用户名: 密码: 验证码:
西部地区村卫生室卫生服务能力评价指标体系构建研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
研究目的
     本研究旨在综合运用定性和定量研究方法,建立一套适合于西部地区村卫生室卫生服务能力实际情况、具有较高信度、效度和区分度并易于实际应用和推广的村卫生室卫生服务能力评价指标体系,为卫生行政部门和管理机构加强村卫生室卫生服务的科学化、标准化、规范化管理提供参考和依据。
     研究方法
     采用文献情报分析法、个人访谈、专题小组访谈、现场调查、Delphi专家咨询法用于建立指标体系,并采用模糊数学综合评判法计算指标权重系数;采用因子分析法、聚类分析和方差分析等数理统计方法进行指标体系的效度、信度和区分度的检验;运用综合指数法和加权Topsis法二种评价方法进行综合评价。
     研究内容
     (1)查阅和研究卫生服务评价基本理论、方法以及国内外相关研究成果,确立研究框架和结构;
     (2)采用专家咨询以及文献查阅等方法确定村卫生室基本服务项目和服务内容;
     (3)通过现场调查,了解西部地区村卫生室服务能力现状,发现存在的问题并提出相关政策建议;
     (4)通过运用专家访谈、专家咨询法以及现场调查等方法筛选并建立评价指标体系,计算指标权重;
     (5)运用综合指数法和加权Topsis法二种评价方法,对西部地区部分村卫生室进行综合评价,并运用Kendall协同系数检验法进行趋同性检验,验证评价指标的稳定性和指标体系的可操作性;
     (6)采用因子分析法、聚类分析和方差分析等数理统计方法评价指标体系的效度、信度和区分度;
     (7)建立标准化评价指标体系,形成可操作的评价手册。
     研究结果
     (1)通过专家咨询、重点知情人物访谈等方法,从服务条件、公共卫生服务、基本医疗服务和非医疗服务能力四个方面构建村卫生室服务能力评价指标体系,同时将每个一类指标按照不同层次分为三级。
     (2)一级评价指标中,服务条件包括设备设施、人力资源和财力资源3个二级指标以及二级指标下9个三级指标;公共卫生服务中包括妇幼保健、健康教育、疾病控制和协助工作4个二级指标以及二级指标下22个三级指标;基本医疗服务中包括常见病诊治、急诊急救及规范服务3个二级指标以及常见病、多发病诊疗知识考核合格比例、常见急症知识考核合格比例、处方书写规范率和基本药物占处方用药的百分比4个三级指标;非医疗服务能力包括反应性和满意度2个二级指标以及社区居民反应性和社区居民和村委会满意度2个三级指标。
     (3)通过专家咨询和Fuzzy综合评判法确定每级指标的权重。一级指标的权重值分别为0.243333、0.400833、0.261667、0.094167;二级指标的权重分别为0.100417、0.095000、0.047917、0.054615、0.145769、0.077308、0.081667、0.046667、0.116667、0.060833、0.084167、0.046667、0.047500。
     (4)对各二级评价指标进行因子分析,验证评价指标体系的结构效度。服务条件的二级指标因子分析结果显示,共提取3个公因子,其贡献率达到了76.355%。因子1受人员培训、人员数量和人员资质的影响,可看作服务条件中的“人力资源”;因子2受设备、房屋面积、房屋设置和药品数量的影响,可看作服务条件中的“设备设施”;因子3受上级经费投入的影响,可看作服务条件中的“财力资源”。同法对其他一级指标下属的二级指标进行因子分析,结果均显示因子分析的结果与一级评价指标预设的指标相近,表明指标体系设计在总体上具有较好的结构效度,内在结构基本稳定。
     (5)计算克朗巴赫α系数反映指标的内在信度。二级指标的克朗巴赫α标准值为0.82,三级指标的克朗巴赫α标准值为0.92,α值均大于0.7,指标的信度较高。
     (6)聚类分析结果显示,八个评价地区分成好、中、差三类较为合理,方差分析的结果也表明,三组之间以及每两组之间的差异在统计学上有显著意义(P<0.05),指标体系具有较好的区分度。
     (7)综合评价的结果显示各种评价方法结果比较趋同(协同系数W=0.5982,近似卡方值x~2=16.7500,p<0.05),说明了所筛选出的评价指标能用于西部地区村卫生室卫生服务能力评价。
     结论
     (1)村卫生室基本卫生服务项目和内容应贯彻预防为主的方针,开展农村地区常见病、多发病的初步诊治和公共卫生服务,满足农村居民卫生服务需求。
     (2)评价指标体系具有较为合理的结构,评价内容完整。
     (3)采用Delphi专家咨询法对评价指标进行筛选,结果较为可靠。
     (4)在专家评判的基础上,采用模糊评判方法计算指标权重,确保了计算结果的科学性、准确性和合理性。
     (5)指标体系具有较好的信度、效度和区分度,具备运用于实践的基本条件。
     (6)不同综合评价方法的结果具有较好的一致性,说明评价指标体系有较好的稳定性和可操作性,也说明评价指标体系能够用于对村卫生室卫生服务能力的评价。
Research Purposes
     This research is to use qualitative and quantitative methods to develop ancomprehensive and scientific evaluation indicator system with high validity,reliability anddifferentiation for evaluating health service capacity of village clinics in western areas ofchina,which is suitable for the current development situation of health services of villageclinics in western areas and easy to carry out and spread,and thereby provide reference andbasis for strengthening scientific,standardized and normalized administration of healthservices of village clinics for health administrative departments and organizations.
