中国橙衣属（caloplaca Th.Fries）地衣的初步研究
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摘要
本文从形态学、解剖学、化学及地理学角度鉴定了采自全国13个
省、市、自治区的近200份橙衣属（Caloplaca）地衣标本和亲自采自内
蒙古自治区赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区的300份地衣标本。这些标本均
保存于中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆地衣标本室（HMAS-L）。
本文鉴定出中国橙衣属地衣16种，赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区地衣
44种1个变型，其中中国新记录种3个：Caloplaca crenulatella，C.
chrysophthalma，C. irrubescens。
文中提供了分种、分属检索表，并对每一种的形态、解剖、化学、
生境及在中国的分布进行了详细的描述和记录；绘出了16种橙衣属地
衣在中国的分布图。对赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区地衣区系进行了地理
成分分析，将其分为5种地理成分：环北极成分、泛热带成分、东亚
成分、欧亚北美成分和世界广布成分。
用薄层色谱法（TLC）测定了大多数鉴定的地衣种类的次生代谢产
物。
From the angles of morphology, anatomy, chemistry and geography,
approximate 200 herbarium specimens of Caloplaca collected from 13
provinces and autonomous regions in China and about 300 specimens
collected from Intramogol autonomous region Sai Hanwula National
Nature Reserve were examined. All of these specimens are
deposited in
HMAS-L.
16 species of CalopZaca~ 44 species and one formation of Sai
Hanwula
National Nature Reserve are accepted, which include 3 species new
to
China.
省、市、自治区的近200份橙衣属（Caloplaca）地衣标本和亲自采自内
蒙古自治区赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区的300份地衣标本。这些标本均
保存于中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆地衣标本室（HMAS-L）。
本文鉴定出中国橙衣属地衣16种，赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区地衣
44种1个变型，其中中国新记录种3个：Caloplaca crenulatella，C.
chrysophthalma，C. irrubescens。
文中提供了分种、分属检索表，并对每一种的形态、解剖、化学、
生境及在中国的分布进行了详细的描述和记录；绘出了16种橙衣属地
衣在中国的分布图。对赛罕乌拉国家自然保护区地衣区系进行了地理
成分分析，将其分为5种地理成分：环北极成分、泛热带成分、东亚
成分、欧亚北美成分和世界广布成分。
用薄层色谱法（TLC）测定了大多数鉴定的地衣种类的次生代谢产
物。
From the angles of morphology, anatomy, chemistry and geography,
approximate 200 herbarium specimens of Caloplaca collected from 13
provinces and autonomous regions in China and about 300 specimens
collected from Intramogol autonomous region Sai Hanwula National
Nature Reserve were examined. All of these specimens are
deposited in
HMAS-L.
16 species of CalopZaca~ 44 species and one formation of Sai
Hanwula
National Nature Reserve are accepted, which include 3 species new
to
China.
引文
(A budoula, & Wu J. N.)阿不都拉、吴继农．1998．《新疆地衣》，新疆科技卫生出版社，乌鲁木齐．pp.1-178.
Anderson, R. A.. 1967. Additions to the lichen Flora of North America.Bryologist 70: 339-343.
Arup.1994. The Genus Caloplaca on Seashore Rocks in Eastern North America.Bryologist 97 (4): 377-392.
Arup, U., S. Ekman, L. Lindblom et al. 1993. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, an improved technique for screening lichen substances.Lichenologist 25:61-71.
(Chen J. B., Wu J. N., wei J. C.)陈健斌、吴继农、魏江春．1989．神农架地衣(Lichens of Shennongjia). 见神农架真菌与地衣(in Fungi and Lichens of Shennongjia)．世界图书出版公司(World Publishing Corp, Beijing, China),pp.386-493.
(Chen L. H.)陈林海．2000．中国岛衣型地衣的研究 (博士论文，未发表)．
Clifford M. Wetmore.1994. The Lichen genus Caloplaca in North and central America with brown or black apothecia. Mycologia 86 (6): 813-838.
