嵌入式Linux及其在附网存储器中的应用
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摘要
随着通信技术和网络技术的高速发展，我们已经步入了一个数码时代。建立在其基础上的嵌入式系统已经广泛地渗透到科研、工程、军事、商业、文化、艺术和娱乐等人们生活的方方面面。随着国内外嵌入式产品的进一步开发推广和人们对网络的越来越强的依赖，嵌入式系统正越来越广泛地应用到各种网络设备中。嵌入式Linux操作系统以价格低廉、功能强大又易于移植而备受青睐，因此研究和开发基于嵌入式Linux的网络存储系统具有相当的现实意义和应用前景。
本文在对嵌入式Linux系统及其开发技术进行深入剖析的基础上，提出并构建了一个新的基于嵌入式Linux的附网存储基本系统。该系统体积小、集成度高、功能强、性能稳定，与传统的存储服务器相比，其灵活性强、移植方便、性价比高，适用于中小型企业、学校实验室等中小型局域网。
本文首先介绍嵌入式Linux系统及其开发技术的总体特点，接着对课题的主要工作即基于嵌入式Linux的附网存储基本系统的开发全过程进行了详细阐述，主要包括：一、内核裁减。通过对Linux内核工作机制的分析，根据系统的硬件特点和应用需要，提出了一种适用于系统的内核裁减方法——使用Linux GCC编译器对内核各选项进行配置和编译，实现内核的裁减。二、根文件系统的建构。根据嵌入式系统的存储特点，分析了适合于嵌入式Linux系统的文件系统，选择了一种适合于附网存储系统的文件系统。接着详细介绍根文件系统建立和应用程序加载的过程。三、系统的移植。文中着重讨论了嵌入式Linux系统在DOC2000(DiskOnChip 2000)上的移植，并就移植过程中的实际问题提出了解决方案。四、磁盘阵列。介绍了使用RAID的磁盘阵列的实现方法。
Along with the high-speed development of communication technology and network technology, we have stepped into a digital era. The embedded system based on high-tech have permeated through scientific research, engineering, military, business, culture & art, amusement, etc. With the further popularization of embedded products all over the world, with people's strong reliance on network, embedded system is applied in various network equipments more and more extensively. And embedded Linux is the most popular operating system for it's cheapness in price, powerful function, and good portability to embedded platforms. Then the research and development on the embedded Linux Network-attached Storage System has a considerable application prospect.
A new design and implement of Network-attached Storage System with embedded Linux technique is provided in this paper, based on the analysis of embedded Linux system. The new system is suitable for the networks of medium and small-sized enterprises, and school laboratories. It differs from the traditional storage servers for its excellent characteristics such as good portability, high integration, powerful function, cost and time saving.
A comprehensive description about embedded Linux system and its development technology is given in the first part. Then the design of the Network-attached Storage System based on embedded Linux is given, which mainly include: reduction of the Linux kernel, build of the root file system, embedding of the system, and build of the RAID. Firstly, through the code analysis of the Linux kernel, the article chooses a suitable method to reduce the
kernel. Secondly, the article analyses the file system build on the Memory Technology Devices, and creates the root file system with Ext2fs, which can load some application programs. Thirdly, The article discussed the method to embed the whole system into DiskOnChip2000, and gives solutions to solve the problems occurring during the process. Lastly, the article discussed the implement of the RAID.
本文在对嵌入式Linux系统及其开发技术进行深入剖析的基础上，提出并构建了一个新的基于嵌入式Linux的附网存储基本系统。该系统体积小、集成度高、功能强、性能稳定，与传统的存储服务器相比，其灵活性强、移植方便、性价比高，适用于中小型企业、学校实验室等中小型局域网。
本文首先介绍嵌入式Linux系统及其开发技术的总体特点，接着对课题的主要工作即基于嵌入式Linux的附网存储基本系统的开发全过程进行了详细阐述，主要包括：一、内核裁减。通过对Linux内核工作机制的分析，根据系统的硬件特点和应用需要，提出了一种适用于系统的内核裁减方法——使用Linux GCC编译器对内核各选项进行配置和编译，实现内核的裁减。二、根文件系统的建构。根据嵌入式系统的存储特点，分析了适合于嵌入式Linux系统的文件系统，选择了一种适合于附网存储系统的文件系统。接着详细介绍根文件系统建立和应用程序加载的过程。三、系统的移植。文中着重讨论了嵌入式Linux系统在DOC2000(DiskOnChip 2000)上的移植，并就移植过程中的实际问题提出了解决方案。四、磁盘阵列。介绍了使用RAID的磁盘阵列的实现方法。
Along with the high-speed development of communication technology and network technology, we have stepped into a digital era. The embedded system based on high-tech have permeated through scientific research, engineering, military, business, culture & art, amusement, etc. With the further popularization of embedded products all over the world, with people's strong reliance on network, embedded system is applied in various network equipments more and more extensively. And embedded Linux is the most popular operating system for it's cheapness in price, powerful function, and good portability to embedded platforms. Then the research and development on the embedded Linux Network-attached Storage System has a considerable application prospect.
