用户名: 密码: 验证码:
垃圾焚烧炉烟气净化用袋式除尘滤料的试验研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
随着国民经济快速发展,工业垃圾和城市生活垃圾在成倍增加。垃圾焚烧处理在世界各国得到广泛的应用。为有效地控制垃圾焚烧炉大气污染物的排放,国家《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485—2001)规定:垃圾焚烧炉的除尘装置必须采用袋式除尘器。由于我国的垃圾成分复杂,焚烧过程排放的烟气中水汽和酸碱成分含量较大,造成袋式除尘滤料因腐蚀、水解问题影响使用寿命,难以适应垃圾焚烧炉烟气净化长期稳定可靠运行的要求。
     本课题源自上海市联盟计划项目“PTFE短纤维及其滤料制品国产化”课题,针对PTFE纤维国产化后针刺滤料及其复合滤料研发进行滤料的耐腐蚀破坏性试验和过滤性能的试验研究。
     针对PPS、PTFE、GLASS、PSA四种纤维及其滤料的应用情况及性能特点,分析它们作为垃圾焚烧炉高温烟气净化用袋式除尘滤料的可用性,提出新型滤料技术,命名为华森特C滤料。该技术采用多种纤维材料复合和进行后整理,开发低成本高性能的用于垃圾焚烧炉的滤料。
     针对实际应用中滤料因腐蚀出现使用寿命短的问题,对中碱玻璃纤维进行PTFE乳液渗透式覆膜处理,减弱酸碱性成分侵蚀滤料,防止纤维的氧化和水解:针对实际应用中的过滤要求,将滤料分为几个不同致密度和不同粗细纤维的过滤层,具有梯度的结构,使清灰变得容易,粉尘不易在滤料内部滞留,以提高过滤精度,降低过滤阻力。
     设计模拟工况下对选取的七种滤料的酸碱破坏性试验,试验结果表明:华森特C滤料由于其原料中碱玻璃纤维表面经过PTFE乳液渗透式覆膜处理,经酸腐蚀后耐腐蚀性能较好;华森特C滤料由于其设计特性应用在垃圾焚烧炉含碱、高湿状态的烟尘中不会影响使用寿命。因此华森特C滤料的耐腐蚀性能能够满足实际工程对滤料使用寿命的要求。
     设计清洁状态和发尘状态下七种滤料的过滤性能测试试验,试验结果表明:华森特C滤料具有梯度结构,在过滤模式上为表面过滤,因此在七种滤料中的过滤效率较高,接近于过滤性能最好的PTFE覆膜滤料,其透气性也在七种滤料中较好,可以满足实际应用中的过滤低阻高效要求。
     北京高安屯医疗垃圾焚烧二号线系统袋式除尘器进口最大含尘浓度为30g/Nm~3,烟气最高温度220℃,烟气含SO_2最大浓度4000mg/Nm~3,含HCl最大浓度800mg/Nm~3,最高含水率30%。根据工程要求,排放的烟气浓度最高不得超过40mg/Nm~3,过滤效率为99.9%。采用华森特C滤料制作滤袋,使用寿命有待于使用时间的进一步考验。
Along with the fast development of national economy, industrial refuse and municipal solid waste are increasing by several times. The rubbish incineration treatment is wildly applied all over the world. In order to make the atmosphere contamination from rubbish incinerator under control effectively, the Standard for pollution control on the municipal solid waste incineration (GB18485-2001) stipulates that the bag filter must be used as the device for dust separation of rubbish incinerator. Because the composition of the rubbish in China is complex, the moisture content and acidity, alkalinity component content are bigger than those in foreign countries. The filter material are affected to have a short usable lifetime because of the chemistry corrosion and hydrolyze. The filter material can't accord with the practical needs.
     This paper is based on the "Item of Shanghai alliance project"—the "Localization of shortPTFE fibre and PTFE filter material" task. The paper is about the corrosion resistance performance and filter performance experimental study on PTFE needle filter material and PTFE compound filter material after the localization of PTFE fibre.
     Analyse the usability of the PPS, PTFE, GLASS and PSA fibre as the filter material of bag filter for cleaning high-temperature flue gas of rubbish incinerator according to the application and performances of the four kinds of fiber and their filter material. Bring forward a new filter material technology, and name it HST C filter material. The technology uses several kinds of fibre and makes downstream treatment to research and development low-cost and high performance filter material for rubbish incinerator.
