软件开发团队知识共享系统支撑系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着信息化和全球化范围的扩大,企业之间的竞争已经逐步演变为知识的竞争,知识成为企业第一生产力。为了保持企业的竞争优势,管理者必须管理知识资源。知识管理成为企业管理的重要内容,知识管理的难点和重点是知识共享。而对知识高度密集的软件企业来说,对于知识共享的研究尤为重要。软件企业是知识高度密集的企业,软件项目开发团队是软件企业的核心团队。当前,我国软件企业正面临着愈来愈激烈的竞争,为了提高企业的核心竞争力,首先在软件项目开发团队中实施知识共享是毋庸置疑的,这样不仅能够提高软件团队的工作效率,而且能够节约公司的资源,避免不必要的人、财、物的浪费。
本论文在结合相关理论的基础上,在公司软件项目中,针对软件开发团队中的知识共享的主题展开专题性的研究,在详细地分析了软件开发团队中的知识共享过程和知识共享的相关影响因素,从而有针对性地提出了知识共享的管理模型,为软件项目中的开发团队的知识共享管理提供了非常有价值的参考。总体来说,本论文具体分为以下几个部分：首先,简单交待了研究的背景与本研究的主要安排；其次是研究的相关文献,对知识共享的相关理论做了必要的回顾,并对软件开发团队的知识共享的过程和影响因素进行分析；第三,分析软件开发的主要工作流程及软件开发过程中各个阶段的知识共享过程；第四,根据某公司的软件开发团队的知识共享模式进行知识共享支撑软件的设计。最后,对软件开发团队的知识共享支撑软件进行运行测试,并做出总结和展望。
As the information technology coverage and globalization is developing deeper and deeper, the competition among enterprises increasingly depends on the knowledge competition, the knowledge seems become the first productive power. The management have to maintain the knoledge resources as much as they can, if they want to maintain their competitiveness. Therefore, the knowledge management becomes the most important content in enterprise management, and it is also the hardest nut to crack in the enterprise management. Knowledge sharing is even more crucial to those software enterprise of knowledge-intense industry, for its convenience among those software programers. Our software industry is facing the most fierce competition right now, it quite necessary for the software company to enhance the efficiency of knowledge sharing in order to strengthening their competitiveness.
The thesis focused on the knowledge sharing among software program team while analyzing the process of their knowledge sharing and those affecting factors, before producing the model of knowledge sharing management. The thesis can be subdivided into the following parts in detail:firstly, it gave forth the study background and main arrangements the study framework; secondly, it reviewed the relative literature on the topic of knowledge sharing, and analyzed the processes of knowledge sharing among software programmers and affecting factors of knowledge sharing. Thirdly, this thesis has researched the key processes of knowledge sharing while developing software by the software team. Fourthly, the thesis has designed the supporting platform system of knowledge sharing for software developing team. At last, the thesis has give a test on the supporting system for knowledge sharing among software developers, before making a brief conclusion of this study.
本论文在结合相关理论的基础上,在公司软件项目中,针对软件开发团队中的知识共享的主题展开专题性的研究,在详细地分析了软件开发团队中的知识共享过程和知识共享的相关影响因素,从而有针对性地提出了知识共享的管理模型,为软件项目中的开发团队的知识共享管理提供了非常有价值的参考。总体来说,本论文具体分为以下几个部分：首先,简单交待了研究的背景与本研究的主要安排；其次是研究的相关文献,对知识共享的相关理论做了必要的回顾,并对软件开发团队的知识共享的过程和影响因素进行分析；第三,分析软件开发的主要工作流程及软件开发过程中各个阶段的知识共享过程；第四,根据某公司的软件开发团队的知识共享模式进行知识共享支撑软件的设计。最后,对软件开发团队的知识共享支撑软件进行运行测试,并做出总结和展望。
As the information technology coverage and globalization is developing deeper and deeper, the competition among enterprises increasingly depends on the knowledge competition, the knowledge seems become the first productive power. The management have to maintain the knoledge resources as much as they can, if they want to maintain their competitiveness. Therefore, the knowledge management becomes the most important content in enterprise management, and it is also the hardest nut to crack in the enterprise management. Knowledge sharing is even more crucial to those software enterprise of knowledge-intense industry, for its convenience among those software programers. Our software industry is facing the most fierce competition right now, it quite necessary for the software company to enhance the efficiency of knowledge sharing in order to strengthening their competitiveness.
The thesis focused on the knowledge sharing among software program team while analyzing the process of their knowledge sharing and those affecting factors, before producing the model of knowledge sharing management. The thesis can be subdivided into the following parts in detail:firstly, it gave forth the study background and main arrangements the study framework; secondly, it reviewed the relative literature on the topic of knowledge sharing, and analyzed the processes of knowledge sharing among software programmers and affecting factors of knowledge sharing. Thirdly, this thesis has researched the key processes of knowledge sharing while developing software by the software team. Fourthly, the thesis has designed the supporting platform system of knowledge sharing for software developing team. At last, the thesis has give a test on the supporting system for knowledge sharing among software developers, before making a brief conclusion of this study.