A new design and implement of Network-attached Storage System with embedded Linux technique is provided in this paper, based on the analysis of embedded Linux system. The new system is suitable for the networks of medium and small-sized enterprises, and school laboratories. It differs from the traditional storage servers for its excellent characteristics such as good portability, high integration, powerful function, cost and time saving.
A comprehensive description about embedded Linux system and its development technology is given in the first part. Then the design of the Network-attached Storage System based on embedded Linux is given, which mainly include: reduction of the Linux kernel, build of the root file system, embedding of the system, and build of the RAID. Firstly, through the code analysis of the Linux kernel, the article chooses a suitable method to reduce the
kernel. Secondly, the article analyses the file system build on the Memory Technology Devices, and creates the root file system with Ext2fs, which can load some application programs. Thirdly, The article discussed the method to embed the whole system into DiskOnChip2000, and gives solutions to solve the problems occurring during the process. Lastly, the article discussed the implement of the RAID.
引文
[1] 李善平、刘文峰，《Linux与嵌入式系统》，清华大学出版社，2003
[2] 吕京建、肖海桥，面向21世纪的嵌入式系统，半导体技术，Vol．26，No．1：1～3
[3] Dave Pfaltzgraff, "The Use of Linux in an Embedded System", Linux Journal, Issue #68,December 1999.
[4] 嵌入式Linux技术，嵌入式Linux网站—Traveller
[5] P.M.Chen, E.K.Lee, G.A.Gibson et al, "RAID: High Performance, Reliable Secondary Storage", ACM Computing Surveys, June 1994, Vol.26
[6] C.G.Bell, "The Future of High Performance Computers in Science and Engineering", Commu. of ACM, 1989, Vol32, No.9:1091～1101
[7] L.Cabrera and D.Long, "Swift: Using Distributed Disk Striping to Provide High I/O Data Rates" Computing System, 1991, Vol.4, No.4:405～439
[8] Spencer W. Ng, "Improving Disk Performance Via Latency Reduction", IEEE Trans. On Computers, June 1991, Vol.40, No. 1:22～33.
[9] 周建国，王雷，Linux内核软件体系结构恢复的研究，计算机工程与应用，2001，Vol．37，No．3：42～45
[10] S.Chen, J.Stankovic, et al, "Performance Evaluation of Two New Disk Scheduling Algorithms for Real-Time System", Real-Time System Journal,Sep 1991, Vol.3, No.3:307～336
[11] Vincenzo Catania, "Design and Performance Analysis of Disk Array system",IEEE Trans. on Computers, 1995, Vol.44, No.10:1654～1670
[12] 陆松年，郭一鸣，实时Linux初探，计算机应用研究，2001，No．1：43～47
[13] 张灏，孙利民，基于Linux的交换机驱动程序的实现，计算机应用，2001，No．6：66～69
[14] 吴闽泉，Linux实时性研究，计算机工程，2001，No．2：55～58
[15] 陈华英、董唯元，向IP存储问声好，微电脑世界，2002，No．13
[16] 郭御风、黄金峰，IP存储技术研究，计算机科学与工程，2002，No．5：94～97
[17] Tom Clark A Guild to iSCSI, iFCP and FCIP Protocols for Storage Area Networks. [M]Addison Wesley, 2001-11
