新疆阿尔金山喀腊大湾地区铁矿床地质特征及成因
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摘要
喀腊大湾地区铁矿位于青藏高原北缘的阿尔金山东段红柳沟一拉配泉奥陶纪裂谷带的中部,是本区近年来发现比较大的铁矿床,为该地区的找矿突破做出了重要贡献,但是对于喀腊大湾地区铁矿床的成因研究一直比较薄弱,现在还存在一定的争议。本文通过详细的野外地质调查,系统的样品采集,结合前人的研究资料,对喀腊大湾地区铁矿的矿床地质特征及地球化学特征展开研究,试图探讨矿床成因,进而为区域找矿提供一定科学依据。
通过近三年来的努力,初步取得如下认识：
喀腊大湾地区铁矿位于一套火山沉积岩系中,矿区铁矿体.主要分布在下古生界寒武系卓阿布拉克组火山岩与沉积岩界线下侧的火山岩中,个别产在大理岩中,矿体顺层产出,具有明显的层控性。矿石矿物为磁铁矿,其颗粒大小不一,以中细粒磁铁矿为主,部分为粗粒磁铁矿,粗粒磁铁矿可能是由中细粒磁铁矿发生了重结晶作用形成的。在显微结构中,粉砂岩与含磁铁矿颗粒的中基性火山岩构成条带状结构,代表铁矿由火山沉积作用形成。磁铁矿的矿物成分也表现出火山沉积型磁铁矿的特征。
矿区矽卡岩比较发育,主要矽卡岩矿物为石榴石、绿帘石、阳起石、透辉石、绿泥石等。但是本区矽卡岩的分布不受岩体与碳酸盐岩的接触带控制,且花岗岩体不具有明显的围岩蚀变特征，与普通矽卡岩型铁矿的矽卡岩分布特征不同。镜下显示,磁铁矿与矽卡岩矿物主要为共生关系,电子探针测试分析表明,石榴石以钙铁榴石为主,说明铁矿受到后期矽卡岩叠加改造作用的影响。
对铁矿所在的火山沉积岩系中的中丛性火山岩进行锆石SHRIMP测年,结果为517Ma,代表了铁矿的成矿年龄。通过对矿区及矿区外围玄武岩的地球化学特征分析,认为喀腊大湾地区铁矿形成于岛弧环境。
喀腊大湾地区铁矿矽卡岩、矿石、磁铁矿的稀上元素配分曲线都可以分为轻稀上略微富集的平坦型和轻稀土富集的右倾型,表明他们存形成过程中受到不同性质流体的作用。矽卡岩的Y/Ho比值介于28.45-52.87,平均为36.45,矽卡岩的Y/Ho比值介于：29.74-36.79,平均为33.26,矽卡岩与矿石的Y／Ho比值比较相近,表明他们受到相似流体的作用。在Y/Ho-La/Ho, Sm/Nd—LREE/HREE和Sm/Nd-Td/La图解上,花岗岩、矽卡岩、矿石表现出明显的相关性,说明喀腊大湾地区铁矿的矽卡岩叠加改造是由矿区花岗岩体引起的。
喀腊大湾地区铁矿南侧的三个花岗岩样品的锆石SHRIMP测年所得的年龄分别为：477Ma,479Ma,488Ma,而与铁矿体伴生辉钼矿的等时线年龄为480.2±3.2Ma,在误差范围内,认为他们是近于同时形成的,表明辉钼矿是在铁矿南侧花岗岩岩浆流体作用下形成,同时,480Ma代表了铁矿体矽卡岩化的年龄。
综上所述,喀腊大湾地区铁矿应属于火山沉积型铁矿,但后期受到矽卡岩化的叠加改造。
Kaladawan area iron deposit is located in the central of Hongliugou-Lapeiquan Ordovician rift zone which lies in the mid-eastern of Altyn Tagh, northern Tibet Plateau. It is one of the largest iron deposits in this area, which has been discovered in the recent years. But the genesis of Kaladawan area iron deposit is still in debate.
Based on the detailed field geological investigation, the systematic sample collection and the predecessors research work, the characteristics and geochemical features of the deposits has been carried out, the genesis of Kaladawan area iron deposit is clarified in this paper.
Through three years study, we make some brief achievements as follows:
Kadawan area iron deposit which belongs to Zhuoabulake Group is developed in the volcanic-sedimentary rocks, in the Upper Cambrian lithology. The orebodies is mainly hosted in the volcanic rock with some being in marble, and it is stratabound property. Most of the magnetites in deposit are mid-fine grained, but some are coarse grained magnetite. Coarse grained magnetite is probable to be the recrystallization from the mid-fine grained magnetite. Siltstone and magnetite-bearing intermediate-basic volcanic rock are imbedded under the microscope. The mineral compositions of magnetite imply the magnetite of the Kaladawan area iron deposit belong to volcanic-sedimentary magnetite. So, the Kaladawan area iron deposit is a type of volcanic-sedimentation-related deposit.
