笼养蛋鸭产蛋初期适宜粗蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平的研究
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摘要
本试验选用19周龄金定鸭216只，随机分为6个处理，每处理3个重复，每重复12只试鸭，分别饲喂相同代谢能水平(11.55MJ／kg)、不同粗蛋白质水平(15％、17％、19％)和蛋氨酸水平(0.30％、0.36％)的6种不同的饲粮，采用3×2两因素完全交叉试验设计，在笼养条件下，对试鸭进行饲养试验、代谢试验及血液生化指标分析。
饲养试验结果表明：在19～28周龄阶段，饲喂粗蛋白质水平为17％和蛋氨酸水平为0.36％饲粮的第Ⅳ组试鸭产蛋率最高，与19％高蛋白组无显著差异(P＞0.05)，在整个试验期间第Ⅳ组试鸭料蛋比最低，但料蛋比和破蛋率各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。两因素方差分析结果表明，日粮粗蛋白质水平和蛋氨酸水平两因素互作对试鸭产蛋率、产蛋量和料蛋比的影响不显著(P＞0.05)，而对平均蛋重和破蛋率有显著影响(P＜0.05)，随着蛋白水平的增加，试鸭产蛋率、产蛋量有所增加，但蛋白水平增加到19％时，产蛋率有所下降，平均蛋重各蛋白组间无显著差异(P＞0.05)，料蛋比以17％蛋白组和0.36％蛋氨酸组为最低，随日粮蛋氨酸水平的增加，试鸭产蛋率和产蛋量升高，料蛋比和破蛋率下降。
代谢试验结果表明：第Ⅳ组氮沉积率明显高于其它各组，第Ⅳ组粗纤维利用率与高蛋白组粗纤维利用率无显著差异(P＞0.05)，而粗脂肪、钙和磷的利用率显著高于其它各组(P＜0.05)，能量和有机物质利用率呈现第1组至第Ⅵ组依次递减的趋势，第Ⅳ组钠、钾利用率高于第Ⅵ组，差异显著(P＜0.05)，而与第Ⅴ组无显著差异(P＞0.05)，第Ⅳ组锰和铁利用率与高蛋白组锰和铁利用率无明显差异(P＞0.05)，日粮粗蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平两因素互作对氮沉积率和钠、钾利用率的影响显著(P＜0.05)，对粗纤维、粗脂肪、钙、镁和锰利用率的影响极显著(P＜0.01)，而对能量、有机物质、磷和铁利用率则无显著影响(P＞0.05)。
血清生化指标测定试验结果表明：第Ⅳ组试鸭血清尿素氮、肌酸酐的含量明显低于其它各组，第Ⅳ组血清尿酸含量显著低于高蛋白组(P＜0.05)，血清总蛋白的含量与19％高蛋白组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。两因素互作对血清肌酐和血清尿酸含量的影响极显著(P＜0.01)，而对血清尿素氮和血清总蛋白含量无显著影响(P＞0.05)。
The experiment was conducted to study the requirements of dietary protein and methionine for cage-feeding Jin-ding ducks from 19-28 weeks. In the experiment, the 216 Jin-ding ducks of commercial strain(19 weeks of ages) were assigned to six groups randomly with three replicates of 12 ducks per group. Each group was fed with the crude protein(CP) contents of 15%, 17%, 19% and methionine(Met) contents of 0.30%,0.36% diets contained 11.55MJ/kg metabolizable energy(ME) respectively, n 3+2 factorial arrangements.
The results of rearing experiment showed that in the stage from nineteen to twenty-eight weeks, ducks receiving CP level 17% and Met level 0.36% diets had a higher laying rate than all other groups, while no significant difference from the high protein groups(P>0.05). In this trials, the feed conversion rate of group IV was the lowest among all groups. There was no significant effect on the feed conversion rate and broken egg rate(P>0.05).The interaction of dietary CP and Met levels had no significant effect on the laying rate, egg production and feed conversion rate(P>0.05),but significant on the average egg weight and broken egg rate(P<0.05). The laying rate and egg production increased with the growth of CP levels, and the laying rate decreased when dietary CP level 19%. The average egg weight had no significant difference among groups(P>0.05), the feed conversion ratio of the group receiving CP level 17% and Met level 0.36% was the lowest. The laying rate and egg production of ducks increase and the feed conversion rate decrease with the growth of the dietary Met level.
