水闸调度对河流水质作用机制及可调性研究
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摘要
水是人类不可缺少的宝贵资源,为了满足人类对水资源合理分配的要求,河道上修建了大量的水闸等水利工程。然而,水闸的存在改变了天然河流的水流状态,并对水体中污染物的迁移转化过程产生一定的影响。水闸对河流环境的负面影响已逐步被证实,目前,如何合理利用水闸调度改善河流水质,以及水闸调度与水质浓度变化的关系问题越来越受到研究人员的关注。本文从这些问题出发,开展了以下几个方面的具体工作：
(1)闸控河段水质转化机理及数学模型研制。以关闸蓄水和开闸放水两个阶段污染物的迁移转化规律,对闸控河段水质转化关系进行分析发现：关闸蓄水时,污染物的迁移转化主要以沉降作用为主；而开闸放水时,污染物的迁移转化主要以底泥的再悬浮作用为主。在此基础上,构建了具有严格物理机制的水闸调度影响模型,包括基于水闸调控的一维水动力模型和考虑底泥作用的水环境模型,并根据实测资料对模型进行参数率定和模拟结果的验证,模型能较好的模拟上述污染物迁移转化过程。
(2)水质浓度影响因子识别及量化关系研究。闸控河段水质浓度变化过程主要受上游来水条件和区间排污过程的影响,同时还受到水闸调度方式的影响。因此,在评估上述影响因子对水质浓度的影响的基础上,进一步构建了水闸调度与水质浓度、污染物负荷与水质浓度的量化关系。结果表明,闸控水质浓度变化率与水闸调度方式(闸门开度、闸门开启个数)有乘幂关系、与来水污染负荷有对数关系,间接的反映出了闸控河段水闸调度、污染负荷与水质浓度变化之间的复杂非线性关系。
(3)水闸对水质改善的可调性研究。主要从可调性定义及内涵的界定,可调性判别方法展开讨论,并对槐店闸、周口闸、阜阳闸和颍上闸的可调性进行了判别,进而发现,水闸在污染负荷较大时,水闸调度对水质有较好的改善作用(即可调性较好),但污染负荷较小时,水闸调度对水质改善的可调性较差,甚至无可调性。
(4)研发了闸坝调控对水质影响模拟与关系识别系统。以计算机可视化技术为支撑,运用相关理论,以实用为主要开发原则,开发出适应于水闸调度、排污及暴雨对河流水质影响模拟的软件系统。
本文是水闸调度对河流水质作用机制及可调性研究的一次有益探索,为水闸调度与水质浓度变化的关系及对河流水质改善的可调性研究奠定了基础,为合理利用水闸调度改善河流水环境状况的实施提供了科学依据。
Water is essential to humanity, and a large number of sulices are built to satisfy the requirements of rational water resources allocation in the river. However, natural rivers'flow regimes have been changed because of the existence of sluice, and migration and transformation processes of pollutants in water is also affected by building sluice. The negative impact of sluice on the water environment has gradually been confirmed, and now experts and scholars are committing to research on improving water environment by rational sluice scheduling and the relationshiop between sluice scheduling and diversification of pollutants concentration in river. To solve these problems, This paper carried out several specific works as follows:
(1)Water quality conversion in the river reaches controlled by sluice (RCS) and the development of the mathematical model. Based on the migration and transformation regularity when the gates of sluice were opened and closed, water quality conversion in RCS is analyzed,and the results indicate that the sedimentation dominates pollutants'migration and transformation progress when impoundment, but the resuspension dominates when drainagement.Then,the hydrodynamic model considered sluice operation action and water environment model considered endogenous substance exchange action are built. Combined with the observed data during the monitoring experiment, the models are verified and the parameters are calibrated, and the migration and transformation progresses can be simulated well.
(2) Water quality factors recognition and study of quantitative relationship. River water quality and quantit dominate the change process of water quality concentration, but the sluice scheduling is an important influence factor in RCS. According to assess the influence of these factors, The exponentiation relationship expressions between the concentration change rate and operation factors (such as gater opening size and number) in RCS, the logarithmic relationship expressions between the concentration change rate and sewage in RCS are both established, and these expressions relect the relationships among water quality concentration,operation factors and sewage indirectly.
(3) Research on adjustable examination of dam on water quality improvement. The adjustable of sluice scheduling on river water quality improvement is defined,and the discrimination method of adjustable is development.Then,four antifouling sluices' adjustable are distinguished with the above method. According to the results,the author found that water quality can be improved some extently by the sluices scheduling and the sluices have a good level adjustable when sewage hevaily;In contrast, water quality cann't be improved by the sluices scheduling and the sluices have poor adjustable, even have no adjustable.
(4) Research and development of system of the simulation of sluice scheduling action to water quality and. the relationships recognition.Based on Visualization Technology, relevant theory and practical principles,the systerm is developed,and it adapts to simulate the impacts on river water quality of sluice scheduling,sewage and storm.
