利用聚苯胺强化分离膜性能研究
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摘要
膜分离技术是一门新型高效的分离、浓缩、提纯和净化技术。分离膜是膜技术的核心，开发高性能的膜对拓展膜技术应用至关重要。本文研究了利用聚苯胺（PANI）强化聚砜（PSf）超滤膜和聚乙烯胺（PVAm）气体分离膜性能。
利用浸没沉淀相转化法，以PANI纳米纤维和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为添加剂共混改性PSf超滤膜，分析并比较两种添加剂对成膜过程、膜结构和膜性能的影响。当添加剂含量小于0.5wt%时，PSf/PANI纳米复合膜的纯水通量明显高于PSf/PVP复合膜，对BSA的截留率都达到98%以上。相对PSf/PVP复合膜，PSf/PANI纳米复合膜在抗污染性能、机械性能和热稳定性能上具有明显优势。
利用原相聚合共混法制备PSf/PANI纳米复合超滤膜。在相转化成膜过程中，苯胺低聚体和聚苯胺纳米球均自发向界面处迁移，大部分苯胺低聚体溶出到凝固浴中，大部分聚苯胺纳米球存留在膜内。相对PSf膜，共混膜的表面亲水性得到改善，表面平均孔径和孔隙率有所增加，断面结构的指状孔具有良好的垂直贯通性。PSf/PANI纳米复合膜的纯水通量可达到纯聚砜膜的1.7~4.1倍，对BSA的截留率可达96%以上。此外，PSf/PANI纳米复合膜具有较高的通量恢复率。
以本征态聚苯胺（PANiEB）为添加剂制备PSf/PANiEB超滤膜。PSf/PANiEB膜在0.30MPa TMP下显示出良好的耐压密性，经过60分钟的预压，通量下降幅度均小于30%。在0.20MPa TMP下，PSf/PANiEB膜的纯水通量可达PSf膜的2.9倍，BSA的截留率在98%以上。BSA溶液超滤中，相比PSf膜，PSf/PANiEB膜具有更高的渗透通量和通量恢复率。采用分散聚合法合成易分散的PANI-PVP纳米复合材料，并以其为添加剂制备纳米复合超滤膜。PANI-PVP纳米复合材料在铸膜液中具有良好的分散性和稳定性。相对PSf膜，纳米复合膜的表面平均孔径和孔隙率得到明显增加，大空腔结构增多，孔道之间的贯通性增强，亲水性大幅改善。纳米复合膜的纯水通量为PSf膜的1.8~3.5倍，BSA的截留率保持在97%以上，BSA溶液超滤90分钟后的通量保留率在71%~80%，明显高于PSf膜。
以聚苯胺为添加剂制备PVAm-PANI/PSf气体分离膜。对于CO_2/N_2混合气体系（15vol%CO_2+85vol%N_2），聚苯胺的适量添加可以同时提高膜的CO_2渗透速率和CO_2/N_2分离因子。通过考察涂膜液中PANI与PVAm质量比及湿涂层厚度对膜性能的影响，获得适宜的制膜工艺参数。当湿涂层厚度为50μm，涂膜液中PANI与PVAm质量比为0.2时，PVAm-PANI/PSf复合膜在进料气压力为0.15、0.5和1.5MPa下，CO_2渗透速率分别为2034、951和161GPU，CO_2/N_2分离因子分别为159、102和49。
Membrane separation is an advanced technology for concentration andpurification. Membrane is the key of membrane process, and the development ofmembrane with high performance has significant meaning for membrane technology.This work have investigated the enhancement of polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration (UF)membrane performance and polyvinylamine (PVAm) gas separation membrane usingpolyaniline (PANI).
PSf/PANI nanocomposite membranes and PSf/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)membranes were prepared through immersion phase inversion using PANI nanofibersand PVP as the additives, respectively. The effects of the additives on membraneformation process, membrane structure and performance had been analyzed andcompared. When the additive contents were below0.5wt%, PSf/PANI nanocompositemembranes had higher pure water flux than PSf/PVP membranes. BSA rejection ofthe membranes was all above98%. Compared with PSf/PVP membranes, PSf/PANInanocomposite membranes had better antifouling property, mechanical strength andthermal stability.