     Research Methods
     In this study,literature review and analysis,personal interview,group discussion,fieldinvestigation and Delphi method were used to develop the indicator system,and fuzzymathematical method was used to calculate the weight of the indicators.Factor analysis,cluster analysis and ANOVA analysis were adopted to test the validity,reliability anddifferentiation of indicator system.Comprehensive Indicator Method、Weighted Topsismethod,Grey Relation Analysis Method and Projection Pursuit Method were applied toevaluate the service capacity of the village clinics.
     Research Contents
     (1) To establish the basic framework of the research by reviewing the relevant theoryand methods of the health evaluation as well as some of relevant researches.
     (2) To determine the basic health service items and contents of the village clinics byusing Delphi method and literature review.
     (3) To understand the current status of the village clinics in western areas of China,andto find the existing problems and bring forward the suggestions by carrying out the filedinvestigation.
     (4) To select the indicators by using experts discussion and Delphi method and tocalculate the weight of indicators by using fuzzy mathematical evaluation method
     (5) to evaluate the service capacity of the village clinics by using ComprehensiveIndicator Method、Weighted Topsis method,Grey Relation Analysis Method and ProjectionPursuit Method and to verify the stability of indicators and operability of the evaluationindicators system by calculating Kendall's coefficient of concordance.
     (6) to test the validity,reliability and differentiation of indicator system by selecting themethods of Factor analysis,cluster analysis and ANOVA analysis.
     (7) To develop the standard evaluation indicator system and form the operationalevaluation handbook.
     Research Results
     (1)An evaluation indicator system for health service capacity of village clinics in Chinais to be developed in four aspects of service conditions,public health services capability,basic medical services capability and non-medical services capability respectively,by meansof experts consultation,key informant interviews,etc.Meanwhile,each category ofindicator is to be classified into 3 classes according to its levels.
     (2)In class 1 evaluation indicators,3 class 2 indicators (equipment and facilities,humanresources,financial resources) and 9 class 3 indicators under class 2 indicators are included in service conditions;4 class 2 indicators (maternal and children health care,healtheducation,disease control,assistant work) and 22 class 3 indicators under class 2 indicatorsare included in public health services;3 class 2 indicators (diagnosis and treatment ofcommon diseases,emergency treatment,standard services) and 4 class 3 indicators (exampass rate of knowledge on diagnosis and treatment of common diseases andfrequently-occurring diseases,exam pass rate of knowledge on common acute diseases,rateof standard writing of prescriptions,the percentage of basic drugs to prescription drugs) areincluded in basic medical services;2 class 2 indicators (reactivity,the degree of satisfaction)and 2 class 3 indicators (reactivity of community residents,the degree of satisfaction ofcommunity residents and village committees) are included in non-medical servicescapability.
     (3)The weighting of each class of indicators is determined by experts consultation andFuzzy comprehensive judgment method.The weighting of class 1 indicators is 0.2433,0.4008,0.2617 and 0.0942 respectively.The weighting of class 2 indicators is0.100417,0.095000,0.047917,0.054615,0.145769,0.077308,0.081667,0.046667,0.116667,0.060833,0.084167,0.046667 and 0.047500 respectively.
     (4)Factor analysis to each two classes of evaluation indicators is made to test thestructural validity of the indicator system.The factor analysis of the second class indicatorsof Service Conditions showed that totally three common factors were extracted,theaccumulative variance reached 76.355%.The common factor 1 (F1) is mainly influenced byvariable“Number of village doctors per 1,000 population”,”Rate of holders of PracticingCertificate for Village Doctors”,”Rate of village doctors participated in trainings within twoyears”and“Exam pass rate of village doctors”and it could be named as Human Resources;F2 is mainly influenced by variable“Area of buildings for business”,”Arrangement ofbuildings for business”,”Rate of basic equipment equipped”and“Quantity and category ofdrugs”and it could be named as Equipment and Facilities;F3 influenced by variable“Amount of funds invested in village clinics by higher authorities”and it could be named as Financial Resources.The results of factor analysis are accordant with the expected resultsand it shows the indicator system has good validity.
     (5)The internal reliability of indicators is reflected by calculation of Cronbach'scoefficient a.The standard value of Cronbach's coefficient a for class 2 indicators is 0.8193;the standard value of Cronbach's coefficient a for class 3 indicators is 0.9179.The values ofa for class 2 and class 3 indicators are all larger than 0.7,indicating higher reliability ofindicators.
     (6)According to the cluster analysis,it is appropriate to divide the 8 evaluated districtsinto 3 groups,and the ANOVA analysis showed that the differences among the three groupsand between every two groups are statistical significant (P<0.05) ,the differentiation of theindicators is good.
     (7)The results of evaluation showing relevant convergence of different evaluationmethods (coefficient of concordance w=0.5982,x2=16.7500,p=0.01) indicate that theseevaluation indicators can be used for health service capacity evaluation of village clinics andthe evaluation indicator system is relatively stable.