[18] 袁圣权，网络存储设备的研究，华中理工大学硕士学位论文
[19] 高伟华、杨子军，嵌入式操作系统的研究现状及发展趋势，黑龙江电力，Vol．24，No．5：383～386
[20] 王海兵，嵌入式Linux的研究与应用，昆明理工大学硕士学位论文
[21] 何丽，嵌入式Linux：挑战与发展共存，微电脑世界，2001，No．17
[22] Jean J.Labrosse, "MicroC/OS- Ⅱ The Real-Time Kernel"
[23] Ross A.Mckengney, '"QNX REALTIME OPERATING SYSTEMS", RMC EEE 551, 2002, 7th
[24] Dan Hildebrand，“QNX的体系结构白皮书”，QNX Software Systems Ltd
[25] S.Markon and K. Sasaki, "Linux for Embedded Systems" , Linux Journal, Issue #41
[26] 《2001年嵌入式系统及其应用研讨会论文集》，《电子产品世界》杂志社
[27] 《2002年嵌入式系统及其应用研讨会论文集》，《电子产品世界》杂志社
[28] 王华萍，基于Linux的嵌入式系统研究及防火墙应用，浙江大学硕士学位论
[29] 李海刚，基于Linux的嵌入式系统研究与应用，西安理工大学硕士学位论文
[30] 刘文峰，把握嵌入式Linux发展命脉，微电脑世界，2001
[31] DOC 2000 Data Sheet. M-System Flash Disk Pioneers. www.m-sys.com
[32] Michael Barr著、于志宏译，《C／C++嵌入式系统编程》，中国电力出版社
[33] 李善平、郑扣根，《Linux内核分析和实验教程》，机械工业出版社，1999
[34] 陈莉君，《Linux操作系统内核分析》人民邮电出版社，2000
[35] Rich Grehan,Rober Moote等著，许汝峰译，《32位嵌入式系统编程》，中国电力出版社
[36] 陈向阳、方汉，《Linu使用大全》，科学出版社
[37] David A.Rusling等著，朱习等译，《Linux编程自皮书》，机械工业出版社
[38] Andrew S. Tanenbaum、Albert S.Woodhull著，王鹏、尤晋等译，《操作系统：设计与实现(第二版)上册》，电子工业出版社
[39] 联想软件超星空工作室编著，《精通Linux系统管理与应用开发技术》，清华大学出版社
[40] 施威铭研究室编著，《Linux指令参考手册》，中国青年出版社
[41] [美]马克斯韦尔(Maxwel 1，S．)著，冯锐等译，《Linux内核源代码分析》，机械工业出版社
[42] Anand K. Santhanam, Vishal Kulkarni嵌入式设备上的Linux系统开发
[43] Jim Zeus.《Linux MTD源代码分析》
[44] Anand K.Santhanam, Vishal Kulkarni, "Linux system development on an embedded device." IBM Global Services.
[45] 胡晨峰，JFFS2文件系统在mClinux中的应用，电子产品世界，2003．4
[46] Vipin Malik, "JFFS - A practical guide", May 5th 2001.
[47] David Woodhouse, "JFFS: The Journalling Flash File System", Oct 10th 2001
[48] Vipin Malik, "mtd-jffs-HOWTO"
[49] Mark Meade, "diskonchip-grub-howto'
[50] "DOC Utility User Manual", M-Systems Flash Disk Pioneers. www.msys.com
[51] MTD http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-mtd/
[52] [美]Dustin Puryear著，张乐、任文静等译，《Windows网络下的Linux解决方案》，中国水利水电出版社，2002，4
[53] [美]Richard Blum著，《qmail实用技术指南》，清华大学出版社，2002
[54] 赵亮，高性能磁盘阵列(RAID)关键技术的研究，国防科技大学工程硕士学位论文
[55] "Introducing Bonnie", http://www.textuality.com/bonnie/intro.html
[2] 吕京建、肖海桥，面向21世纪的嵌入式系统，半导体技术，Vol．26，No．1：1～3
[3] Dave Pfaltzgraff, "The Use of Linux in an Embedded System", Linux Journal, Issue #68,December 1999.
[4] 嵌入式Linux技术，嵌入式Linux网站—Traveller
[5] P.M.Chen, E.K.Lee, G.A.Gibson et al, "RAID: High Performance, Reliable Secondary Storage", ACM Computing Surveys, June 1994, Vol.26
[6] C.G.Bell, "The Future of High Performance Computers in Science and Engineering", Commu. of ACM, 1989, Vol32, No.9:1091～1101
[7] L.Cabrera and D.Long, "Swift: Using Distributed Disk Striping to Provide High I/O Data Rates" Computing System, 1991, Vol.4, No.4:405～439
[8] Spencer W. Ng, "Improving Disk Performance Via Latency Reduction", IEEE Trans. On Computers, June 1991, Vol.40, No. 1:22～33.