This paper is a benefieial exploration of searehing for mechanism of sluice scheduling action to revier water quality and study of the sluice'adjustable. It lays the theoretical foundation for study of relationship between pollutants concentration change and sluice operation factors and study of adjustable of water quality improvement by sluice scheduling, Provides scientific basis for reasonable sluice scheduling to improve water envionment.
(1)闸控河段水质转化机理及数学模型研制。以关闸蓄水和开闸放水两个阶段污染物的迁移转化规律,对闸控河段水质转化关系进行分析发现：关闸蓄水时,污染物的迁移转化主要以沉降作用为主；而开闸放水时,污染物的迁移转化主要以底泥的再悬浮作用为主。在此基础上,构建了具有严格物理机制的水闸调度影响模型,包括基于水闸调控的一维水动力模型和考虑底泥作用的水环境模型,并根据实测资料对模型进行参数率定和模拟结果的验证,模型能较好的模拟上述污染物迁移转化过程。
(2)水质浓度影响因子识别及量化关系研究。闸控河段水质浓度变化过程主要受上游来水条件和区间排污过程的影响,同时还受到水闸调度方式的影响。因此,在评估上述影响因子对水质浓度的影响的基础上,进一步构建了水闸调度与水质浓度、污染物负荷与水质浓度的量化关系。结果表明,闸控水质浓度变化率与水闸调度方式(闸门开度、闸门开启个数)有乘幂关系、与来水污染负荷有对数关系,间接的反映出了闸控河段水闸调度、污染负荷与水质浓度变化之间的复杂非线性关系。
(3)水闸对水质改善的可调性研究。主要从可调性定义及内涵的界定,可调性判别方法展开讨论,并对槐店闸、周口闸、阜阳闸和颍上闸的可调性进行了判别,进而发现,水闸在污染负荷较大时,水闸调度对水质有较好的改善作用(即可调性较好),但污染负荷较小时,水闸调度对水质改善的可调性较差,甚至无可调性。
(4)研发了闸坝调控对水质影响模拟与关系识别系统。以计算机可视化技术为支撑,运用相关理论,以实用为主要开发原则,开发出适应于水闸调度、排污及暴雨对河流水质影响模拟的软件系统。
本文是水闸调度对河流水质作用机制及可调性研究的一次有益探索,为水闸调度与水质浓度变化的关系及对河流水质改善的可调性研究奠定了基础,为合理利用水闸调度改善河流水环境状况的实施提供了科学依据。
Water is essential to humanity, and a large number of sulices are built to satisfy the requirements of rational water resources allocation in the river. However, natural rivers'flow regimes have been changed because of the existence of sluice, and migration and transformation processes of pollutants in water is also affected by building sluice. The negative impact of sluice on the water environment has gradually been confirmed, and now experts and scholars are committing to research on improving water environment by rational sluice scheduling and the relationshiop between sluice scheduling and diversification of pollutants concentration in river. To solve these problems, This paper carried out several specific works as follows:
(1)Water quality conversion in the river reaches controlled by sluice (RCS) and the development of the mathematical model. Based on the migration and transformation regularity when the gates of sluice were opened and closed, water quality conversion in RCS is analyzed,and the results indicate that the sedimentation dominates pollutants'migration and transformation progress when impoundment, but the resuspension dominates when drainagement.Then,the hydrodynamic model considered sluice operation action and water environment model considered endogenous substance exchange action are built. Combined with the observed data during the monitoring experiment, the models are verified and the parameters are calibrated, and the migration and transformation progresses can be simulated well.
(2) Water quality factors recognition and study of quantitative relationship. River water quality and quantit dominate the change process of water quality concentration, but the sluice scheduling is an important influence factor in RCS. According to assess the influence of these factors, The exponentiation relationship expressions between the concentration change rate and operation factors (such as gater opening size and number) in RCS, the logarithmic relationship expressions between the concentration change rate and sewage in RCS are both established, and these expressions relect the relationships among water quality concentration,operation factors and sewage indirectly.
(3) Research on adjustable examination of dam on water quality improvement. The adjustable of sluice scheduling on river water quality improvement is defined,and the discrimination method of adjustable is development.Then,four antifouling sluices' adjustable are distinguished with the above method. According to the results,the author found that water quality can be improved some extently by the sluices scheduling and the sluices have a good level adjustable when sewage hevaily;In contrast, water quality cann't be improved by the sluices scheduling and the sluices have poor adjustable, even have no adjustable.
(4) Research and development of system of the simulation of sluice scheduling action to water quality and. the relationships recognition.Based on Visualization Technology, relevant theory and practical principles,the systerm is developed,and it adapts to simulate the impacts on river water quality of sluice scheduling,sewage and storm.
This paper is a benefieial exploration of searehing for mechanism of sluice scheduling action to revier water quality and study of the sluice'adjustable. It lays the theoretical foundation for study of relationship between pollutants concentration change and sluice operation factors and study of adjustable of water quality improvement by sluice scheduling, Provides scientific basis for reasonable sluice scheduling to improve water envionment.
引文
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