     Conclusions
     (1)The service items and contents of the village clinics should base on the preventivehealth service and carry out the basic medical health service for the rural residents to meettheir health service demands.
     (2)The evaluation indicator system has relatively reasonable structure as well asintegral and complete contents in evaluation.
     (3)The results are relatively reliable as evaluation indices are screened with Delphiexpert consultation method.
     (4)On the basis of judgment by experts,the weighting of indicators is calculated withFuzzy judgment method to ensure scientific,accurate and reasonable calculation results.
     (5)The indicator system has good validity,reliability and differentiation and it issuitable for evaluating the village clinics.
     (6)The results of different comprehensive evaluation methods shows the evaluationindicator system has good stability and operability,and also indicates that the evaluationindicator system developed can be used for evaluation of health service capacity of villageclinics.
引文
1.中共中央、国务院.关于进一步加强农村卫生工作的决定,中发[2002]13号
    2.胡锦涛.高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,为夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利而奋斗--在中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会上的报告,2007.10.15.
    3.卫生部新闻办公室.卫生部通报2008年第三季度全国新型农村合作医疗运行情况,2008.12.10.
    4.白剑峰.我国人均期望寿命达73岁--改革开放30年医疗卫生事业成就显著[N].人民日报,2008-10-21(02).
    5.国务院新闻办公室[EB][2007-09-05].http://www.scio.gov.cn/zt2007/scio/xwfbh/200712/t141595.htm
    6.中国广播网[EB][2008-10-22].http://www.cnr.cn/
    7.中华人民共和国卫生部.2007年中国卫生统计年鉴[M].中国协和医科大学出版社.北京,2007
    8.内蒙古新闻网:30年卫生改革发展取得显著成效.[EB][2008-12-24].www.nmgnews.com.cn
    9.中华人民共和国卫生部.2008年中国卫生统计年鉴[M].中国协和医科大学出版社.北京,2008
    10.张朝阳:30年来农村卫生问题取得5个方面的成效.[EB][2008-12-05].www.people.com.cn
    11.星岛环球网:中国性病发病率每年以20%至30%速度增加[EB][2006-04-22].www.singtaonet.com
    12.中国发展门户网:2007年02月01日农村卫生服务体系建设与发展规划[EB][2007-02-01].www.chinagate.com.cn
    13.毕育学,颜虹.中国西部5省40个贫困县村卫生室综合评价[J],中国初级卫生保健,2001,(15)1:12-14
    14.钱序,李枫.贵州省综合试点项目县村级卫生服务现状调查[J],中国初级卫生保健,2007,14(7):19-21
    15.张西凡.山东省农村卫生室现况研究[D].2006
    16.李秀芳,徐月华,等.宁夏回族自治区6县(市)村卫生室现状分析[J],中国初级卫生保健,2000,14(10):22-23
    17.曲江斌,孟庆跃,等.山东省农村卫生室现状抽样调查(二)[J],中国卫生经济,2006,2(2):29-31
    18.曲江斌,孟庆跃,等.山东省农村卫生室现状抽样调查(三)[J],中国卫生经济,2006,3(3):34-35
    19.中华人民共和国财政部网站-财政部2007年“两会”代表委员建议提案答复摘要专题栏目-关于 “政府加大对卫生总费用投入,重点向农村倾斜”提案的答复
    20.彼得.罗西,霍华德.弗里曼,马克.李普希.项目评估方法与技术[M].北京:华夏出版社,第6 版,2002
    21.Shortell SM.Health programme evaluation.Saint Louis:The C.V.Mosby Company,1978.
    22.谭得俅.以系统论为指导,全方位贯彻现代医学模式[J].医学与社会,1999,(4):29-32
    23.Milton I.Roemer.Evaluation of health service programs and levels of measurement[R],HSMHA Health Rep.1971 September;86(9):839-848.
    24.Klein,B.Evaluating outcomes of health care:An annotated bibliography[M],California Center for Health Services Research,Los Angeles,August 1969.
    25.World Health Organization.Methodology in public health studies:A selected bibliography.MC/RES/68.5.Geneva,Dacember 1968.
    26.Beaulieu J,Scutchfield FD,Kelly AV.Content and cHterion validity evaluation of National Public Health Performance Standards measurement instruments [J].Public Health Rep,2003,118 (6):508-517.
    27.M.Nimb(1980).Psychiatry and Primary Health Services in Developing and Developed Countries[M].Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 62(s285),103—111.
    28.朱玲.公办村级卫生室对保障基本医疗保健服务供给的作用[J].管理世界,2000,(4):33-36
    29.姿峥嵘.公共管理理论在中国的适用性分析[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2006,(2):116-120
    30.赵素卿.公共管理与公共管理中国化[J].中共山西省委党校学报,2002,(4):26-29
    31.Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.Public Management Developments[M].Paris:OECD,1990:11.
    32.Vernon ogdanor.The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Political Institutions[M].Oxford:Basil Blackwell,1987:504-506.
