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原材料中针状碳化物在低铬白口铸铁中的遗传效应
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摘要
本文简述了金属遗传性的发展历程及研究现状,剖析了低铬白口铸铁磨球组织中因存在针状碳化物而引起破碎率高的原因。在深入分析原材料中针状碳化物的遗传效应对低铬白口铸铁组织与性能影响的基础上,以探讨针状碳化物的遗传机理,改善针状碳化物的不良遗传效应为宗旨,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段深入研究了原材料及其相应的低铬白口铸铁中针状碳化物的组织形态、化学成分以及微观结构;并采用重熔、过热以及电磁搅拌三种工艺措施,探讨消除不良遗传物质——针状碳化物的最佳途径,为铸造合金遗传性研究以及提高耐磨材料的服役性能提供了理论依据。
     通过对不同原材料中针状碳化物对低铬白口铸铁的遗传效应的研究,发现原材料中存在针状碳化物者,其获得的试样中也存在同样的组织,其中以全白口生铁和废机铁为主要原材料生产的低铬白口铸铁试样中针状碳化物遗传现象最为明显。分别对原材料及其制备的低铬白口铸铁中的针状碳化物进行化学成分分析及微观结构探讨得出,原材料中针状碳化物主要化学成分为C、Fe,低铬白口铸铁中针状碳化物化学成分为C、Fe、Cr:原材料及低铬白口铸铁中的针状碳化物其微观结构均为斜方晶格结构。这一论据有力地证明了针状碳化物具有明显的遗传效应。
     在研究改善针状碳化物的遗传效应时分别采用重熔、过热、电磁搅拌三种工艺措施。研究结果显示,三种工艺措施都在不同程度上削弱了针状碳化物的遗传性。增加重熔次数使得针状碳化物尺寸减小,数量增加;提高熔炼温度和增大磁场强度,则使得针状碳化物尺寸减小,数量下降,电磁搅拌对针状碳化物的削弱作用明显优于重熔与过热,同时电磁搅拌对低铬白口铸铁力学性能的改善作用也强于重熔及过热处理。
In this paper, the history and present status of metal heredity were introduced and the reason that the low chromium cast iron showed high rate of reduction owing to the needle-like carbide were analyzed. Then, on the basis of studying the influence of the needle-like carbide heredity in the primary material on the structure and property of the low chromium cast iron, the hereditary mechanics of the needle-like carbide were analyzed and the poor hereditary effect of needle-like carbide were improved. The morphosis, constitution and micro structure of primary material and low chromium cast iron were detailedly investigated by means of optical microscope, SEM, TEM etc. The measures for removing the heredity of needle-like carbide were investigated using different technology, such as remelting, overheating and electromagnetic stirring. The theory was provided for studying the hereditary effect of casting alloy and increasing the service life of wear resistant material.
    Through the research of the hereditary mechanism of needle-like carbide, it was found that the same structures were also found in the low chromium cast iron when there was needle-like carbide in the primary material. In particular, the hereditary effect of needle-like carbide in low chromium cast iron were most obvious when primary material was the complete chill pig iron or the returns. The constitution and the microstructure of the primary material were analyzed as well as the low chromium cast iron sample. The results showed that the elements in primary material were C and Fe and the needle-like carbides in the low chromium cast iron samples contains C, Fe and Cr. It is important the microstructure of needle-like carbide were both the orthorhombic in the primary material and low chromium cast iron sample. It was proved that needle-like carbide possessed the visible hereditary effect.
    The improvement of hereditary effect of the needle-like carbide was studied by means of remelting, overheating and electromagnetic stirring. The results showed the above three kind of technologies all weakened the hereditary effect to some degrees, the needle-like carbide sizes were lessened and the quantities were increased with the remelting times. And also, the sizes and quantities of the needle-like carbides were decreased by increasing the melting temperature and the magnetic density. It was found that the influence of electromagnetic stirring on improving the heredity of needle-like carbides and the mechanical property of the low chromium cast iron was better than the remelting times and overheating temperature.
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