Culberson, C. F. & Kristnsson, H. D. 1970. A standardized method for the indentification of Lichen Products.Journ. Chrmatogr. 46: 85.
Culberson, C. F. 1972. Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products by a standardized thin layer chromatographic method, Journ.Chrmatogr. 72: 113-125.
Culberson, C. F. 1974. Conditions for the use of Merck silica gel 60 F254 plates in the standardized thin-layer-chromatographic technique for lichen products.Journ. chromatogr. 97:107-108.
Egan, R. S. 1987. A fifth checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. Bryologist 90: 77-173.
Esslinger, T, L. 1978. Studies in The Lichen Family Physciaceae Ⅱ.The Genus Phaeophyscia in North America. Mycotaxon 7 (2): 283-320.
Galloway, D. J. 1985. Flora of New Zealand Lichens. pp.60-70.
Goward T. & T. Ahti. 1992, Macrolichens and their zonal distribution in Wens Gray Provincial Park and its vicinity, British Columbia, Canada. Acta Botanica Fennica. 147: 1-60.
(Guo s. Y.)郭守玉．2000．中国石蕊属地衣学分析．菌物系统 19(2)：193-199．
(Guo S. Y.)郭守玉．1996．中国石蕊属地衣的研究(博土论文，未发表)．
Hafellner J. und Poelt J. 1979. Die Arten Der Gattung Caloplaca Mit Plubrilocul(?)ren Sporen. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 46: 1-41.
Hale, M. E. 1974. Bulbothrix, Parmelia, Relicina, and Xanthoparmelia, Four New Genera in the Parmeliaceae. Phytologia 28 (5): 470-479.
Hale, M. E. 1987. A monograph of the lichen genus Parmelia Acharius (s. str.)(Parmeliaceae). Smith. Contr. Botany 66:34.
Hattori S. 1978. Key to Japanese Species of Stereocaulon. The Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (财团法人服部植物研究所报告)No.44：209-220.
Hawksorth, D. L.1995. Dictionary of the Fungi, Printed in the UK at the University. Press. Cambridge.
Hawksworth, D. L. et al.1980.Checklist of British Lichen-forming Lichenicolous and allied fungi, Lichenologist 12:1-115.
Hertel, H.& Zhao C. F. (赵从福)1982. Lichens from Changbai Shan-some additions to the lichen flora of Northeast China. Lichenologist 14 (2):139-152.
Honegger, R. 1978. The ascus apex in lichenized fungi I .The Lecanora-,Peltigera-and Teloschistes-types. Lichenologist 10: 47-67.
Hue, A. M. 1889. Lichenes Yunnanenses a cl. Delavay praesertim annis 1886-1887, collectos exponit A.M.Hue(1). Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36:158-176.
Hue, A. M. 1891. Lichenes exoticos a professore W. Nylander descriptos vel recognitos et in herbario Musei Parisiensis pro maxima parte asservators in ordine systematico disposuit. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3 (3):33-192.
Hue, A. M. 1911. Lichenes morphologice et anatomice. Ibid. 4 (10): 169-224.
Huneck S. & Yoshimura I. 1996. Identification of Lichen substances. Springer,Germany.
James P. W. 1965. A new checklist of British Lichens. Lichenologist 3:95-107(1965).
K(?)rnefelt, I. 1990. Isididte taxa in the Teloschistales and their ecological and evolutionary significance. Lichenologist 22: 307-320.
Kashiwadani, H. 1975. The genera Physcia, Physconia, and Dirinaria (Lichens)of Japan. Ginkgoana 3: 27.
Lamb, I. M.1963. Index Nominum Lichenum inter annos 1932 et 1960 divulgatorum, pp. 1-809.New. York.
Laundon, J. R. 1992. Caloplaca, pp.141-159, in O. W. Purvis et al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London.
