the rationality of model is validated. The major contents and research results are as follows:
(1) The computation results show that the modeled level and measured level coincide well, the mean error is less than 15%. The local sensitivity analysis for channel roughness reveal that the water level of zhangmingjia monitoring station has the highest sensitivity while changing midstream channel roughness, downstream channel roughness takes the second place; the channel roughness of upstream has the lowest sensitivity. Downstream roughness of Raoyang River is larger than upstream. The upstream channel roughness sensitivity of Raoyang River could neglect compared with other reaches. Meanwhile, the roughness affects tidewater transmission period and tidal range. The volume of tidal prism of Raoyang River during three irrigation periods in wet year is respectively The proportion of upstream tidewater in the total demand water of reed field in three irrigation periods for wet year is respectively 1.09×10~7、1.17×10~7、1.61×10~7m~3. It's 1.35×10~7、1.3×10~7、2.54×10~7 m~3 for normal year;and 0.98×10~7、1.24×10~7、1.999×10~7m~3 for dry year.
(2) Effects of rubber dam in the downstream of Shuangtaizi River on the tidal prism of Raoyang River were studied using the hydrodynamic and water quality model. The results show that the construction of rubber dam could increase the tidal prism significantly. Under the two hydrological scenarios, the tidal prisms of tributary increased by 18.3% and 16.9%, respectively. And the maximum tidal quantity in the Wanjintan gate increase by 32.7% and 31.2%, respectively. The construction of rubber dam has little effect on the salinity of tidal prism which is below the salinity limitation (<5‰) for irrigating. Therefore, water in Raoyang River can be used to irrigate reed field in summer.
(3) The flood control level of Shuangtaizi River and its tributary-Raoyang River, are simulated under 5 disadvantageous combinations of upstream water level, downstream tide level and the regional drainage due to local heavy rainfall. Meanwhile, the flood control level for two sides of river reaches is simulated under the maximum flood level after constructing Panshan gate, the maximum measured tide level at estuary, and strong rainfall. But, the results of simulating reveal that flood control standard of Shuangtaizi and Raoyang River is generally low. The current situation of river levee can’t resist high level flood. The computation results can provide scientific basis for river channel regulation and levee reinforcement of Shuangtaizi River and Raoyang River.
引文
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