引文
[1]Leigh Weiss. Collection and Connection:The Anatomy of Knowledge Sharing in Professional Service Firms [J]. Organization Development Journal,2003 (4):17
[2]Watts S. Humphrey (1927-2010),美国著名科学家,“软件质量之父”,1986年提出了软件能力成熟模型,即CMM.
[3]http://baike. baidu. com/view/977646. htm,百度百科.
[4]郭韦钰.基于市场机制的知识网络流研究[D].中国科学院博士学位论文,2006 (6):1-10.
[5]John J McGonagle, Carolyn M Vella. A Case for Competitive Intelligence [J]. Information Management Journal,2002 (4):23,26.
[6]Drucker, P. F. The New Society of Organizations[J]. Harvard Business Review,1992,5:31-35.
[7]许有志.供应链知识管理系统及其运行机制研究[D].北京科技大学博士研究生论文,2008,12：8-19.
[8]赵曙明,沈群红.知识企业与知识管理[M].南京：南京大学出版社,2000(3)：18,23.
[9]魏江,王艳.企业内部知识共享模式研究[J].技术经济与管理研究.2004(1).
[10]汪应洛,李勖.知识的转移特性研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(10).
[11]汪应洛,李勖.知识的转移特性研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(10).
[12]王丽丽,刘静冉.高校科研团队内部知识共享的障碍与攻略[J].前沿,2007(12)：122,124.
[13]张新,刘位龙.软件企业知识共享影响因素模式研究[J].信息技术与信息化,2006(5)：102.
[14]任鹏.建筑施工团队知识共享影响因素及机制的研究.大连：大连理工大学,2006：30.
[15]单雪韩.知识共享的影响因素分析与实现对策研究.杭州：浙江大学,2003：28.
[16]田洁.新产品开发团队成员知识共享的影响因素研究.杭州：浙江大 学,2006.
[17]王健.图书馆人力资源管理中的激励陷阱[J].图书馆学研究,2004(4)：9,11.
[18]秦开银.基于IT的知识型企业知识共享模式研究.西安：西安电子科技大学,2009.
[19]Stewart, G. L., Team Structure and Performance:Assessing the Mediating Role of Intra-team Process and the Moderating Role of Task Type [J]. Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(2):135-148.
[20]David Constant, Kiesler Sara, Lee Sproull. What's Mine Is Ours, or Is It? A Study of Attitudes about Information Sharing [J]. Information Systems Research,2004,5 (4).
[21]Gilbert J. Tang. An Examination of Organizational Trust Antecedents. Public Personnel Management 27,1998:38-321.
[22]Cabrera E. F.& Cabrera. A. Fostering knowledge sharing through people management practices[J],.International Journal of Human Resource Management 2005,16 (5):720-735.
[23]付森,武俊琢.基于Web的物业管理信息系统的应用与研究[J],中国管理信息化,2007(8)：20,21.
[24]王德亮,崔同良.基于物业管理系统谈软件开发[J],科技信息,2008(28)：400-401.
[25]鲁春燕,孙娟.浅析C/S模式和B/S模式的优缺点[J],福建电脑,2008(6)： 87,88.
[26]孔祥飞,屠航.基于J2EE平台的企业知识管理框架[J],轻工机械,2009(2)：115,117.
[27]谭蜻蜻,黄洪.基于Lotus平台下办公信息系统的分析与设计[J],中国西部科技.2009(4)：50,52.
[28]吴林.基于Lotus平台办公自动化系统的优化[J],铁道勘测与设计,2009(3)：91,94.
[29]李巍.浅析.NET平台[J],福建电脑阴,2008(6)：46,47.
[30]陈佳佳,钱婕等.于NET平台的信息系统开发方法[J],计算机与现代化,2009(4)：71,74.
[31]方博.广州方博信息技术有限公司.Asap 4.0自动化平台Web配置使用指导,2009.6.
[32]朱宝定.基于NET企业OA系统设计和实现,同济大学,2008.6.
[33]黄宇,王爱武.物业管理信息化功能需求研究[J],商业时代,2008(26)：52-53.
[34]张刚刚.办公自动化(OA)系统的设计与实现,山东大学,2008.10.
[35]郑逸凡.ASP.NET.MVC技术研究[J],光盘技术,19-20.
[36]中子明.C设计模型及其应用,考试周刊,2009(3)：201,202.
[37]李莎.基于MVC模式的物业管理系统的研究与实现,昆明理工大学,2007.11.
[38]Jesus Bisbal, Jane Grimson, David Bell. A formal framework for database sampling, Information and Software Technology. Volume 47, Issue 12,1 September 2005, Pages819-828.