The results of metabolic trial revealed that retention of nitrogen of group IV was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05) in the earlier stage of laying ducks. The availability of dietary EF of group IV was insignificantly different from the high dietary CP level groups(P>0.05),and tended to increase while aging. The dietary EE, Ca, P availability of group IV were significantly higher than all other groups(P<0.05),but dietary energy and organic matter tended to decrease from group I to group IV .The availability of dietary Na and K of groupIV was significantly higher than groupVI(P<0.05),and insignificantly different from group V(P>0.05).The availability of dietary Mn and Fe of groupIV were insignificantly different from the high dietary CP level groups(P>0.05).The interaction effect of dietary CP and Met levels had significant influence on retention of nitrogen, the availability of dietary Na, and great influence on the availability of K, EF, EE, Ca, Mg and Mn(P<0.01)while insignificant on the availability dietary energy, organic matter, P and Fe(P>0.05).
The measure trial of serum biochemical indexes was indicated that serum BUN and CRE contents of groupIV were significantly lower than all other groups, serum uric acid contents
significantly lower than high protein groups(P<0.05).The content of serum total protein of group IV had an insignificant difference from the high dietary CP groups(P>0.05).The interaction of the dietary CP and Met levels had significant greatly influence on serum creatinine and serum uric acid(P<0.01),and insignificant on BUN and serum total protein(P>0.05).
Master candidate: Song Chunling Major: Animal Nutrition and Feed Science
Supervisor: Prof. Wang An
饲养试验结果表明：在19～28周龄阶段，饲喂粗蛋白质水平为17％和蛋氨酸水平为0.36％饲粮的第Ⅳ组试鸭产蛋率最高，与19％高蛋白组无显著差异(P＞0.05)，在整个试验期间第Ⅳ组试鸭料蛋比最低，但料蛋比和破蛋率各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05)。两因素方差分析结果表明，日粮粗蛋白质水平和蛋氨酸水平两因素互作对试鸭产蛋率、产蛋量和料蛋比的影响不显著(P＞0.05)，而对平均蛋重和破蛋率有显著影响(P＜0.05)，随着蛋白水平的增加，试鸭产蛋率、产蛋量有所增加，但蛋白水平增加到19％时，产蛋率有所下降，平均蛋重各蛋白组间无显著差异(P＞0.05)，料蛋比以17％蛋白组和0.36％蛋氨酸组为最低，随日粮蛋氨酸水平的增加，试鸭产蛋率和产蛋量升高，料蛋比和破蛋率下降。
代谢试验结果表明：第Ⅳ组氮沉积率明显高于其它各组，第Ⅳ组粗纤维利用率与高蛋白组粗纤维利用率无显著差异(P＞0.05)，而粗脂肪、钙和磷的利用率显著高于其它各组(P＜0.05)，能量和有机物质利用率呈现第1组至第Ⅵ组依次递减的趋势，第Ⅳ组钠、钾利用率高于第Ⅵ组，差异显著(P＜0.05)，而与第Ⅴ组无显著差异(P＞0.05)，第Ⅳ组锰和铁利用率与高蛋白组锰和铁利用率无明显差异(P＞0.05)，日粮粗蛋白质和蛋氨酸水平两因素互作对氮沉积率和钠、钾利用率的影响显著(P＜0.05)，对粗纤维、粗脂肪、钙、镁和锰利用率的影响极显著(P＜0.01)，而对能量、有机物质、磷和铁利用率则无显著影响(P＞0.05)。
血清生化指标测定试验结果表明：第Ⅳ组试鸭血清尿素氮、肌酸酐的含量明显低于其它各组，第Ⅳ组血清尿酸含量显著低于高蛋白组(P＜0.05)，血清总蛋白的含量与19％高蛋白组无显著差异(P＞0.05)。两因素互作对血清肌酐和血清尿酸含量的影响极显著(P＜0.01)，而对血清尿素氮和血清总蛋白含量无显著影响(P＞0.05)。
The experiment was conducted to study the requirements of dietary protein and methionine for cage-feeding Jin-ding ducks from 19-28 weeks. In the experiment, the 216 Jin-ding ducks of commercial strain(19 weeks of ages) were assigned to six groups randomly with three replicates of 12 ducks per group. Each group was fed with the crude protein(CP) contents of 15%, 17%, 19% and methionine(Met) contents of 0.30%,0.36% diets contained 11.55MJ/kg metabolizable energy(ME) respectively, n 3+2 factorial arrangements.
