新疆西天山阿吾拉勒铁矿带叠加成矿作用
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摘要
阿吾拉勒铁矿带是近年来在新疆西天山发现的一条极其重要的铁成矿带，带内分布有一系列超大型铁矿床。这些超大型铁矿床主要分布在石炭系大哈拉军山组火山岩中，普遍显示出复杂的叠加成矿作用特征。笔者在前人研究的基础上，对带内大哈拉军山组火山岩以及两个典型矿床（备战铁矿和敦德铁矿）进行了野外地质调研和镜下观察以及矿物学和地球化学分析，重点揭示了铁矿床特征和成矿过程，建立了区域成矿模型。
通过论文工作，取得了以下主要成果和认识。
①大哈拉军山组火山岩形成于早石炭世，成岩年龄为316.1±2.2Ma。
②稀土和微量元素以及Rb-Sr和Pb同位素地球化学分析结果表明，大哈拉军山组火山岩可能形成于早石炭世晚期大陆边缘弧环境，受控于准噶尔洋向中天山-伊犁板块的俯冲作用。相应的岩浆可能是由俯冲带流(熔)体交代过的地幔楔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩发生1%~5%的部分熔融，并在上升过程中经历了一定程度的结晶分异和同化混染作用而形成的。
③铁矿石的Pb、O和S同位素组成表明本区铁矿床的成矿物质主要来源于深部岩浆系统。
④备战矿区矿石、火山岩和花岗岩显示出相似的稀土元素特征，说明三者具有密切的成因联系。结合相关研究成果，笔者推断，由于深部玄武岩浆补充的中断和更强的地壳混染作用导致初始岩浆（具火山岩成分）发生熔离作用，形成富铁矿浆和富硅岩浆（具花岗岩成分）。稀土元素模拟结果表明，初始岩浆：富铁矿浆：熔离岩浆为14：1：13。
⑤主量和微量元素以及同位素地球化学分析结果表明，备战矿区和敦德矿区矽卡岩的形成与传统接触交代矽卡岩不同，可能受控于温度更高的矿浆热液或者高温岩浆热液系统。
⑥备战和敦德铁矿均经历了矿浆和热液两个阶段的叠加成矿作用，备战铁矿以矿浆成矿作用为主，敦德铁矿以热液成矿作用为主。
Awulale iron metallogenic belt is a very important iron metallogenic belt foundin western Tianshan of Xinjiang province. A series of super large iron deposits aredistributed in this belt. These iron deposits occur mainly in the Carboniferousvolcanic rocks of the Dahalajunshan Formation, and display complex characteristicsresulted from superimposed metallogeny. Field investigation, microscopicobservation, and mineralogical and geochemical analysis have been carried out on theDahalajunshan Formation volcanic rocks (DFVR) and two typical iron deposits(Beizhan and Dunde iron deposits), with a focus on an analysis of ore depositcharacteristics and mineralization processes so as to set up a mode for regionalmetallogeny.
The following are major achievements obtained in this dissertation.
①The DFVR are dated at316.1±2.2Ma, showing its formation in the Early
Carboniferous.
②REEwith ME and Sr with Pb isotopic data show possible formation of theDFVR during the late period of the Early Carboniferous in the continental marginarc zone controlled by the subduction of Junggar plate to Middle Tianshan-Yili plate.The relevant magma might be produced by1%~5%partial melting of the mantlewedge spinel-lherzolite replaced by fluids from subduction zone, and undergo anAFC process during its ascending.
③Pb, O and S isotopic data of the ores support derivation of ore-formingmaterials mainly from the deep magma system.
④Ores, DFVR and granitic rocks from the Beizhan iron deposit have similarREE characteristics, indicating their close genetic relationship. Based on this resultcombined with relevant previous research data, It can be inferred that interruption offeeding of basaltic magma in the depth combined with more intensive crustalcontamination could result in liquation of the initial magma with composition of the volcanic rocks into an iron-rich magma and a silica-rich magma with composition ofthe granitic rocks. The REE simulation result shows that the weight proportion of theinitial magma, the iron-rich magma, and the silica-rich magma is14:1:13.
⑤Analyses of major and Trace elements and S and O isotopes indicate adifferent formation process of the skarn in the Beizhan and Dunde iron deposits fromthat of traditional contact metasomatic skarn. This formation process might becontrolled by an ore magma-hydrothermal or magma-hydrothermal system withhigher temperature.