    33.路冠军.均等化取向下的农村公共卫生服务体系构建:基于皖北三县的调查与分析[Jl.农村经济,2007,(11):83-85
    34.约翰.罗尔斯.何怀宏译.正义论[M],北京:中国社会科学出版社,1988
    35.郑大喜.试论制度安排与健康公平的实现[J].中国医院管理,2007,(1):5-8
    36.梁多.健康公平:世界性的焦点与难题[J].求索,2006,(6):106-107
    37.姜兰姝.关于健康公平现实选择.医学与哲学[J],2005,(10):52-53
    38.A.Culyer.Equity-some theory and its policy mplications[J],J Med Ethics,2001 August;27(4):275-283.
    39.星一,郭岩.健康公平的研究进展[J].国外医学(医院管理分册),1999,(4):61-66
    40.周济.可持续发展理论与实践[M],厦门:厦门大学出版社,1999
    41.李龙熙.对可持续发展理论的诠释与解析[J].行政与法,2005,(1):5-7
    42.王小燕.卫生可持续发展模式[J].卫生经济研究,2002,(8):13-14
    43.Pe Beaulieu J,Scutchfield FD,Kelly AV.Content and criterion validity evaluation of National Public Health Performance Standards measurement instruments[J].Public Health Rep.2003 Nov-Dec;118(6):508-17.
    44.薛迪.社区医疗服务质量评价的意义与方法[J].中华医院管理志,1999,15(4):216-218
    45.Wendy Leebov,Gail Scott.The Customer Satisfactory Strategy for Health Care[M].USA American hospital publishing,1994
    46.Beaulieu J,Scutchfield FD,Kelly AV.Content and criterion validity evaluation of National Public Health Performance Standards measurement instruments[J].Public Health Rep.2003 Nov-Dec;118(6):508-17.
    47.Newell,K,W,ed.Health by the people.Genea[R].WHO,1975
    48.Elnekave E.Gross R.A Consumer Based Tool for Evaluating the Quality of Health Services in the Israeli Health Care System Following Reform [J].HealthPolicy 68 (2):143-158
    49.yon dem Knesebeck,Joksimovic L,Badura B,Siegrist J.Evaluation of a community-level health policy intervention[J].Health Policy,2002,61(1):111-22
    50.K.L.Whiteetal.Health services:ConcePts and Information for National Planning and Mnagement[R].WH0,Public Health Papers,1977:67-69
    51.WHO.Integration of Health Care Delivery,Report of a WHO Study Group.Ge neva[R].World Health Organization,1996:22
    52.陈英耀.卫生服务评价[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2007
    53.龚幼龙,冯学山.卫生服务研究[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2002
    54.赵瑞峰.公共政策分析[M].北京:中国时代经济出版社,2007
    55.陈庆云.公共政策分析[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006
    56.曹建安,张禾.国内外企业绩效评价发展的几个新特点[J].生产力研究,2003,(1):101-103
    57.李文琴,李红霞.中国城市环境可持续发展指标体系初探[J].西安科技学院学报,2001,21(2):171-174.
    58.牛新国,李月彬,贾增发.城市可持续发展评价指标体系初探[J].监测与评价,1998,(08):21-23.
    59.威廉.邓恩.公共政策分析导论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002
    60.卢祖洵.社会医学[M].北京:科学技术出版社,2003
    61.Fitzgerald L,Johnston R,Brignal S,et al.Performance measurement in service business,The chartered institute of management accountants,Unwin,Surrey,1991
    62.Donabedian A.Evaluating the quality in medica Icare.Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly,1966;44:166
    63.Paul A.Lembake.Evaluation of the medical audit,J AMA.1967;199(8):111-118
    64.Dennis S.O.Leary,etal.From quality assurance to quality improvement[J].Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America,1992;10(3):477-492
    65.Joan L.Herman,et al.Evaluator's handbook[J].SAGE publications,1987:17-19
    66.吴建南,李贵宁.基于利益相关主体及作业活动分析的政府绩效指标设计方法研究.郭济.绩效政府:理论与创新[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
    67.WHO.The World Health Report 2000:Health Systems:Improving Performance.WHO,Switzerland,http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/index.html
    68.顾海.我国医疗顾客满意度指数模型构建[J].现代经济探讨,2008,(4):53-56
    69.C.Darby,N.Valentine,C.JL Murray,at el.Strategy on measuring responsiveness.GPE DiscussionPaper Series:No.23,Geneva,WHO,2001.1
    70.江芹,胡善联,刘宝等.卫生系统反应性的概念与测量[J].卫生经济研究,2001,(7):9-12
    71.赵瑞峰,龙文娟.平衡计分卡:公共部门绩效评估的新路径[J].广西社会科学,2007,(7):167-170
    72.Huang Shu-hsin,Chen Ping-ling.Using a balanced scorecard to improve the performance of an emergency department[J].Nursing Economics,2004,22(3):140-146.