(Liu H. J.) 刘华杰．2000．中国肾岛衣属及其邻近属地衣的分类研究(硕士论文，未发表)．
Magnusson, A, H.1940. Lichens from Central Asia I.Rep. Sci Exped. N.W. China S.Hedin-The Sino-Swedish expedition (Pulb. 13). XI. BoT. 1: 1-168, p1.1-12,1 folded map.f. 1-3.
Magnusson, A. H..1944. Ibid.Π.Ibid.2: 1-68, p1.1-8, I test map.
Moreau, F. et Moreau, Mme. F.1951. Lichens de Chine. Rev. Bryol. et Lichenol. 20: 183-199, lmap.
Nylander, W. & J. M. Crombie .1883. on a collection of exotic lichens made in Eastern Asia by the late Dr. A. C. Maingay. J. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 20:62-66.
Santesson J. 1970. Anthraquinones in Caloplaca. Phytochemistry 9:2149-2166.
Tchou Y. T.(朱彦承).1935. Note preliminaire sur les lichens de Chine. Contr Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3: 299-322.
Thomson, J. W. 1963. The Lichen Genus Physcia in North America, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 7: 1-172.
Thrower, S. L. 1988. Hong Kong lichens. An Urban Council Publication, Hong kong.
Wade, A. 1965. The genus Caloplaca Th. Fr. in the British Isle. Lichenologist 3:1-19.
(Wang S. L.)王胜兰．2000．(博士论文，未发表)．
Wang-Yang J. R. & Lai M. J.(王杨贞容、赖明洲) 1973. A checklist of the lichens of Taiwan, Taiwania 18 (1): 83-104.
(Wei J. C. &. Chen J. B.)魏江春、陈健斌．1974．珠穆朗玛峰地区地衣区系资料(Materials for the lichen flora of the Mount Qumolangma region in Southern Xizang, China)．见 珠峰地区科考报考(生物与高山生理)：174．科学出版社。
(Wei J. C. & Jiang Y. M.)魏江春、姜玉梅．1980．西藏梅衣科地衣新种(Species novae lichenum e Parmeliaceis in regione xizangensi). Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18 (3):386-388.
(Wei J. C. & Jiang Y. M.)魏江春、姜玉梅．1981. A biogeographical analysis of the lichen flora of Mt. Qumolangma region in Xizang. Proceedings of symposium on Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau: 1145-1151, Beijing.
(Wei J. C. & Jiang Y. M.)魏江春、姜玉梅．1986. Lichens of Xizang.: 1-130.Science Press. Beijing, China
(Wei J. C.)魏江春．1981．中国地衣标本集(Lichenes sinenses exsiccati) (Fasc.1: 1-50). Bull.Bot. Res. 1 (3): 81-91.
(Wei J. C., Wang X. Y., Chen X. L. et al.)魏江春、王先业、陈锡龄．1982．中国药用地衣 (Lichenes officinales sinenses.): 1-65. Science Press, Beijing.
(Wei J. C. & Jiang Y. M.)魏江春、姜玉梅．1986．Lichens of Xizang.: 1-130. Science Press. Beijing, China
(Wei J. C.)魏江春．1991. An Enumeration of Lichens in China. International Academic Publishers (万国学术出版社). Beijing.
(Wei J. C.)魏江春．1998．菌物学大全，地衣部分(extensive mycology,Lichen part), Science Press, Beijing.
(Wu J. L.)吴金陵．1987．中国地衣植物图鉴(Lichen Iconography of China).中国展望出版社，北京．
(Wu J. N. & Qian Z.G.)吴继农、钱之广．见1989徐炳声主编．长江三角洲及临近地区孢了植物志，上海科学技术出版社(in 1989, Xu B.S. ed.:Cryptogamic flora of the Yangtze Delta and ajacent regions), pp.158-266.Sanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers.