[9] 周建国，王雷，Linux内核软件体系结构恢复的研究，计算机工程与应用，2001，Vol．37，No．3：42～45
[10] S.Chen, J.Stankovic, et al, "Performance Evaluation of Two New Disk Scheduling Algorithms for Real-Time System", Real-Time System Journal,Sep 1991, Vol.3, No.3:307～336
[11] Vincenzo Catania, "Design and Performance Analysis of Disk Array system",IEEE Trans. on Computers, 1995, Vol.44, No.10:1654～1670
[12] 陆松年，郭一鸣，实时Linux初探，计算机应用研究，2001，No．1：43～47
[13] 张灏，孙利民，基于Linux的交换机驱动程序的实现，计算机应用，2001，No．6：66～69
[14] 吴闽泉，Linux实时性研究，计算机工程，2001，No．2：55～58
[15] 陈华英、董唯元，向IP存储问声好，微电脑世界，2002，No．13
[16] 郭御风、黄金峰，IP存储技术研究，计算机科学与工程，2002，No．5：94～97
[17] Tom Clark A Guild to iSCSI, iFCP and FCIP Protocols for Storage Area Networks. [M]Addison Wesley, 2001-11
[18] 袁圣权，网络存储设备的研究，华中理工大学硕士学位论文
[19] 高伟华、杨子军，嵌入式操作系统的研究现状及发展趋势，黑龙江电力，Vol．24，No．5：383～386
[20] 王海兵，嵌入式Linux的研究与应用，昆明理工大学硕士学位论文
[21] 何丽，嵌入式Linux：挑战与发展共存，微电脑世界，2001，No．17
[22] Jean J.Labrosse, "MicroC/OS- Ⅱ The Real-Time Kernel"
[23] Ross A.Mckengney, '"QNX REALTIME OPERATING SYSTEMS", RMC EEE 551, 2002, 7th
[24] Dan Hildebrand，“QNX的体系结构白皮书”，QNX Software Systems Ltd
[25] S.Markon and K. Sasaki, "Linux for Embedded Systems" , Linux Journal, Issue #41
[26] 《2001年嵌入式系统及其应用研讨会论文集》，《电子产品世界》杂志社
[27] 《2002年嵌入式系统及其应用研讨会论文集》，《电子产品世界》杂志社
[28] 王华萍，基于Linux的嵌入式系统研究及防火墙应用，浙江大学硕士学位论
[29] 李海刚，基于Linux的嵌入式系统研究与应用，西安理工大学硕士学位论文
[30] 刘文峰，把握嵌入式Linux发展命脉，微电脑世界，2001
[31] DOC 2000 Data Sheet. M-System Flash Disk Pioneers. www.m-sys.com
[32] Michael Barr著、于志宏译，《C／C++嵌入式系统编程》，中国电力出版社
[33] 李善平、郑扣根，《Linux内核分析和实验教程》，机械工业出版社，1999
[34] 陈莉君，《Linux操作系统内核分析》人民邮电出版社，2000
[35] Rich Grehan,Rober Moote等著，许汝峰译，《32位嵌入式系统编程》，中国电力出版社
[36] 陈向阳、方汉，《Linu使用大全》，科学出版社
[37] David A.Rusling等著，朱习等译，《Linux编程自皮书》，机械工业出版社
[38] Andrew S. Tanenbaum、Albert S.Woodhull著，王鹏、尤晋等译，《操作系统：设计与实现(第二版)上册》，电子工业出版社
[39] 联想软件超星空工作室编著，《精通Linux系统管理与应用开发技术》，清华大学出版社
[40] 施威铭研究室编著，《Linux指令参考手册》，中国青年出版社
[41] [美]马克斯韦尔(Maxwel 1，S．)著，冯锐等译，《Linux内核源代码分析》，机械工业出版社
[42] Anand K. Santhanam, Vishal Kulkarni嵌入式设备上的Linux系统开发
[43] Jim Zeus.《Linux MTD源代码分析》
[44] Anand K.Santhanam, Vishal Kulkarni, "Linux system development on an embedded device." IBM Global Services.
[45] 胡晨峰，JFFS2文件系统在mClinux中的应用，电子产品世界，2003．4
[46] Vipin Malik, "JFFS - A practical guide", May 5th 2001.
[47] David Woodhouse, "JFFS: The Journalling Flash File System", Oct 10th 2001
[48] Vipin Malik, "mtd-jffs-HOWTO"
[49] Mark Meade, "diskonchip-grub-howto'
[50] "DOC Utility User Manual", M-Systems Flash Disk Pioneers. www.msys.com
[51] MTD http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/linux-mtd/
[52] [美]Dustin Puryear著，张乐、任文静等译，《Windows网络下的Linux解决方案》，中国水利水电出版社，2002，4
[53] [美]Richard Blum著，《qmail实用技术指南》，清华大学出版社，2002
[54] 赵亮，高性能磁盘阵列(RAID)关键技术的研究，国防科技大学工程硕士学位论文
[55] "Introducing Bonnie", http://www.textuality.com/bonnie/intro.html