    73.Kathleen EV,Jonathon SR,Richard F.The balanced scorecard in healthcare organizations:a performance measurement and strategic planning methodology[J].Hospital Topics,2001(79):13-24
    74.AHCPR.National medical expenditure survey:Questionnaries and data collection methods for medical provider survey[R].1992
    75.AHCPR.Health services research on rural health.NIH Guide for grants and contracts[R].1992,21(16)
    76.于浩,等.贫困农村卫生服务利用的公平性研究[J].中国卫生经济.16(4):34-36,1997
    77.王小完,骆正山.如何构建资源可持续发展评价指标体系[J].技术与创新管理,2004,25(2):18-20
    78.王静,张亮,冯占春,等.农村乡镇卫生院服务质量评价指标分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2006,2:119-121
    79.龚幼龙.社会医学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003
    80.于浩,陆志刚等.用加权秩和比法评价妇幼卫生服务状况[J].南京医科大学学报,1997,17(4):346-349
    81.王凯娟,代丽萍,等.农村居民卫生服务需求与利用调查[J].中国公共卫生,18(7):864,2002
    82.中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2003[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2003
    83.曹建海.过度竞争论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002
    84.Terry H,Roy W.SWOT analysis:it is time's for a product recall[J].Long Range Planning,1997,30:46-52
    85.Christiansen T.A SWOT analysis of the organization and financing of the Danish health care system[J].Health Policy.2002 Feb;59(2):99-106.
    86.赵焕臣等.层次分析[M].北京:科学出版社,1986
    87.王以彭,李结松等.层次分析法在确定评价指标权重系数中的应用[J].第一军医大学学报,1999,19(4):377-379
    88.刘丽.层次分析加权法在评价医院综合效益中的应用[J].中国医院统计,1995,2(3):136
    89.孙振球,徐勇勇.医学统计学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2002
    90.贺佳,高尔生等.综合评价中权重系数及标准化法研究[J].中国公共卫生,20011,7(11):1048-1050
    91.金新政.软科学研究方法[M].武汉:科学技术出版社,2002:179-200
    92.Charnes A.,Cooper W.W.and Rhodes E.Measuring the Efficiency of Decision2making Units.Eur.J.Oper.Res.1978,2,429-444
    93.Charnes A.,Cooper W.W.and Rhodes E.Evaluating Program and Managerial Efficiency:An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Program Follow Through.Manag.Sci.
    94.白雪梅,赵松山.由指标重要性确定权重的方法探讨[J].江苏统计,1998,3:22-24
    95.杜栋,庞庆华.现代综合评价方法与案例精选[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
    96.杨松林.工程模糊论方法及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1996
    97.张小容,张复新.应用模糊综合评判法对医疗质量进行综合评价[J].数理医药学杂志,2001,14(5):456-457
    98.Joseph P.Martino.A review of selected recent advances in technological forecasting[J].Technological Forecasting & Social Change 70 (2003) 719-733
    99.刘玉秀,徐少青.TOPSIS法用于医院工作质量的多指标综合评价[J].中国卫生统计,1993,10(2):12-15
    100.张家放.医用多元统计方法[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社.2002
    101.E Thanassoulis,A Boussofiane and RG Dyson.A comparison of data envelopment analysis and ratio analysis as tools for performance assessment.Omega Int.J.Mgmt.Sci,1996,24(3):229-244
    102.陈英耀,付晨,艾晓星等.上海卫生政策情境分析研究设计[J].中国卫生资源,2003,6(4):155-156
    103.倪宗瓒.医学统计学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.2000
    104.陈国宏,陈衍泰,李美娟.组合评价系统综合研究[J],复旦学报(自然科学版),2003,(10):667-672
    105.王德利,陈育德,饶克勤.卫生服务综合评价模型的研究[J].中国卫生经济,1996,15(9):34-36
    106.国家1994年制定的村卫生室建设标准
    107.卫生部办公厅.农村卫生文件汇编.
    108.绍兴市卫生局,绍兴市食品药品监管局.关于绍兴市村卫生室规范化建设的意见.2006.10.19
    109.江苏省卫生厅、省计委、省财政厅、省人事厅、省中医药局关于农村卫生机构改革与管理的实施意见.苏卫基妇[2003)8号
    110.安徽省卫生厅.安徽省村卫生室管理办法
    111.陕西省卫生厅.陕西省村卫生室公共卫生服务考核管理办法
    112.重庆市卫生局.重庆市乡村医生考核内容及方法.渝卫[2005]88号
    113.江西省卫生厅.关于加强村卫生室(所)建设的意见.赣府厅发[2005]17号
    114.湖南省卫生厅.关于加快农村卫生改革与发展的意见.湘政办发[2002]9号
    115.关于贯彻国家5部委《关于农村卫生机构改革与管理的意见》的意见.川卫发[2003]4号
    116.王芳.社区卫生服务绩效评价指标体系研究[D].2006
    117.陶理.“头脑风暴法”在决策中的应用[M].中国出版,1985(5):25
    118.曾光.现代流行病学方法与应用[M].北京:北京医科大学中国协和医科大学联合出版社.1994.250—270
    119.Jan A Kors,et al.The Delphi Method:A Review of its Application in Medicine[J].Netherlands:The Netherlands Press.1989,150-160.
