免疫型人工鸽乳的研制及其饲用价值的研究
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摘要
本试验研制了免疫型人工鸽乳，并探讨了其对1-6日龄乳鸽生长性能、小肠黏膜形态和免疫功能的影响。试验采用单因子设计，将100只1日龄健康美国王鸽(16.65±0.50g体重)随机分为5个组，每组10个重复、每个重复2只。C1组由种鸽哺喂自然鸽乳，C2组由人工哺喂基础人工鸽乳，T1组由人工哺喂基础人工鸽乳+1％益生素+3.75％免疫球蛋白，T2组由人工哺喂基础人工鸽乳+3.75％免疫球蛋白，T3组由人工哺喂基础人工鸽乳+1％益生素。试验结果表明：
(1)免疫型人工鸽乳显著提高乳鸽的生长性能
C2组乳鸽日益消瘦而无法存活，T3组乳鸽几乎没有生长，T2组和T1组乳鸽的平均日增重分别为5.77g和8.79g，而C1组乳鸽的平均日增重则达14.5g。T3组、T2组、T1组和C1组乳鸽心脏和肝脏重量依次增加，并且各组之间心脏和肝脏重量均差异显著(P＜0.05)。T3组乳鸽心脏和肝脏指数显著高于C1组、T1组和T2组(P＜0.05)。T1组和T2组乳鸽血清GH浓度没有明显差异(P＞0.05)，但都比T3组有所提高(P＜0.05)，而比C1组有所降低(P＜0.05)。
(2)免疫型人工鸽乳显著完善乳鸽小肠黏膜形态
C1组乳鸽小肠绒毛长度比T3组增长21.87％(P＜0.05)，而其它各组之间差异不明显(P＞0.05)。C1组乳鸽腺窝深度比T3组和T2组均有降低(P＜0.05)；T1组乳鸽腺窝深度也比T3组有所降低(P＜0.05)。C1组乳鸽小肠VCR值比T3组和T2组大(P＜0.05)；T1组乳鸽小肠VCR值比也比T3组大(P＜0.05)。
(3)免疫型人工鸽乳显著增强乳鸽免疫功能
C2组乳鸽全部死亡，T2组和T3组乳鸽死亡率也分别达到了40％和60％，而C1组和T1组乳鸽则全部存活。
T1组乳鸽脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊重量大于T2组和T3组(P＜0.05)，但是小于C1组(P＜0.05)。T2组乳鸽法氏囊重量也大于T3组(P＜0.05)。T2组乳鸽胸腺指数低于C1组和T3组(P＜0.05)。T1组、T2组和T3组乳鸽法氏囊指数低于C1组(P＜0.05)，T2组也低于T1组和T3组(P＜0.05)。
T1组和T2组乳鸽血清IgG和IgA浓度高于T3组(P＜0.05)，却低于C1组(P＜0.05)。T3组、T2组和T1组和C1组乳鸽血清IgM浓度依次增高，并
The immunologic pigeon milk replacers for squabs from 1 to 6 days of age were manufactured and their effects on performance, small intestinal morphology and immunity of squabs were discussed in the experiment.
According to single factorial design, 100 healthy America pigeon king squabs (16.65±0.50g BW) at 1 day of age were divided into 5 groups with 10 replicates of 2 squabs including:(1) C1 fed by their parents with pigeon milk, (2) C2 fed by hand with basal pigeon milk replacer, (3)T1 fed by hand with basal pigeon milk replacer supplemented with 3.75% immunoglobulin and 1% probiotics,(4) T2 fed by hand with basal pigeon milk replacer supplemented with 3.75% immunoglobulin, and (5) T3 fed by hand with basal pigeon milk replacer supplemented with 1% probiotics.The results showed as follows:
(1) The Immunologic Pigeon Milk Replacer had great improvement on the performance of the squabs.
all C2 squabs died for lost weight day by day, and nealy no weight changed in T3 squabs, T2 and T1 squabs got average daily gain of 5.77g and 8.79g,respectively, while C1 squabs grew with average daily gain of 14.5g.The heart and liver weight increased from T3, T2, T1 toC1 and between of the groups got significant difference (P<0.05).Yet, T3 heart and liver index increased compared T2, T1 and C1(P<0.05).C1 and T2 also had greater heart index,yet had lower liver index compared T1.There was no difference in serumal GH level between T1 and T2,but both of them increased Compared that in T3(P<0.05), while decreased compared that in C1(P<0.05).
(2) The Immunologic Pigeon Milk Replacer perfected small intestina morpholoy in the squabs significantly.