To solve the agglomeration problem of nanomaterial, PSf/PANI nanocompositemembrane was prepared using in situ blending method. During membrane formationprocess, PANI oligomers and PANI nanospheres can migrate spontaneously to themembrane/water interface. Compared with PSf membrane, nanocompositemembranes had higher surface hydrophilicity, surface pore size and porosity. Theacicular pores in the cross-section structure of nanocomposite membranes almostdisappeared and the finger-like pores became longer and better verticallyinterconnected with transfixion from membrane toplayer to sublayer. The pure waterflux of PSf/PANI nanocomposite membranes reached to1.7~4.1times that of PSfmembrane. BSA rejection kept above96%. Moreover, PSf/PANI nanocompositemembranes had higher flux recovery ratio.
PSf/PANiEB ultrafiltration membrane was prepared using PANiEB (emeraldinebase polyaniline) as the additive. PSf/PANiEB membranes exhibited much morestable pure water flux under0.30MPa TMP. After about60min of compaction,PSf/PANiEB membranes had the pure water fluxes decrement lower than30%. At 0.20MPa TMP, the pure water flux of PSf/PANiEB membrane was2.9times that ofPSf membrane. BSA rejections of the membranes were in the range of98.2%~98.6%.During BSA ultrafiltration, PSf/PANiEB membranes had higher flux and fluxrecovery ratio than PSf membrane. Well-dispersed PANI-PVP nanocomposite wassynthesized through dispersed polymerization and used as the additive to preparePSf/PANI-PVP nanocomposite membranes. PANI-PVP nanocomposite could stablyand long-term disperse into the casting solutions. Compared with PSf membrane,PSf/PANI-PVP nanocomposite membranes had higher surface pore size and porosity,larger macrovoids, better pore interconnection and hydrophilicity. Pure water fluxes ofnanocomposite membranes were1.8~3.5times that of PSf membrane. BSA rejectionsof all the membranes kept above97%. After BSA ultrafiltration for90min, fluxretentions of nanocomposite membranes were71%~80%, which was higher than thatof PSf membrane.
PVAm-PANI/PSf gas separation membranes were prepared using PANI as theadditive. In the tests with CO_2/N_2mixed gas (containing15vol%CO_2and85vol%N_2), the proper addition of PANI could simultaneously enhance CO_2permeance andCO_2/N_2selectivity of membranes. The effects of mPANI/mPVAm(mass ratio of PANI toPVAm) in the casting solution and wet coating thickness on membrane performancehad been investigated and the optimal parameters for membrane preparation had beenobtained. PVAm-PANI/PSf membrane prepared with wet coating thickness of50μmand mPANI/mP VAm in the casting solution of0.2had CO_2permeance of2034,951and161GPU and CO_2/N_2selectivity of159,102and49at0.15,0.5and1.5MPa feedpressure, respectively.
利用浸没沉淀相转化法，以PANI纳米纤维和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为添加剂共混改性PSf超滤膜，分析并比较两种添加剂对成膜过程、膜结构和膜性能的影响。当添加剂含量小于0.5wt%时，PSf/PANI纳米复合膜的纯水通量明显高于PSf/PVP复合膜，对BSA的截留率都达到98%以上。相对PSf/PVP复合膜，PSf/PANI纳米复合膜在抗污染性能、机械性能和热稳定性能上具有明显优势。
利用原相聚合共混法制备PSf/PANI纳米复合超滤膜。在相转化成膜过程中，苯胺低聚体和聚苯胺纳米球均自发向界面处迁移，大部分苯胺低聚体溶出到凝固浴中，大部分聚苯胺纳米球存留在膜内。相对PSf膜，共混膜的表面亲水性得到改善，表面平均孔径和孔隙率有所增加，断面结构的指状孔具有良好的垂直贯通性。PSf/PANI纳米复合膜的纯水通量可达到纯聚砜膜的1.7~4.1倍，对BSA的截留率可达96%以上。此外，PSf/PANI纳米复合膜具有较高的通量恢复率。
以本征态聚苯胺（PANiEB）为添加剂制备PSf/PANiEB超滤膜。PSf/PANiEB膜在0.30MPa TMP下显示出良好的耐压密性，经过60分钟的预压，通量下降幅度均小于30%。在0.20MPa TMP下，PSf/PANiEB膜的纯水通量可达PSf膜的2.9倍，BSA的截留率在98%以上。BSA溶液超滤中，相比PSf膜，PSf/PANiEB膜具有更高的渗透通量和通量恢复率。采用分散聚合法合成易分散的PANI-PVP纳米复合材料，并以其为添加剂制备纳米复合超滤膜。PANI-PVP纳米复合材料在铸膜液中具有良好的分散性和稳定性。相对PSf膜，纳米复合膜的表面平均孔径和孔隙率得到明显增加，大空腔结构增多，孔道之间的贯通性增强，亲水性大幅改善。纳米复合膜的纯水通量为PSf膜的1.8~3.5倍，BSA的截留率保持在97%以上，BSA溶液超滤90分钟后的通量保留率在71%~80%，明显高于PSf膜。
以聚苯胺为添加剂制备PVAm-PANI/PSf气体分离膜。对于CO_2/N_2混合气体系（15vol%CO_2+85vol%N_2），聚苯胺的适量添加可以同时提高膜的CO_2渗透速率和CO_2/N_2分离因子。通过考察涂膜液中PANI与PVAm质量比及湿涂层厚度对膜性能的影响，获得适宜的制膜工艺参数。当湿涂层厚度为50μm，涂膜液中PANI与PVAm质量比为0.2时，PVAm-PANI/PSf复合膜在进料气压力为0.15、0.5和1.5MPa下，CO_2渗透速率分别为2034、951和161GPU，CO_2/N_2分离因子分别为159、102和49。
Membrane separation is an advanced technology for concentration andpurification. Membrane is the key of membrane process, and the development ofmembrane with high performance has significant meaning for membrane technology.This work have investigated the enhancement of polysulfone (PSf) ultrafiltration (UF)membrane performance and polyvinylamine (PVAm) gas separation membrane usingpolyaniline (PANI).