The results of rearing experiment showed that in the stage from nineteen to twenty-eight weeks, ducks receiving CP level 17% and Met level 0.36% diets had a higher laying rate than all other groups, while no significant difference from the high protein groups(P>0.05). In this trials, the feed conversion rate of group IV was the lowest among all groups. There was no significant effect on the feed conversion rate and broken egg rate(P>0.05).The interaction of dietary CP and Met levels had no significant effect on the laying rate, egg production and feed conversion rate(P>0.05),but significant on the average egg weight and broken egg rate(P<0.05). The laying rate and egg production increased with the growth of CP levels, and the laying rate decreased when dietary CP level 19%. The average egg weight had no significant difference among groups(P>0.05), the feed conversion ratio of the group receiving CP level 17% and Met level 0.36% was the lowest. The laying rate and egg production of ducks increase and the feed conversion rate decrease with the growth of the dietary Met level.
The results of metabolic trial revealed that retention of nitrogen of group IV was significantly higher than other groups(P<0.05) in the earlier stage of laying ducks. The availability of dietary EF of group IV was insignificantly different from the high dietary CP level groups(P>0.05),and tended to increase while aging. The dietary EE, Ca, P availability of group IV were significantly higher than all other groups(P<0.05),but dietary energy and organic matter tended to decrease from group I to group IV .The availability of dietary Na and K of groupIV was significantly higher than groupVI(P<0.05),and insignificantly different from group V(P>0.05).The availability of dietary Mn and Fe of groupIV were insignificantly different from the high dietary CP level groups(P>0.05).The interaction effect of dietary CP and Met levels had significant influence on retention of nitrogen, the availability of dietary Na, and great influence on the availability of K, EF, EE, Ca, Mg and Mn(P<0.01)while insignificant on the availability dietary energy, organic matter, P and Fe(P>0.05).
The measure trial of serum biochemical indexes was indicated that serum BUN and CRE contents of groupIV were significantly lower than all other groups, serum uric acid contents
significantly lower than high protein groups(P<0.05).The content of serum total protein of group IV had an insignificant difference from the high dietary CP groups(P>0.05).The interaction of the dietary CP and Met levels had significant greatly influence on serum creatinine and serum uric acid(P<0.01),and insignificant on BUN and serum total protein(P>0.05).
Master candidate: Song Chunling Major: Animal Nutrition and Feed Science
Supervisor: Prof. Wang An
引文
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2 陈安国等．不同饲粮蛋白质水平对绍鸭早期生长的影响．浙江农业大学学报．1992，18(4)：69～73
3 陈安国等．绍鸭生长期饲粮蛋白质水平对育成后产蛋性能的影响．浙江农业大学学报．1998,24(6)：647～652
4 陈晖等．圈养蛋用鸭营养的需要．福建畜牧兽医．1986,8(2)：11～12
5 陈立祥等．建昌鸭和天建杂交肉鸭蛋氨酸需要量的研究，四川省农业大学学报．1991,(4)：630～642
6 陈雪君．绍鸭增重蛋白质需要量的研究．科技通报．2000(6)：14～17
7 陈岩峰．我国蛋鸭生产的现状与发展对策．中国禽业导刊．2000,17(7)：6
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