T1 had higher 21.87% villus than T3(P<0.05), yet there was no diference in villus height between the other groups. For the crypt depth ,C1 decreased compared T2 and T3(P<0.05), and T1 also decreased compared T3(P<0.05). VCR value of C1 increased compared(P<0.05) that of T2 and T3, and VCR value of T1 increased(P<0.05) compared that of T3,too.
(1)免疫型人工鸽乳显著提高乳鸽的生长性能
C2组乳鸽日益消瘦而无法存活，T3组乳鸽几乎没有生长，T2组和T1组乳鸽的平均日增重分别为5.77g和8.79g，而C1组乳鸽的平均日增重则达14.5g。T3组、T2组、T1组和C1组乳鸽心脏和肝脏重量依次增加，并且各组之间心脏和肝脏重量均差异显著(P＜0.05)。T3组乳鸽心脏和肝脏指数显著高于C1组、T1组和T2组(P＜0.05)。T1组和T2组乳鸽血清GH浓度没有明显差异(P＞0.05)，但都比T3组有所提高(P＜0.05)，而比C1组有所降低(P＜0.05)。
(2)免疫型人工鸽乳显著完善乳鸽小肠黏膜形态
C1组乳鸽小肠绒毛长度比T3组增长21.87％(P＜0.05)，而其它各组之间差异不明显(P＞0.05)。C1组乳鸽腺窝深度比T3组和T2组均有降低(P＜0.05)；T1组乳鸽腺窝深度也比T3组有所降低(P＜0.05)。C1组乳鸽小肠VCR值比T3组和T2组大(P＜0.05)；T1组乳鸽小肠VCR值比也比T3组大(P＜0.05)。
(3)免疫型人工鸽乳显著增强乳鸽免疫功能
C2组乳鸽全部死亡，T2组和T3组乳鸽死亡率也分别达到了40％和60％，而C1组和T1组乳鸽则全部存活。
T1组乳鸽脾脏、胸腺和法氏囊重量大于T2组和T3组(P＜0.05)，但是小于C1组(P＜0.05)。T2组乳鸽法氏囊重量也大于T3组(P＜0.05)。T2组乳鸽胸腺指数低于C1组和T3组(P＜0.05)。T1组、T2组和T3组乳鸽法氏囊指数低于C1组(P＜0.05)，T2组也低于T1组和T3组(P＜0.05)。
T1组和T2组乳鸽血清IgG和IgA浓度高于T3组(P＜0.05)，却低于C1组(P＜0.05)。T3组、T2组和T1组和C1组乳鸽血清IgM浓度依次增高，并
The immunologic pigeon milk replacers for squabs from 1 to 6 days of age were manufactured and their effects on performance, small intestinal morphology and immunity of squabs were discussed in the experiment.
According to single factorial design, 100 healthy America pigeon king squabs (16.65±0.50g BW) at 1 day of age were divided into 5 groups with 10 replicates of 2 squabs including:(1) C1 fed by their parents with pigeon milk, (2) C2 fed by hand with basal pigeon milk replacer, (3)T1 fed by hand with basal pigeon milk replacer supplemented with 3.75% immunoglobulin and 1% probiotics,(4) T2 fed by hand with basal pigeon milk replacer supplemented with 3.75% immunoglobulin, and (5) T3 fed by hand with basal pigeon milk replacer supplemented with 1% probiotics.The results showed as follows:
(1) The Immunologic Pigeon Milk Replacer had great improvement on the performance of the squabs.
all C2 squabs died for lost weight day by day, and nealy no weight changed in T3 squabs, T2 and T1 squabs got average daily gain of 5.77g and 8.79g,respectively, while C1 squabs grew with average daily gain of 14.5g.The heart and liver weight increased from T3, T2, T1 toC1 and between of the groups got significant difference (P<0.05).Yet, T3 heart and liver index increased compared T2, T1 and C1(P<0.05).C1 and T2 also had greater heart index,yet had lower liver index compared T1.There was no difference in serumal GH level between T1 and T2,but both of them increased Compared that in T3(P<0.05), while decreased compared that in C1(P<0.05).
(2) The Immunologic Pigeon Milk Replacer perfected small intestina morpholoy in the squabs significantly.
T1 had higher 21.87% villus than T3(P<0.05), yet there was no diference in villus height between the other groups. For the crypt depth ,C1 decreased compared T2 and T3(P<0.05), and T1 also decreased compared T3(P<0.05). VCR value of C1 increased compared(P<0.05) that of T2 and T3, and VCR value of T1 increased(P<0.05) compared that of T3,too.
引文
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