PSf/PANI nanocomposite membranes and PSf/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)membranes were prepared through immersion phase inversion using PANI nanofibersand PVP as the additives, respectively. The effects of the additives on membraneformation process, membrane structure and performance had been analyzed andcompared. When the additive contents were below0.5wt%, PSf/PANI nanocompositemembranes had higher pure water flux than PSf/PVP membranes. BSA rejection ofthe membranes was all above98%. Compared with PSf/PVP membranes, PSf/PANInanocomposite membranes had better antifouling property, mechanical strength andthermal stability.
To solve the agglomeration problem of nanomaterial, PSf/PANI nanocompositemembrane was prepared using in situ blending method. During membrane formationprocess, PANI oligomers and PANI nanospheres can migrate spontaneously to themembrane/water interface. Compared with PSf membrane, nanocompositemembranes had higher surface hydrophilicity, surface pore size and porosity. Theacicular pores in the cross-section structure of nanocomposite membranes almostdisappeared and the finger-like pores became longer and better verticallyinterconnected with transfixion from membrane toplayer to sublayer. The pure waterflux of PSf/PANI nanocomposite membranes reached to1.7~4.1times that of PSfmembrane. BSA rejection kept above96%. Moreover, PSf/PANI nanocompositemembranes had higher flux recovery ratio.
PSf/PANiEB ultrafiltration membrane was prepared using PANiEB (emeraldinebase polyaniline) as the additive. PSf/PANiEB membranes exhibited much morestable pure water flux under0.30MPa TMP. After about60min of compaction,PSf/PANiEB membranes had the pure water fluxes decrement lower than30%. At 0.20MPa TMP, the pure water flux of PSf/PANiEB membrane was2.9times that ofPSf membrane. BSA rejections of the membranes were in the range of98.2%~98.6%.During BSA ultrafiltration, PSf/PANiEB membranes had higher flux and fluxrecovery ratio than PSf membrane. Well-dispersed PANI-PVP nanocomposite wassynthesized through dispersed polymerization and used as the additive to preparePSf/PANI-PVP nanocomposite membranes. PANI-PVP nanocomposite could stablyand long-term disperse into the casting solutions. Compared with PSf membrane,PSf/PANI-PVP nanocomposite membranes had higher surface pore size and porosity,larger macrovoids, better pore interconnection and hydrophilicity. Pure water fluxes ofnanocomposite membranes were1.8~3.5times that of PSf membrane. BSA rejectionsof all the membranes kept above97%. After BSA ultrafiltration for90min, fluxretentions of nanocomposite membranes were71%~80%, which was higher than thatof PSf membrane.
PVAm-PANI/PSf gas separation membranes were prepared using PANI as theadditive. In the tests with CO_2/N_2mixed gas (containing15vol%CO_2and85vol%N_2), the proper addition of PANI could simultaneously enhance CO_2permeance andCO_2/N_2selectivity of membranes. The effects of mPANI/mPVAm(mass ratio of PANI toPVAm) in the casting solution and wet coating thickness on membrane performancehad been investigated and the optimal parameters for membrane preparation had beenobtained. PVAm-PANI/PSf membrane prepared with wet coating thickness of50μmand mPANI/mP VAm in the casting solution of0.2had CO_2permeance of2034,951and161GPU and CO_2/N_2selectivity of159,102and49at0.15,0.5and1.5MPa feedpressure, respectively.
引文
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