⑥Both ofthe Beizhan and the Dunde iron deposits are superimposed deposits,which were formed by a complex processe of ore magma mineralization andhydrothermal mineralization. Ore magma mineralization played a key role in theformation of the Beizhan iron deposit, while magma hydrothermal mineralizationdid an important role in the formation of the Dunde iron deposit.
通过论文工作，取得了以下主要成果和认识。
①大哈拉军山组火山岩形成于早石炭世，成岩年龄为316.1±2.2Ma。
②稀土和微量元素以及Rb-Sr和Pb同位素地球化学分析结果表明，大哈拉军山组火山岩可能形成于早石炭世晚期大陆边缘弧环境，受控于准噶尔洋向中天山-伊犁板块的俯冲作用。相应的岩浆可能是由俯冲带流(熔)体交代过的地幔楔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩发生1%~5%的部分熔融，并在上升过程中经历了一定程度的结晶分异和同化混染作用而形成的。
③铁矿石的Pb、O和S同位素组成表明本区铁矿床的成矿物质主要来源于深部岩浆系统。
④备战矿区矿石、火山岩和花岗岩显示出相似的稀土元素特征，说明三者具有密切的成因联系。结合相关研究成果，笔者推断，由于深部玄武岩浆补充的中断和更强的地壳混染作用导致初始岩浆（具火山岩成分）发生熔离作用，形成富铁矿浆和富硅岩浆（具花岗岩成分）。稀土元素模拟结果表明，初始岩浆：富铁矿浆：熔离岩浆为14：1：13。
⑤主量和微量元素以及同位素地球化学分析结果表明，备战矿区和敦德矿区矽卡岩的形成与传统接触交代矽卡岩不同，可能受控于温度更高的矿浆热液或者高温岩浆热液系统。
⑥备战和敦德铁矿均经历了矿浆和热液两个阶段的叠加成矿作用，备战铁矿以矿浆成矿作用为主，敦德铁矿以热液成矿作用为主。
Awulale iron metallogenic belt is a very important iron metallogenic belt foundin western Tianshan of Xinjiang province. A series of super large iron deposits aredistributed in this belt. These iron deposits occur mainly in the Carboniferousvolcanic rocks of the Dahalajunshan Formation, and display complex characteristicsresulted from superimposed metallogeny. Field investigation, microscopicobservation, and mineralogical and geochemical analysis have been carried out on theDahalajunshan Formation volcanic rocks (DFVR) and two typical iron deposits(Beizhan and Dunde iron deposits), with a focus on an analysis of ore depositcharacteristics and mineralization processes so as to set up a mode for regionalmetallogeny.
The following are major achievements obtained in this dissertation.
①The DFVR are dated at316.1±2.2Ma, showing its formation in the Early
Carboniferous.
②REEwith ME and Sr with Pb isotopic data show possible formation of theDFVR during the late period of the Early Carboniferous in the continental marginarc zone controlled by the subduction of Junggar plate to Middle Tianshan-Yili plate.The relevant magma might be produced by1%~5%partial melting of the mantlewedge spinel-lherzolite replaced by fluids from subduction zone, and undergo anAFC process during its ascending.
③Pb, O and S isotopic data of the ores support derivation of ore-formingmaterials mainly from the deep magma system.
④Ores, DFVR and granitic rocks from the Beizhan iron deposit have similarREE characteristics, indicating their close genetic relationship. Based on this resultcombined with relevant previous research data, It can be inferred that interruption offeeding of basaltic magma in the depth combined with more intensive crustalcontamination could result in liquation of the initial magma with composition of the volcanic rocks into an iron-rich magma and a silica-rich magma with composition ofthe granitic rocks. The REE simulation result shows that the weight proportion of theinitial magma, the iron-rich magma, and the silica-rich magma is14:1:13.
⑤Analyses of major and Trace elements and S and O isotopes indicate adifferent formation process of the skarn in the Beizhan and Dunde iron deposits fromthat of traditional contact metasomatic skarn. This formation process might becontrolled by an ore magma-hydrothermal or magma-hydrothermal system withhigher temperature.
⑥Both ofthe Beizhan and the Dunde iron deposits are superimposed deposits,which were formed by a complex processe of ore magma mineralization andhydrothermal mineralization. Ore magma mineralization played a key role in theformation of the Beizhan iron deposit, while magma hydrothermal mineralizationdid an important role in the formation of the Dunde iron deposit.
引文
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