[39]Shiyong Lu, Arthur Bernstein, Philip Lewis. Automatic workflow verification and generation, Theoretical Computer Science, Volume 353, Issues 1-3,14 March 2006, Pages 71-92.
[2]Watts S. Humphrey (1927-2010),美国著名科学家,“软件质量之父”,1986年提出了软件能力成熟模型,即CMM.
[3]http://baike. baidu. com/view/977646. htm,百度百科.
[4]郭韦钰.基于市场机制的知识网络流研究[D].中国科学院博士学位论文,2006 (6):1-10.
[5]John J McGonagle, Carolyn M Vella. A Case for Competitive Intelligence [J]. Information Management Journal,2002 (4):23,26.
[6]Drucker, P. F. The New Society of Organizations[J]. Harvard Business Review,1992,5:31-35.
[7]许有志.供应链知识管理系统及其运行机制研究[D].北京科技大学博士研究生论文,2008,12：8-19.
[8]赵曙明,沈群红.知识企业与知识管理[M].南京：南京大学出版社,2000(3)：18,23.
[9]魏江,王艳.企业内部知识共享模式研究[J].技术经济与管理研究.2004(1).
[10]汪应洛,李勖.知识的转移特性研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(10).
[11]汪应洛,李勖.知识的转移特性研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(10).
[12]王丽丽,刘静冉.高校科研团队内部知识共享的障碍与攻略[J].前沿,2007(12)：122,124.
[13]张新,刘位龙.软件企业知识共享影响因素模式研究[J].信息技术与信息化,2006(5)：102.
[14]任鹏.建筑施工团队知识共享影响因素及机制的研究.大连：大连理工大学,2006：30.
[15]单雪韩.知识共享的影响因素分析与实现对策研究.杭州：浙江大学,2003：28.
[16]田洁.新产品开发团队成员知识共享的影响因素研究.杭州：浙江大 学,2006.
[17]王健.图书馆人力资源管理中的激励陷阱[J].图书馆学研究,2004(4)：9,11.
[18]秦开银.基于IT的知识型企业知识共享模式研究.西安：西安电子科技大学,2009.
[19]Stewart, G. L., Team Structure and Performance:Assessing the Mediating Role of Intra-team Process and the Moderating Role of Task Type [J]. Academy of Management Journal,2000,43(2):135-148.
[20]David Constant, Kiesler Sara, Lee Sproull. What's Mine Is Ours, or Is It? A Study of Attitudes about Information Sharing [J]. Information Systems Research,2004,5 (4).
[21]Gilbert J. Tang. An Examination of Organizational Trust Antecedents. Public Personnel Management 27,1998:38-321.
[22]Cabrera E. F.& Cabrera. A. Fostering knowledge sharing through people management practices[J],.International Journal of Human Resource Management 2005,16 (5):720-735.
[23]付森,武俊琢.基于Web的物业管理信息系统的应用与研究[J],中国管理信息化,2007(8)：20,21.
[24]王德亮,崔同良.基于物业管理系统谈软件开发[J],科技信息,2008(28)：400-401.
[25]鲁春燕,孙娟.浅析C/S模式和B/S模式的优缺点[J],福建电脑,2008(6)： 87,88.
[26]孔祥飞,屠航.基于J2EE平台的企业知识管理框架[J],轻工机械,2009(2)：115,117.
[27]谭蜻蜻,黄洪.基于Lotus平台下办公信息系统的分析与设计[J],中国西部科技.2009(4)：50,52.
[28]吴林.基于Lotus平台办公自动化系统的优化[J],铁道勘测与设计,2009(3)：91,94.
[29]李巍.浅析.NET平台[J],福建电脑阴,2008(6)：46,47.
[30]陈佳佳,钱婕等.于NET平台的信息系统开发方法[J],计算机与现代化,2009(4)：71,74.
[31]方博.广州方博信息技术有限公司.Asap 4.0自动化平台Web配置使用指导,2009.6.
[32]朱宝定.基于NET企业OA系统设计和实现,同济大学,2008.6.
[33]黄宇,王爱武.物业管理信息化功能需求研究[J],商业时代,2008(26)：52-53.
[34]张刚刚.办公自动化(OA)系统的设计与实现,山东大学,2008.10.
[35]郑逸凡.ASP.NET.MVC技术研究[J],光盘技术,19-20.
[36]中子明.C设计模型及其应用,考试周刊,2009(3)：201,202.
[37]李莎.基于MVC模式的物业管理系统的研究与实现,昆明理工大学,2007.11.
[38]Jesus Bisbal, Jane Grimson, David Bell. A formal framework for database sampling, Information and Software Technology. Volume 47, Issue 12,1 September 2005, Pages819-828.
[39]Shiyong Lu, Arthur Bernstein, Philip Lewis. Automatic workflow verification and generation, Theoretical Computer Science, Volume 353, Issues 1-3,14 March 2006, Pages 71-92.