(Wu J. N. & Xiang Ting)吴继农、项汀1981．江苏连云港云台山地衣初步研究(A preminary study of the lichens from Yuntai mountain in Lianyungang,Jiangsu), Journal of Nanjing college (Natural Science Edition)3: 1-11.
(Wu Z. Y. & Wang H. S. )吴征镒、王荷生．1983．《中国自然地理，植物地理上册》，科学出版社，北京．
Yoshimura, I. 1974. Lichen flora of Japan in Color (日本原色植物图鉴)．Hoikusha Poblishing Co., Ltd.: 1-349.
Zahlbrucker, A. 1924. Cat. Lich. Univ. 1. Leipzig. reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1951.
Zahlbrucker, A. 1928. Cat. Lich. Univ. 1. Leipzig. reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1951.
Zahlbruckner, A. 1930. Lichenes in Handel-Mazzetti, Symbolae Sinicae 3: 1-254,p1.1.
Zahlbrucker, A. 1931. Cat. Lich. Univ. 1. Leipzig. reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1951.
Zahlbruckner, A..1933. Flechten der Insel Formosa in Feddes, Repertorium sp. nov. 33: 22-68.
Zahlbrucker, A.1934. Cat. Lich. Univ. 1. Leipzig. reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1951.
(Zhao J. D.,Xu L. W., SunZ. M.)赵继鼎、徐连旺、孙增美．1982．中国地衣初 (Prodromus Lichenum Sinicorum). Science Press : 1-156. Beijing.
国家测绘局地名研究所．1994．中国地名录—中华人民共和国地图集地名索引，中国地图出版社：1-316．北京
Anderson, R. A.. 1967. Additions to the lichen Flora of North America.Bryologist 70: 339-343.
Arup.1994. The Genus Caloplaca on Seashore Rocks in Eastern North America.Bryologist 97 (4): 377-392.
Arup, U., S. Ekman, L. Lindblom et al. 1993. High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, an improved technique for screening lichen substances.Lichenologist 25:61-71.
(Chen J. B., Wu J. N., wei J. C.)陈健斌、吴继农、魏江春．1989．神农架地衣(Lichens of Shennongjia). 见神农架真菌与地衣(in Fungi and Lichens of Shennongjia)．世界图书出版公司(World Publishing Corp, Beijing, China),pp.386-493.
(Chen L. H.)陈林海．2000．中国岛衣型地衣的研究 (博士论文，未发表)．
Clifford M. Wetmore.1994. The Lichen genus Caloplaca in North and central America with brown or black apothecia. Mycologia 86 (6): 813-838.
Culberson, C. F. & Kristnsson, H. D. 1970. A standardized method for the indentification of Lichen Products.Journ. Chrmatogr. 46: 85.
Culberson, C. F. 1972. Improved conditions and new data for the identification of lichen products by a standardized thin layer chromatographic method, Journ.Chrmatogr. 72: 113-125.
Culberson, C. F. 1974. Conditions for the use of Merck silica gel 60 F254 plates in the standardized thin-layer-chromatographic technique for lichen products.Journ. chromatogr. 97:107-108.
Egan, R. S. 1987. A fifth checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. Bryologist 90: 77-173.
Esslinger, T, L. 1978. Studies in The Lichen Family Physciaceae Ⅱ.The Genus Phaeophyscia in North America. Mycotaxon 7 (2): 283-320.
Galloway, D. J. 1985. Flora of New Zealand Lichens. pp.60-70.
Goward T. & T. Ahti. 1992, Macrolichens and their zonal distribution in Wens Gray Provincial Park and its vicinity, British Columbia, Canada. Acta Botanica Fennica. 147: 1-60.
(Guo s. Y.)郭守玉．2000．中国石蕊属地衣学分析．菌物系统 19(2)：193-199．
(Guo S. Y.)郭守玉．1996．中国石蕊属地衣的研究(博土论文，未发表)．
Hafellner J. und Poelt J. 1979. Die Arten Der Gattung Caloplaca Mit Plubrilocul(?)ren Sporen. Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 46: 1-41.