Skarn in the Kaladawan area iron deposit is fairly developed, and skarn mineral assemblages are composed of garnet, pyroxene, chlorite, epidote. actinolite, tremolite. While, the distribution of skarn in the Kaladawan area iron deposit is different with general skarn deposit. Skarns in the Kaladawan area iron deposit aren't controlled by the contact of acid-intermediate intrusive rock with carbonate rock. Acid-intermediate intrusive rocks in the Kaladawan area iron deposit have no obvious wall rock alteration. Magnetite and the skarn minerals are mainly symbiotic under the microscope and the end member of garnet is mainly andradite, suggesting that the Kaladawan area iron deposit is probably affected by magmic hydrothermal fluid.
Zircon is collected from the intermediate to basic volcanic rocks in the volcanic-sedimentary rocks in Kladawan area. The result shows the age of zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating is at517Ma, representing the mineralization ages of iron deposit. By analysizing the geochemical of basalt in and out of iron deposit, suggesting the iron deposit might be formed in an island arc environment.
The REE distribution patterns of skarn, iron ore and magnetite are obvious divided into two part:one part is slight rich light REE and the other part is rich light REE, this character may imply that skarn, iron ore and magnetite were affected by the different kind of fluid activity.
The Y/Ho ratio of skarn in Kaladawan area iron deposit, ranges from28.45to 52.87(average36.45). The Y/Ho ratio of iron ore in the Kaladawan area iron deposit ranges from29.74to36.79(average33.26). They have similarly Y/Ho rate, suggesting that they are affected by the similar fluid activity. Acid-intermediate intrusive rock in the south of the Kaladawan area iron deposit, skarn and iron ore show a significant correlation in Y/Ho-La/Ho, Sm/Nd-LREE/HREE and Sm/Nd-Td/La diagram, suggesting skarnization of the Kaladawan iron deposit is resulted from the acid-intermediate intrusive rock in the south of the Kaladawan area iron deposit.
Zircon is collected fron the three samplies of granitic intrusion rock in the Kaladawan area iron deposit, The result shows the age of zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the three samplies is at477Ma,479Ma,488Ma, Re-Os isotopic dating of the molybdenites obtain an isochron age of480.2±3.2Ma, which was consistent with the emplacing age of the granitic intrusion in Kaladawan iron deposit. These features indicated that the molybdenites were results of the magma fluid activity. Meanwhile.480.2±3.2Ma represent the age of skamization of iron deposit.
In summary, Kaladawan iron deposit is classified as a volcanic-sedimentary types iron deposit, which is latter effected by the skarnization.
通过近三年来的努力,初步取得如下认识：
喀腊大湾地区铁矿位于一套火山沉积岩系中,矿区铁矿体.主要分布在下古生界寒武系卓阿布拉克组火山岩与沉积岩界线下侧的火山岩中,个别产在大理岩中,矿体顺层产出,具有明显的层控性。矿石矿物为磁铁矿,其颗粒大小不一,以中细粒磁铁矿为主,部分为粗粒磁铁矿,粗粒磁铁矿可能是由中细粒磁铁矿发生了重结晶作用形成的。在显微结构中,粉砂岩与含磁铁矿颗粒的中基性火山岩构成条带状结构,代表铁矿由火山沉积作用形成。磁铁矿的矿物成分也表现出火山沉积型磁铁矿的特征。
矿区矽卡岩比较发育,主要矽卡岩矿物为石榴石、绿帘石、阳起石、透辉石、绿泥石等。但是本区矽卡岩的分布不受岩体与碳酸盐岩的接触带控制,且花岗岩体不具有明显的围岩蚀变特征，与普通矽卡岩型铁矿的矽卡岩分布特征不同。镜下显示,磁铁矿与矽卡岩矿物主要为共生关系,电子探针测试分析表明,石榴石以钙铁榴石为主,说明铁矿受到后期矽卡岩叠加改造作用的影响。
对铁矿所在的火山沉积岩系中的中丛性火山岩进行锆石SHRIMP测年,结果为517Ma,代表了铁矿的成矿年龄。通过对矿区及矿区外围玄武岩的地球化学特征分析,认为喀腊大湾地区铁矿形成于岛弧环境。
喀腊大湾地区铁矿矽卡岩、矿石、磁铁矿的稀上元素配分曲线都可以分为轻稀上略微富集的平坦型和轻稀土富集的右倾型,表明他们存形成过程中受到不同性质流体的作用。矽卡岩的Y/Ho比值介于28.45-52.87,平均为36.45,矽卡岩的Y/Ho比值介于：29.74-36.79,平均为33.26,矽卡岩与矿石的Y／Ho比值比较相近,表明他们受到相似流体的作用。在Y/Ho-La/Ho, Sm/Nd—LREE/HREE和Sm/Nd-Td/La图解上,花岗岩、矽卡岩、矿石表现出明显的相关性,说明喀腊大湾地区铁矿的矽卡岩叠加改造是由矿区花岗岩体引起的。
喀腊大湾地区铁矿南侧的三个花岗岩样品的锆石SHRIMP测年所得的年龄分别为：477Ma,479Ma,488Ma,而与铁矿体伴生辉钼矿的等时线年龄为480.2±3.2Ma,在误差范围内,认为他们是近于同时形成的,表明辉钼矿是在铁矿南侧花岗岩岩浆流体作用下形成,同时,480Ma代表了铁矿体矽卡岩化的年龄。
综上所述,喀腊大湾地区铁矿应属于火山沉积型铁矿,但后期受到矽卡岩化的叠加改造。
Kaladawan area iron deposit is located in the central of Hongliugou-Lapeiquan Ordovician rift zone which lies in the mid-eastern of Altyn Tagh, northern Tibet Plateau. It is one of the largest iron deposits in this area, which has been discovered in the recent years. But the genesis of Kaladawan area iron deposit is still in debate.