    120.孙振球,田凤调.医用综合评价[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,2—4,14—15,31,158
    121.陈克东,黄柳,唐生强.设计高等教育评估指标体系的几个原则[J].广西高等研究,2002(3):111—112
    122.罗家洪,李晓梅,等.四县新型农村合作医疗定点医疗机构服务状况评价[J].昆明医学院学报,2006,(4):59-62
    123.肖霞.农村某贫困民族社区居民初级卫生保健现状案例研究[M].2006
    124.吕龙驹,刘毅,等.四川省贫困地区村卫生室服务能力现状分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2006,2(212).70-72
    125.Joseph P.Martino.A review of selected recent advances in technological forecasting[J].Technological Forecasting & Social Change 70 (2003) 719-733
    126.Brent Graham,Glenn Regehr,James G.Wright.Delphi as a method to establish consensus for diagnostic criteria[J].Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 56 (2003) 1150-1156
    127.UMA G.GUPTA and Robert E.Clarke.the theory and applications of Delphi Technique:A Bibliography(1975-1994) [J].Technological Forecasting and Social Change,53:185-211(1996)
    128.In Seong Chang,Yasuhiro Tsugimura,Mitsuo Gen,et al.An efficient approach for large scale project planning based on Fuzzy Delphi method[J].Fuzzy Sets and Systems 76(1995):277-288.
    129.Chitu Okoli,Suzanne D.Pawlowski.The Delphi method as a research tool:an example,design considerations and applications[J].Information & Management 42 (2004) 15-29
    130.Brown.B.Delphi process:A Methodology used for the elicitation of opinions of experts[J].The Rand Corporation,1968
    131.Arnold Leving.A model for health projections using knowledgeable information[J].World Health Statistics Quart,1984,37:310
    132.Christophe Sapin,Marie-Claude Simeoni.Reliability and validity of the VSP-A,a health-related quality of life instrument for ill and healthy adolescents[J].Journal of Adolescent Health 36 (2005)327-336
    133.(美)德威利斯著,魏勇刚,龙长权,宋武译.量表的编制,理论与应用.重庆大学出版社.2004.
    134.Hays RD,Anderson R,Revicki D.Psychometric considerations in evaluating health-related quality of life measures.Quality of Life Research,1993,2(2):441-449
    135.侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用.北京:教育科学出版社,2004
    136.郭志刚.社会统计分析方法—SPSS软件应用.北京:中国人民大学出版社,19993.339~355
    137.黄芳铭.结构方程模式理论与应用.北京:中国税务出版社,2005
    138.李旭,Gail Huon,钱铭怡.在临床心理学领域运用结构方程模型的思路与步骤.中国临床心理学杂志,2001,9(2):149-152
    139.Maruyama GM.Basic of structural equation modeling.California:Sage publication.1997.198~202
    140.MacCallum RC,Austin JT.Application of structural equation modeling in psychological research.Annual reviews of psychology,2000,31:201~226
    141.Stevens J.Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences.Mahwah NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Publishers,1996.
    1.彼得.罗西,霍华德.弗里曼,马克.李普希.项目评估方法与技术.北京:华夏出版社,第6版,2002
    2.Shortell SM.Health programme evaluation.Saint Louis:The C.V.Mosby Company,1978.
    3.胡永宏等.综合评价方法[M].北京科学出版社,2000.5—11
    4.赵瑞峰.公共政策分析[M].北京:中国时代经济出版社,2007
    5.李卫平.中国健康保障的选择[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002
    6.Carol HW.Evaluation-methods for studying programs and policies.Second edition.Prentice Hall Inc,1999
    7.郑频频等.社区卫生服务评价体系的研究[J].社区卫生服务,2001,8:23-2
    8.Pe Beaulieu J,Scutchfield FD,Kelly AV.Content and criterion validity evaluation of National Public Health Performance Standards measurement instruments.Public Health Rep.2003 Nov-Dec;118(6):508-17.
    9.薛迪.社区医疗服务质量评价的意义与方法[J].中华医院管理志,1999,15(4):216-218
    10.Wendy Leebov,Gail Scott.The Customer Satisfactory Strategy for Health Care[M].USA American hospital publishing,1994
    11.Newell,K,W,ed.Health by the people.Genea[R].WHO,1975
    12.von dem Knesebeck,Joksimovic L,Badura B,Siegrist J.Evaluation of a community-level health policy intervention[J].Health Policy.2002,61(1):111-22
    13.K.L.Whiteetal.Health services:ConcePts and Information for National Planning and Mnagement [R].WHO,Public Health Papers,1977:67-69
    14.WHO.Integration of Health Care Delivery,Report of a WHO Study Group.Ge neva[R].World Health Organization,1996:22
    15.Elnekave E.Gross R.A Consumer Based Tool for Evaluating the Quality of Health Services in the Israeli Health Care System Following Reform[J].Health Policy 68(2):143-158
    16.陈英耀.卫生服务评价.上海:复旦大学出版社,2007
    17.龚幼龙,冯学山.卫生服务研究.上海:复旦大学出版社,2002
    18.赵瑞峰.公共政策分析.北京:中国时代经济出版社,2007
    19.陈庆云.公共政策分析.北京:北京大学出版社,2006
    20.曹建安,张禾.国内外企业绩效评价发展的几个新特点.生产力研究,2003,(1):101-103
    21.李文琴,李红霞.中国城市环境可持续发展指标体系初探.西安科技学院学报,2001,21(2):171-174.
    22.king Medical University School of Public Health.The role and scope of private medical practice in China (Part I).Beijing:WHO/China and UNDP/China,2002
    23.Yuan li Liu,Peter Berman,WinnieYip,e tc.He althc are in China:The role of non-government providers[J]..Health Policy 2005;1772-1779
    24.牛新国,李月彬,贾增发.城市可持续发展评价指标体系初探.监测与评价,21-23.