Hale, M. E. 1974. Bulbothrix, Parmelia, Relicina, and Xanthoparmelia, Four New Genera in the Parmeliaceae. Phytologia 28 (5): 470-479.
Hale, M. E. 1987. A monograph of the lichen genus Parmelia Acharius (s. str.)(Parmeliaceae). Smith. Contr. Botany 66:34.
Hattori S. 1978. Key to Japanese Species of Stereocaulon. The Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (财团法人服部植物研究所报告)No.44：209-220.
Hawksorth, D. L.1995. Dictionary of the Fungi, Printed in the UK at the University. Press. Cambridge.
Hawksworth, D. L. et al.1980.Checklist of British Lichen-forming Lichenicolous and allied fungi, Lichenologist 12:1-115.
Hertel, H.& Zhao C. F. (赵从福)1982. Lichens from Changbai Shan-some additions to the lichen flora of Northeast China. Lichenologist 14 (2):139-152.
Honegger, R. 1978. The ascus apex in lichenized fungi I .The Lecanora-,Peltigera-and Teloschistes-types. Lichenologist 10: 47-67.
Hue, A. M. 1889. Lichenes Yunnanenses a cl. Delavay praesertim annis 1886-1887, collectos exponit A.M.Hue(1). Bull. Soc. Bot. France 36:158-176.
Hue, A. M. 1891. Lichenes exoticos a professore W. Nylander descriptos vel recognitos et in herbario Musei Parisiensis pro maxima parte asservators in ordine systematico disposuit. Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) 3 (3):33-192.
Hue, A. M. 1911. Lichenes morphologice et anatomice. Ibid. 4 (10): 169-224.
Huneck S. & Yoshimura I. 1996. Identification of Lichen substances. Springer,Germany.
James P. W. 1965. A new checklist of British Lichens. Lichenologist 3:95-107(1965).
K(?)rnefelt, I. 1990. Isididte taxa in the Teloschistales and their ecological and evolutionary significance. Lichenologist 22: 307-320.
Kashiwadani, H. 1975. The genera Physcia, Physconia, and Dirinaria (Lichens)of Japan. Ginkgoana 3: 27.
Lamb, I. M.1963. Index Nominum Lichenum inter annos 1932 et 1960 divulgatorum, pp. 1-809.New. York.
Laundon, J. R. 1992. Caloplaca, pp.141-159, in O. W. Purvis et al. (eds), The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London.
(Liu H. J.) 刘华杰．2000．中国肾岛衣属及其邻近属地衣的分类研究(硕士论文，未发表)．
Magnusson, A, H.1940. Lichens from Central Asia I.Rep. Sci Exped. N.W. China S.Hedin-The Sino-Swedish expedition (Pulb. 13). XI. BoT. 1: 1-168, p1.1-12,1 folded map.f. 1-3.
Magnusson, A. H..1944. Ibid.Π.Ibid.2: 1-68, p1.1-8, I test map.
Moreau, F. et Moreau, Mme. F.1951. Lichens de Chine. Rev. Bryol. et Lichenol. 20: 183-199, lmap.
Nylander, W. & J. M. Crombie .1883. on a collection of exotic lichens made in Eastern Asia by the late Dr. A. C. Maingay. J. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 20:62-66.
Santesson J. 1970. Anthraquinones in Caloplaca. Phytochemistry 9:2149-2166.
Tchou Y. T.(朱彦承).1935. Note preliminaire sur les lichens de Chine. Contr Inst. Bot. Nat. Acad. Peiping 3: 299-322.
Thomson, J. W. 1963. The Lichen Genus Physcia in North America, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 7: 1-172.
Thrower, S. L. 1988. Hong Kong lichens. An Urban Council Publication, Hong kong.
