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城市绿地空气负离子分布规律的研究
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摘要
空气负离子被誉为“空气维生素和生长素”,具有降尘、抑菌功能,净化空气、调节小气候、保健等效果显著,其浓度水平已成为评价城市空气清洁程度的重要指标。城市绿地可有效提高空气中负离子水平.但到目前为止,有关城市绿地中空气负离子水平变化规律和主要影响因子尚无较全面、系统的研究报道。本项研究以北方特色鲜明的吉林市为研究地点,选择具有代表性的城市绿地作为研究对象,对绿地中的空气正负离子浓度进行了测定,同时记录空气温度、相对湿度等气象指标,观测数据利用相关分析、方差分析等多元统计方法进行定性、定量分析,旨在找出空气负离子水平的时空变化规律、与绿地结构和功能区的关系,为植物功能景观设计、空气负离子区的建立提供科学依据,并为进一步探讨不同植物对空气负离子水平影响和植物对空气负离子影响机制等奠定基础。结果表明:一天中城市绿地空气负离子水平有两个高峰值,出现在清晨和午夜;一年中以夏季空气负离子水平最高。冬季最低;结构不同的城市绿地中空气负离子水平差异显著;城市绿地对空气负离子水平影响较大,其空气负离子水平明显高于居住区、商业区和城市街道;喷泉对空气负离子水平有较大的影响;城市绿地中空气负离子水平与空气温度呈负相关。
Aero-anion is praised as air vitamin and auxin, just due to its remarkable functions of falling dust, restraining fungi and bacteria, purifying the air and regulating the microclimate. Aero-anion concentration has been an important index in evaluating pureness of the urban air. Urban green space is beneficial for improving aero-anion standard efficiently. So far no systematic research on temporal-spatial pattern and main influencing factors has been reported. Typical urban green space was studied in this research in JiLin city, which is obviously characterized by Northern features. The aero-cation and aero-anion were measured, aero-temperature and relative humidity etc. relative indicators were recorded as well. The observation data were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using multi-variables statistical methods such as correlation analysis and variance analysis. Further, the temporal-spatial pattern of aero-anion concentration and relations between it and the structures of green space and different function areas were found. These outputs offered the scientific proof for plant functional landscape design and aero-anion areas construction, and benefited the further discussion of the effects and influencing mechanism of different plants on aero-anion. The results were as following: the aero-anion concentration appears two pieces of peak respectively on the early morning and mid-night in the urban green spaces; the highest aero-anion concentration appears in summer, and the lowest in winter; the aero-anion concentrations are significantly different among urban green spaces with different structures; the aero-anion concentrations in urban green spaces are obviously higher than that in residential districts, commercial areas and urban streets; the fountain has greater effect on aero-anion concentration.; the correlation between aero-anion concentration and areo-temperature is negatively significant in urban green space.
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