    25.威廉.邓恩.公共政策分析导论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002
    26.卢祖洵.社会医学.北京:科学技术出版社,2003
    27.AHCPR.National medical expenditure survey:Questionnaries and data collection methods for medical provider survey[R].1992
    28.AHCPR.Health services research on rural health.NIH Guide for grants and contracts [R].1992,21(16)
    29.于浩,等.贫困农村卫生服务利用的公平性研究[J].中国卫生经济.16(4):34-36,1997
    30.王静,张亮,冯占春,等.农村乡镇卫生院服务质量评价指标分析[J].中国卫生事业管理,2006,2:119-121
    31.龚幼龙.社会医学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2003
    32.于浩,陆志刚等.用加权秩和比法评价妇幼卫生服务状况[J].南京医科大学学报,1997,17(4):346-349
    33.王凯娟,代丽萍,等.农村居民卫生服务需求与利用调查[J].中国公共卫生,18(7):864,2002
    34.中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2003[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2003
    35.郑频频,傅华.社区卫生服务评价体系的研究社区卫生服务[J].2001,15(8):23-24
    36.卢祖洵.社会医学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:117-122
    37.龚幼龙.农村卫生服务调查与评价[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2001,21(6):52-58
    38.马立平等.新编实用统计方法.北京:北京经济学院出版社,1996,141—148
    39.曾光.现代流行病学方法与应用[M].北京:北京医科大学一中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1994:250~290
    40.Jan A Kors,et al.The Delphi Method:A Review of its Application in Medicine.Netherlands:The Netherlands Press.1989,150-160.
    41.Joseph P.Martino.A review of selected recent advances in technological forecasting.Technological Forecasting & Social Change 70 (2003) 719-733
    42.Brent Graham,Glenn Regehr,James G.Wright.Delphi as a method to establish consensus for diagnostic criteria.Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 56 (2003) 1150-1156
    43.UMA G.GUPTA and Robert E.Clarke.the theory and applications of Delphi Technique:A Bibliography(1975-1994).Technological Forecasting and Social Change,53:185-211(1996)
    44.In Seong Chang,Yasuhiro Tsugimura,Mitsuo Gen,et al.An efficient approach for large scale project planning based on Fuzzy Delphi method.Fuzzy Sets and Systems 76(1995):277-288.
    45.Chitu Okoli,Suzanne D.Pawlowski.The Delphi method as a research tool:an example,design considerations and applications.Information & Management 42 (2004) 15-29
    46.田凤调.实用卫生统计学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.1994:366~411
    47.扬启佑.卫生综合效益评价方法的研究[J].中国卫生经济,1996,15(5):29—31
    48.金新政.软科学研究方法[M].武汉:科学技术出版社,2002:179-200
    49.张菊英,倪宗瓒.主成分分析与因子分析用于多指标综合评价.现代预防医学,1994,21(1):5-8
    50.孙振球,徐勇勇.医学统计学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002
    51.孙振球,田凤调.医用综合评价.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994,2—4,14—15,31,158
    52.贺佳,高尔生等.综合评价中权重系数及标准化法研究[J].中国公共卫生,20011,7(11):1048-1050
    53.白雪梅,赵松山.由指标重要性确定权重的方法探讨[J].江苏统计,1998,3:22-24
    54.宋之杰,高晓红.一种多指标综合评价中确定指标权重的方法[J].燕山大学学报,2002,26(1):20-23
    55.倪少凯.7种确定评估指标权重方法的比较.华南预防医学,2002,28(6):54—5
    56.田凤调.利用RSR确定权重系数的研究(一)——关于权重系数的新认识.中国卫生统计,1992,9(2):11-15.
    57.郭清,王小合,汪胜.社区卫生服务评价体系的理论方法与应用研究[J].中国全科医学,2002,5(10):802-803
    58.张家放.医用多元统计方法.武汉:华中科技大学出版社.2002
    59.王启栋,王洁贞等.线性回归结合秩和比法对医院收容量的预测[J].中国医院统计,2000,7(3):146
    60.田凤调,著.秩和比法的应用[M].人民卫生出版社,2002
    61.曹建海.过度竞争论.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002
    62.Terry H,Roy W.SWOT analysis:it is time's for a product recall.Long Range Planning,1997,30:46-52
    63.Christiansen T.A SWOT analysis of the organization and financing of the Danish health care system.Health Policy.2002 Feb;59(2):99-106.
    64.赵焕臣等.层次分析.北京:科学出版社,1986
    65.王以彭,李结松等.层次分析法在确定评价指标权重系数中的应用[J].第一军医大学学报,1999,19(4):377-379
    66.刘丽.层次分析加权法在评价医院综合效益中的应用[J].中国医院统计,1995,2(3):136
    67.Charnes A.,Cooper W.W.and Rhodes E.Measuring the Efficiency of Decision2making Units.Eur.J.Oper.Res.1978,2,429-444
    68.Charnes A.,Cooper W.W.and Rhodes E.Evaluating Program and Managerial Efficiency:An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Program Follow Through.Manag.Sci.