Based on the detailed field geological investigation, the systematic sample collection and the predecessors research work, the characteristics and geochemical features of the deposits has been carried out, the genesis of Kaladawan area iron deposit is clarified in this paper.
Through three years study, we make some brief achievements as follows:
Kadawan area iron deposit which belongs to Zhuoabulake Group is developed in the volcanic-sedimentary rocks, in the Upper Cambrian lithology. The orebodies is mainly hosted in the volcanic rock with some being in marble, and it is stratabound property. Most of the magnetites in deposit are mid-fine grained, but some are coarse grained magnetite. Coarse grained magnetite is probable to be the recrystallization from the mid-fine grained magnetite. Siltstone and magnetite-bearing intermediate-basic volcanic rock are imbedded under the microscope. The mineral compositions of magnetite imply the magnetite of the Kaladawan area iron deposit belong to volcanic-sedimentary magnetite. So, the Kaladawan area iron deposit is a type of volcanic-sedimentation-related deposit.
Skarn in the Kaladawan area iron deposit is fairly developed, and skarn mineral assemblages are composed of garnet, pyroxene, chlorite, epidote. actinolite, tremolite. While, the distribution of skarn in the Kaladawan area iron deposit is different with general skarn deposit. Skarns in the Kaladawan area iron deposit aren't controlled by the contact of acid-intermediate intrusive rock with carbonate rock. Acid-intermediate intrusive rocks in the Kaladawan area iron deposit have no obvious wall rock alteration. Magnetite and the skarn minerals are mainly symbiotic under the microscope and the end member of garnet is mainly andradite, suggesting that the Kaladawan area iron deposit is probably affected by magmic hydrothermal fluid.
Zircon is collected from the intermediate to basic volcanic rocks in the volcanic-sedimentary rocks in Kladawan area. The result shows the age of zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating is at517Ma, representing the mineralization ages of iron deposit. By analysizing the geochemical of basalt in and out of iron deposit, suggesting the iron deposit might be formed in an island arc environment.
The REE distribution patterns of skarn, iron ore and magnetite are obvious divided into two part:one part is slight rich light REE and the other part is rich light REE, this character may imply that skarn, iron ore and magnetite were affected by the different kind of fluid activity.
The Y/Ho ratio of skarn in Kaladawan area iron deposit, ranges from28.45to 52.87(average36.45). The Y/Ho ratio of iron ore in the Kaladawan area iron deposit ranges from29.74to36.79(average33.26). They have similarly Y/Ho rate, suggesting that they are affected by the similar fluid activity. Acid-intermediate intrusive rock in the south of the Kaladawan area iron deposit, skarn and iron ore show a significant correlation in Y/Ho-La/Ho, Sm/Nd-LREE/HREE and Sm/Nd-Td/La diagram, suggesting skarnization of the Kaladawan iron deposit is resulted from the acid-intermediate intrusive rock in the south of the Kaladawan area iron deposit.
Zircon is collected fron the three samplies of granitic intrusion rock in the Kaladawan area iron deposit, The result shows the age of zircon SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the three samplies is at477Ma,479Ma,488Ma, Re-Os isotopic dating of the molybdenites obtain an isochron age of480.2±3.2Ma, which was consistent with the emplacing age of the granitic intrusion in Kaladawan iron deposit. These features indicated that the molybdenites were results of the magma fluid activity. Meanwhile.480.2±3.2Ma represent the age of skamization of iron deposit.
In summary, Kaladawan iron deposit is classified as a volcanic-sedimentary types iron deposit, which is latter effected by the skarnization.
引文
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