     In order to solve the problem of short usable lifetime when the filter material suffering corrosion, the GLASS filter material is steeped by PTFE, and the surface layer of the GLASS fibre is conglutinated PTFE membrane. It is significant for corrosion resistance, oxygenation resistant and the water-refuse. In order to advance the filter performances, HST C filter material contain several filter layers with different density and fineness of fibre. The echelon configuration make it easy to clear dust. The dust are not easy to stay in filter material. The filter performances are advanced, and the filtration resistance fall.
     After the corrosion resistance performance experimental study on seven kinds of filter material in stimulant practical going, the experimental study show: HST C filter material have good corrosion resistance performance after acid corrosion, because the GLASS filter material is steeped by PTFE, and the surface layer of the GLASS fibre is conglutinated PTFE membrane. HST C filter material's usable lifetime can't be affected when used in flue gas of rubbish incinerator's alkalescence and high-humidity condition because of the filter material's configuration and performances. So HST C filter material's corrosion resistance performance can meet the rubbish incinerator's usable lifetime requirement.
     After the filter performance experimental study on seven kinds of filter material in clean state and dust state, the experimental study show: HST C filter material have good filter performance, close to the PTFE membrane filter material, which have the best filter performance. And HST C filter material's gas permeability are better in the seven kinds of filter material. So HST C filter material can meet the rubbish incinerator's filter requirement.
     In the bag filter of Gao'antun Medical Treatment rubbish incinerator No.2 system in Beijing, the biggest inlet concentration is 30g/Nm~3.The highest temperature of flue gas is 220°C.The biggest concentration of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride is 4000mg/Nm~3 and 800mg/Nm~3.The biggest containing water rate is 30%. According to the requirement of the project, the biggest outlet concentration is 40mg/Nm~3.The filter efficiency is 99.9%. The filter bag is made of HST C filter material, and the usable lifetime waits for the testing of using time.
引文
[1]张益,陶华.垃圾处理处置技术及工程实例[M].北京,化学工业出版社.2002:8~9
    [2]姜凡,潘忠刚,江淑琴等.城市固体废弃物的燃烧特性实验研究[J].热能动力工程.2001,16(9):16~18
    [3]吴善淦.除尘除有害气体专用袋式除尘器及其过滤材料.袋式除尘工程技术论坛讲座文集.2005,11上海
    [4]唐国勇,邢培生.200t/d城市生活垃圾焚烧锅炉简介[J].工业锅炉.2000,(4):22~23
    [5]国家环境保护总局污染控制司.城市固体废物管理与处理处置技术[M].北京,中国石化出版社.2000
    [6]胥树凡.城市垃圾处理必须产业化(上)[N].《科技日报》.2000年12月19日,第六版
    [7]每日新报报社.背景资料[N].《每日新报》.2001年4月18日,第三版
    [8]宋玉银.城市固体废弃物的治理技术[J].环境科学技术.1991,4(2):41~45