    69.杜栋,庞庆华.现代综合评价方法与案例精选.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
    70.杨松林.工程模糊论方法及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1996
    71.张小容,张复新.应用模糊综合评判法对医疗质量进行综合评价[J].数理医药学杂志,2001,14(5):456-457
    72.刘玉秀,徐少青.TOPSIS法用于医院工作质量的多指标综合评价.中国卫生统计,1993,10(2):12-15
    73.张家放.医用多元统计方法.武汉:华中科技大学出版社.2002
    74.E Thanassoulis,A Boussofiane and RG Dyson.A comparison of data envelopment analysis and ratio analysis as tools for performance assessment.Omega Int.J.Mgmt.Sci,1996,24(3):229-244
    75.陈英耀,付晨,艾晓星等.上海卫生政策情境分析研究设计.中国卫生资源,2003,6(4):155-156
    76.倪宗瓒.医学统计学.北京:人民卫生出版社.2000
    77.陈国宏,陈衍泰,李美娟组合评价系统综合研究复旦学报(自然科学版),2003,(10):667-672
    78.王德利,陈育德,饶克勤.卫生服务综合评价模型的研究[J].中国卫生经济,1996,15(9):34-36
    79.WHO.Integration of Health Care Delivery[R],Report of a WHO Study Group.Geneva.World Health Organization,1996:22
    80.Liberati A etal.A European project assessing the appro Priateness of hospital utilization:background,objectives and preliminary results[J].Intemational Jo urnal for Quality in HealthCare,1995,(7):187-199
    81.IETJE HReerink and Rainer.Sauerborn.Quality of Primary Health Care in Developing Countries: Recent Experiences and Future Directions.International[J].Journal for Quality in Health Care.1996,8(2):131-139
    82.Improving Health Care in Developing Countries Using Quality A ssurance:Report of a World Health Organization Pre-ISQUA Joint Review Meeting[R].Advanced copy of WHO,1998
    83.王德利,陈育德,饶克勤.卫生服务综合评价模型的研究[J].中国卫生经济,1996,15(9):34-36
    84.Beaulieu J,Scutchfield FD,Kelly AV.Content andcri ter ion validitye valuation of National public health performance Standards measurement instruments[R].Public Health Rep,2003,118 (6):508-517
    85.WHO,World Health RePort[R].WHO,Geneva,2000:Health Systems:Improving Performance.WHO,Switzerland,http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/index.html
    86.Jimison H,Adler L,Coye M,et al.Health care providers and purchasers and evaluation of interactive health communication applications.Science Panel on Interactive Communication and Health.1999 Jan;16(1):16-22
    87.von dem Knesebeck,Joksimovic L,Badura B,Siegrist J.Evaluation of a community-level health policy intervention.Health Policy.2002 Jul;61(1):111-22.
    88.粱万年,王虹,杨兴华.中国城市社区卫生服务评价指标体系的建立.中国卫生事业管理,2002,8:460-462
    89.郭清等.社区卫生服务评价体系的理论方法与应用研究[J].中国全科医学,2002,10:802-803
    90.罗力,宋宝良,陈祥华,等.农村村卫生室综合优势指标的建立与检验[J].中国卫生资源,2001,4(2):61-63
    91.郭清,汪胜,王小合.中国城市社区卫生服务评价指标研究.中国全科医学,2002,5(11):887-888
    92.朱新侠等.城市社区卫生服务评价体系的研究[J].江苏卫生保健,2003,5:19-21
    93.王虹,杨兴华,粱万年.社区卫生服务模式效果效益评价指标体系信度、效度的初步研究.中华医院管理杂志,2003,19(8):651-652
    94.鲍勇,王勇,吴永平.社区卫生服务评价体系进一步研究[J].江苏卫生事业管理,2000,11(3):3-7
    95.郭清等.社区卫生服务评价体系的理论方法与应用研究[J].中国全科医学,2002,10:802-803
    96.张拓红,陈育德,等.《中国农村初级卫生保健发展纲要(2001-2010年)》实施进度评估国家级复核指标基本框架.中国农村卫生事业管理,2006,26(03):45-47
    97.毕育学,颜虹,李勇,等.中国西部5省40个贫困县村卫生室综合评价[J].中国初级卫生保健,2001,15(1):11-13
    98.张华.不同时期我国卫生服务综合评价研究[D].2006
    99.杨丽.贫困地区农村卫生室公共卫生服务能力评价指标体系初步研究[D].2006
    100.唐爱平.中国西部贫困农村卫生服务状况研究[D].2003
    101.宁岩.农村乡镇卫生院服务效率分析[D].2003
    102.操秋阳.以初保为核心的农村卫生工作综合评价实践与思考[J].中国农村卫生事业管理,2006,3(26):16-19
    103.李军,陈晨,彭迎春,等.关于建立北京市农村社区卫生服务效果、效益评价指标体系的研究[J].中国初级卫生保健,2005,19(1),33-35
    104.郝模.乡镇卫生院卫生人力素质综合评价指标及其检验[J].中国卫生资源,2001,3(4):73-75
    105.杜进林.新型农村合作医疗综合评价指标体系测评分析[J].中国公共卫生.2006,3(22):257-263
    106.李伟,王黎勇张华伟.农村社区卫生服务功能综合评价中的方法学研究[J].中国医院统计,2007,14(1):18-19
    107.郭清,汪胜,王小合.2005年城市社区卫生服务发展目标评价方案的初步研究.中国初级卫生保健,2002,16(8):4-5

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700