Wade, A. 1965. The genus Caloplaca Th. Fr. in the British Isle. Lichenologist 3:1-19.
(Wang S. L.)王胜兰．2000．(博士论文，未发表)．
Wang-Yang J. R. & Lai M. J.(王杨贞容、赖明洲) 1973. A checklist of the lichens of Taiwan, Taiwania 18 (1): 83-104.
(Wei J. C. &. Chen J. B.)魏江春、陈健斌．1974．珠穆朗玛峰地区地衣区系资料(Materials for the lichen flora of the Mount Qumolangma region in Southern Xizang, China)．见 珠峰地区科考报考(生物与高山生理)：174．科学出版社。
(Wei J. C. & Jiang Y. M.)魏江春、姜玉梅．1980．西藏梅衣科地衣新种(Species novae lichenum e Parmeliaceis in regione xizangensi). Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18 (3):386-388.
(Wei J. C. & Jiang Y. M.)魏江春、姜玉梅．1981. A biogeographical analysis of the lichen flora of Mt. Qumolangma region in Xizang. Proceedings of symposium on Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau: 1145-1151, Beijing.
(Wei J. C. & Jiang Y. M.)魏江春、姜玉梅．1986. Lichens of Xizang.: 1-130.Science Press. Beijing, China
(Wei J. C.)魏江春．1981．中国地衣标本集(Lichenes sinenses exsiccati) (Fasc.1: 1-50). Bull.Bot. Res. 1 (3): 81-91.
(Wei J. C., Wang X. Y., Chen X. L. et al.)魏江春、王先业、陈锡龄．1982．中国药用地衣 (Lichenes officinales sinenses.): 1-65. Science Press, Beijing.
(Wei J. C. & Jiang Y. M.)魏江春、姜玉梅．1986．Lichens of Xizang.: 1-130. Science Press. Beijing, China
(Wei J. C.)魏江春．1991. An Enumeration of Lichens in China. International Academic Publishers (万国学术出版社). Beijing.
(Wei J. C.)魏江春．1998．菌物学大全，地衣部分(extensive mycology,Lichen part), Science Press, Beijing.
(Wu J. L.)吴金陵．1987．中国地衣植物图鉴(Lichen Iconography of China).中国展望出版社，北京．
(Wu J. N. & Qian Z.G.)吴继农、钱之广．见1989徐炳声主编．长江三角洲及临近地区孢了植物志，上海科学技术出版社(in 1989, Xu B.S. ed.:Cryptogamic flora of the Yangtze Delta and ajacent regions), pp.158-266.Sanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers.
(Wu J. N. & Xiang Ting)吴继农、项汀1981．江苏连云港云台山地衣初步研究(A preminary study of the lichens from Yuntai mountain in Lianyungang,Jiangsu), Journal of Nanjing college (Natural Science Edition)3: 1-11.
(Wu Z. Y. & Wang H. S. )吴征镒、王荷生．1983．《中国自然地理，植物地理上册》，科学出版社，北京．
Yoshimura, I. 1974. Lichen flora of Japan in Color (日本原色植物图鉴)．Hoikusha Poblishing Co., Ltd.: 1-349.
Zahlbrucker, A. 1924. Cat. Lich. Univ. 1. Leipzig. reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1951.
Zahlbrucker, A. 1928. Cat. Lich. Univ. 1. Leipzig. reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1951.
Zahlbruckner, A. 1930. Lichenes in Handel-Mazzetti, Symbolae Sinicae 3: 1-254,p1.1.
Zahlbrucker, A. 1931. Cat. Lich. Univ. 1. Leipzig. reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1951.
Zahlbruckner, A..1933. Flechten der Insel Formosa in Feddes, Repertorium sp. nov. 33: 22-68.
Zahlbrucker, A.1934. Cat. Lich. Univ. 1. Leipzig. reprinted by Johnson Reprint Corporation, New York, N.Y., 1951.
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