    [9]蒋建国,王伟,李国鼎等.重金属螯合剂处理焚烧飞灰的稳定化技术研究[J].环境科学.1999,20(3):13~17
    [10]刘京媛,李光素,陶华等.中国城市垃圾处理技术发展战略与政策研究[J].中国城市环境卫生协会会刊.1998(4):25~28
    [11]田文栋,魏小林,黎军等.北京市城市生活垃圾特性分析[J].环境科学学报.2000,29(4):435
    [12]屈超蜀.垃圾焚烧过程特性及焚烧炉设计概要[J].重庆大学学报.1997,20(5):52
    [13]聂永丰,刘富强,王进军.中国城市垃圾焚烧技术发展方向探讨[J].环境科学研究.2000,13(3):21
    [14]沈伯雄,姚强.垃圾焚烧中二噁英的形成与控制[J].电站系统工程.2002,18(5):8
    [15]王伟,袁光钰.我国的固体废物处理处置现状与发展[J].环境科学.1998,18(2):87
    [16]冯斌.城市垃圾焚烧与二噁英[J].能源研究与利用.2000,(4):12~14
    [17]黄家瑶.浅谈垃圾焚烧与热能利用[J].福建能源开发与节约.2002,(3):30~31
    [18]姚珉芳.城市生活垃圾焚烧处理技术及资源化利用[J].能源技术.2000,(2):97~100
    [19]赵绪新,王恩堂,马晓茜.CAO垃圾焚烧系统热力模型研究[J].热能工程.2001,(1):14~16
    [20]杜军,王怀彬,金霄.国内外垃圾焚烧炉技术概述[J].工业锅炉.2003,(5):15~19
    [21]张益,赵由才.生活垃圾焚烧技术[M].北京,化学工业出版社.2001
    [22]王华.二噁英零排放化城市生活垃圾焚烧技术[M].北京,冶金工业出版社.2001
    [23]刘大伟,李伟光,夏术军.城市垃圾焚烧处理中的二次污染与防治[J].工业锅炉.2000,(3):34~35,51
    [24]中华人民共和国国家标准.《工业“三废”排放试行标准》(GBJ4-73).中华人民共和国国家环境保护总局,1973
    [25]中华人民共和国国家标准.《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GWKB3—2000).中华人民共和国国家环境保护总局,2000
    [26]中华人民共和国国家标准.《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485—2001).中华人民 共和国国家环境保护总局,2001
    [27]金国淼.除尘设备[M].北京,化学工业工业出版社.2002:131~132
    [28]张殿印,张学义.除尘技术手册[M].北京,冶金工业出版社.2002
    [29]陈明绍,吴光兴,张大中等.除尘技术的基础理论与应用[M].北京,中国建筑工业出版社.198l:578~579
    [30]Koch H, Licht W. Chemical Engineering[M]. 1979, vol.84:80~88
    [31]Kraus M N. Chemical Engineering[M]. 1979, vol.86: 112~120
    [32]肖宝恒.袋式除尘器的发展及其在燃煤电厂的应用前景.全国袋式过滤技术研讨会论文集.2001,4武汉
    [33]张卫东,苏海佳,高坚.袋式除尘器及其滤料的发展[J].化工进展.2003,(4):380~384
    [34]刘华,茅清希,吴利瑞等.滤袋脉冲喷吹力学机理探讨[J].同济大学学报,2002,30(3):273~276
    [35]李铨.袋式除尘器滤料的发展与使用[J].中国建材装备.1999,1:34~36
    [36]吴善淦.垃圾焚烧袋式除尘技术.袋式除尘工程技术论坛讲座文集.2005,11上海
    [37]金栋,崔小明.聚苯硫醚的生产应用及市场前景[J].四川化工.2001,(4):25~28
    [38]任振铎,杜斌.聚苯硫醚PPS涂层及涂敷新工艺的研究及应用.中国国际腐蚀控制大会论文集.1999
    [39]杨杰.聚苯硫醚树脂及其应用[M].北京,化学工业出版社.2006,1(1):281~283
    [40]包林初.PPS(RYTON)针刺滤料的研制和应用[J].产业用纺织品.2002,20(1):18~22
    [41]金国珍.工程塑料[M].北京,化工工业出版社,2001:555~557
    [42]管从胜,王威强.氟树脂涂料及应用[M].北京,化学工业出版社,2004:128
    [43]缪京媛,叶牧.氟塑料加工与应用[M].北京,化学工业出版社,1987
    [44]Wayne W.Y.Lau. Reza Ashady(Ed).Desk Reference of Functional Polymer American Chemical Society[M], WashingtonDc. 1996:Chap4, 5
    [45]邢声远,吴宏仁.纺织纤维[M].北京,化学工业出版社,2005,1(4):326~328
    [46]西鹏,高晶,李文刚.高技术纤维[M].北京,化学工业出版社,2004,9(1):425~436
    [47]姜肇中,高建枢,王惟峰.玻璃纤维的发展和应用[J].玻璃钢/复合材料.1997,6:5~10
    [48]刘英俊,刘伯元.塑料填充改性[M].北京,中国轻工业出版社,1998:56
    [49]姜安玺,王琨,马承愚等.空气污染控制[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003
    [50]汪晓峰,张玉华.芳砜纶的性能及其应用[J].纺织导报.2005,1:18~23
    [51]Roger F.Jones.短纤维增强塑料手册[M].北京,化学工业出版社.2000:51
    [52]中华人民共和国国家标准.HCR2 042-1999,《袋式除尘器用滤料》.中华人民共和国国家技术监督局,1999
    [53]中华人民共和国国家标准.HBC 30-2004,《袋式除尘器用覆膜滤料》.中华人民共和国国家技术监督局,2004
    [54]吴善淦,沈玉祥.垃圾焚烧袋式除尘技术.袋式除尘工程技术论坛讲座文集.2004,11上海

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700